• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 2021

Objective: Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are more likely to progress to dementia. Motor-cognitive training is applied as a dual-task to improve the cognitive and physical functions of older adults with MCI. The purpose of the study was to know the recent trends in motor training types and outcome measures used for motor-cognitive training in older adults with MCI. Design: Aliterature review Methods: This literature review was conducted in Pubmed, MEDLINE® and Google Scholar with the following key words: older adults, mild cognitive impairment, motor-cognitive training, cognition, and dual-task. The 7 studies were found with the search tool and all studies were randomized controlled trials. Results: In motor-cognitive training in older adults with MCI, 6 studies applied aerobic exercise. And 3 out of 6 studies also applied strengthening exercises. One study applied dual tasks without aerobic exercise. In the 6 studies, overall cognitive and executive function were used as outcome measures, and physical function was evaluated as gait performance. Memory and physical frailty were also used as measurement tools. As a result of all studies, when motor-cognitive training was applied, cognition and physical performance showed significant results. Conclusions: A recent five-year study applied mainly aerobic exercise and strength training to older adults with MCI and found it to improve cognitive and physical performance.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.842-848
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• 2001

Objectives : The mortality rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) has been reduced recently due to refinement of microsurgical technique and improved perioperative management. Also, many survivors of SAH show excellent neurological recoveries. However, we found that a high proportion of the survivors do not fully regain their premorbid status in cognitive and memory function. Object of this study is to evaluate which factors might influence on cognitive and memory impairment in ruptured aneurysmal SAH patients. Methods : In this prospective study, a series of 66 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) from 1996 to 1998, most of whom had a "good" or "fair" neurological outcome, were assessed with various tests of cognition and memory function. All patients underwent clipping operation by pterional approach. Right side approach was performed in 16 case and left 21 cases. K-WAIS(Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) was used as method of cognition and memory function test. The time interval between SAH and assessment varied between 4 months and 8 months, averaging 6.2 months. Statistical analyses were carried out for each test score to see whether aneurysm site(A-com : non A-com), route of approach, age and sex, vasospasm, Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher CT group at admission, Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) at discharge affect cognitive and memory function. Results : Aneurysm site was not shown to be associated with performance on any test, and the initial grade (Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher CT group) of SAH and vasospasm had only minimal predictive values. The grade at discharge( GOS) was proved to be the best predictor of impairment of cognition and memory function within 1 year after operation. Conclusion : The authors conclude that the diffuse effects of SAH are more important than focal neuropathology in relation to cognitive impairment in this group of patients.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression status and cognitive function in the community female aged. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 120 senior female residents in the Hall for the aged in the city of S. The length of time for data collection was from June 18 to 29, 2007. The tool of data collection was Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination (Kwon & Park, 1989), Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (Bae, 1996). Results: Depression & cognition showed significant differences according to age, regular exercise. The depression group scored significantly lower than the normal group in total score of cognition, orientation, memory recall. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the composite programs, which can improve not only cognition but depression in the community female aged.\

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify differences in factors influencing cognitive function according to the cognition of community dwelling elders. Methods: A convenience sample of 565 community dwelling elders participated in this study and from May to June, 2010 trained research assistants collected data using structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression with the SPSS Win 15.0 version. Results: The elders had a slightly low degree of cognitive function. Of the 565 elders, 41.1% were in the normal group for cognitive function and 58.9% in the mild impairment group. Although there were no significant differences in general characteristics between the groups, factors influencing cognitive function were different. Factors influencing elders in the normal group were leisure activity and moderately good health status. These variables accounted for 5.7% of the variance in cognitive function. Factors influencing elders in the mild impairment group were leisure activity, depression, and education level limited to elementary school graduation. These variables accounted for 19.9% of the variance cognitive function. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive understanding of factors influencing cognitive function in elders. Differentiated nursing interventions according to degree of cognitive function are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

The research has sought to examine the effect of cognition training using smart device application games on the cognition function of traumatic brain injury patients. The research was conducted to the seventeen traumatic brain injury patients with slight symptoms who were treated with occupational therapy. The patients were divided into the two groups, nine for the experimental group and eight for the control group. The experimental group was assigned to conduct cognition training using smart device application games and traditional cognition training for fifteen minutes each, and the control group has conducted the traditional cognition training for 30 minutes. All arbitrations were conducted for 30 minutes a day, five times a week and for four weeks. To assess the cognitive function, Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) and visual memory 1 and 2 of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3) were measured before and after the intervention. In the comparison of the change between the two groups, the experimental groups showed a significant improvement in the visual memory of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3 and remembrance section of the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (p<.05). The result of this research has confirmed that the cognition training using the smart device application game can make the positive change to the visual memory of the traumatic brain injury patients more than the traditional cognition training.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of electroencephalograph (EEG) power and coherence on cognitive function in normal elderly, non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, and demented elderly during working cognition tasks. Forty elderly women (19 demented elderly, 10 non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, 11 norma1 elderly) participated in this study, All subjects performed working cognition tasks with Raven's CPM while EEG signal was recorded, EEGs were measured continuously at rest and during the working cognition task. EEG power and coherence was computed over 21 channels: right and left frontal, central, parietal, temporal and occipital region. We found that there were more correct answers among normal elderly women than in other groups Owing the working cognition task, ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F8, a wave at Fp2, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2. F4 and F8 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the demented elderly group. On the other hand. ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F7, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F7 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast. in the normal elderly group, all of the ${\Theta}$ wave and ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7 and F8 of the frontal region (except ${\beta}$ wave at F3) was increased significantly, These results suggest that the nerves in prefrontal and right hemisphere regions were most active in the demented elderly group during problem solving, and the nerves in the prefrontal and left hemisphere lobe were most active in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast, me majority of nerves in the frontal region were active in the normal elderly group.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2003

In web environment, we accept most of useful information visually. Icon is a channel through which we explore information, and we need icon design to deliver information clearly and quickly to users who accept information visually. Studies on icon have been carried out vigorously according to system environment, styles and characteristics of users. This study is on the metaphor icon, and judging from the characteristics of metaphor icon, it is by the phenomena of user's association of ideas. Divide metaphor and simile and analyzed metaphor icon that is searched in World Wide Web to distinguish similarity in metaphor icon special qualify, And I clarified the present condition of cognition by questionnaires asking people if they recognize the function. I also clarified if elements of icon design influence the level of user's cognition by visually comparing icons. The result of comparative analysis showed that different elements make different level of user's cognition, and to objectify it more, I made up questionnaires about elements of icon design and proved it again. To summarize the result of this study, the similarity between function and elements of design increases the level of recognition of metaphor icon proportionally. To improve user's cognition, I suggest designing with elements which materialize functions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.384-393
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to find out the subjective cognition-patterns of school aged children with borderline intelligence function to the School using Q Methodology. Q-sample was included 21 statements obtained from literatures and in-depth interviews with 4 specialist & 4 children with borderline intelligence function. P-sample was consisted through the consent of 18 children with borderline intelligence function and their parents. The 21 selected Q-statements were classified into a normal distribution using a 5 point scale. The collected data analyzed using a Quanl PC program. This study found out two subjective cognition-patterns of school aged children with borderline intelligence function to the school. Two types were 'participatory & dependent type', and 'onlooking & atrophic type'. This research finding can be used to make clear understanding on diverse voices of school aged children with borderline intelligence function to the School. And this result will attribute to mediations of educational welfare practice for maintaining a safe & healthy learning environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3599-3608
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• 2014

This paper discusses the cognitive function of the image, focusing on the thought-evoking function of the image. Collages artworks were developed to determine how specifically the thought-evoking function of an image takes effect in actual cases. In addition, the cognitive responses of the research participants on the image were analyzed, centering on the thought-evoking function of the image, through an in-depth interview. The image performs the function to concentrate attention on a specific object and to process it more thoroughly. The image increases the immersion of the participants, evoked thought and activated conversation. This study probed the cognitive function of the image and is expected to greatly expand our understanding of human cognition. In particular, it is expected to provide useful insight into the integration of science and art.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cognition and executive function by computer - based attention program in vascular dementia. Method : The subjects of this study, old man diagnosed with vascular dementia, 12 patients were picked up, who were agreed with this research and were having hospital care for 4 weeks at nursing care centers. Computer-based attention program was applied to vascular dementia. Cognitive function measured by a K-MMSE and executive function measured by ACL. The SPSS Ver. 18.0 statistical program was used for data processing. The significance level for statistical inspection was set as 0.05. Result : In comparison of cognitive function was not significantly correlated in the pre and post test and executive function was significantly correlated in the pre and post test. Conclusion : Therefore, the computer-based attention program is useful to improve the cognitive and executive function in elderly with vascular dementia.