• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.1019-1027
• /
• 2009

A noncompartmented microbial fuel cell (NCMFC) composed of a Mn(IV)-carbon plate and a Fe(III)-carbon plate was used for electricity generation from organic wastewater without consumption of external energy. The Fe(III)-carbon plate, coated with a porous ceramic membrane and a semipermeable cellulose acetate film, was used as a cathode, which substituted for the catholyte and cathode. The Mn(IV)-carbon plate was used as an anode without a membrane or film coating. A solar cell connected to the NCMFC activated electricity generation and bacterial consumption of organic matter contained in the wastewater. More than 99% of the organic matter was biochemically oxidized during wastewater flow through the four NCMFC units. A predominant bacterium isolated from the anode surface in both the conventional and the solar cell-linked NCMFC was found to be more than 99% similar to a Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium and Burkeholderia sp., based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolate reacted electrochemically with the Mn(IV)-modified anode and produced electricity in the NCMFC. After 90 days of incubation, a bacterial species that was enriched on the Mn(IV)-modified anode surface in all of the NCMFC units was found to be very similar to the initially isolated predominant species by comparing 16S rDNA sequences.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2018

There have been a number of major fatal fire accidents in Korea recently. The number of fires in 2017 were 44,178, which is not only increasing number of fires but also increasing in casualties. Particularly, the fire at Jecheon Sports Center, which suffered many casualties, is expected to have a huge impact. The cause of the fire has not been determined yet, but heat waves on the ceiling have also been pointed out. As such, the copper heating waves, which are used as a preventive measure against damage of pipes due to freezing of pipes, etc., always have a fire hazard. To determine the possibility of a flame-resistant heated fire, a positive electric cable product was used to artificially ignite and analyze the results. In case of a short circuit, the external covering of the positive electric cable is damaged, but not short circuit unless the heating material surrounding the wire is damaged. Due to the characteristics of heating cable for preventing copper waves, the chances of insulation becoming more severe due to moisture and temperature changes are higher than normal wires. If the internal heating system is carbonized by insulating deterioration without damage to the outer coating, it is likely to cause trekking, to form a winding loop in the heating materials, and to cause short circuit in the heated materials. For the positive temperature line, if the middle is shorted, the current continues to flow to the short circuit unless the breaker disconnects. Consequently, a heated fire that does not cut off the power immediately may leave multiple marks or cuts.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.14-14
• /
• 2001

Nitride films such as TiN, CrN etc. deposited on glass by PVD processes have been developed for many industrial applications. These nitride films deposited on glass were widely used for not only decorative and optical coatings but also wear and corrosion resistance coatings employed as dies and molds made of glass for the example of lens forming molds. However, the major problem of nitride coatings on glass by PVD process is non-uniform film owing to pin-hole and micro crack. It is estimated that nonuniform coating is influenced by a different surface energy between metal nitrides and glass due to binding states. In this work, therefore, for the evaluation of nucleation and growth mechanism of nitride films on glass TiN and CrN film were synthesized on glass with various nitrogen partial pressure by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Prior to deposition, for the examination of relationship between surface energy and film microstructure plasma pre-treatment process was carried out with various argon to hydrogen flow rate and substrate bias voltage, duty cycle and frequency by using pulsed DC power supply. Surface energy owing to the different plasma pre-treatment was calculated by the measurement of wetting angle and surface conditions of glass were investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM). The microstructure change of nitride films on glass with increase of film thickness were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2005

표면 개질한 다공성 금속 지지체에 초음파 분무 열분해법을 이용하여 silica막을 합성하고, 고온 기체 선택 투과 분리 특성을 조사하였다. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)를 전구체로 하여 지지체 세공을 통한 감압 진공을 하면서 873K에서 표면에 defect 없이 균일한 양질의 silica막이 형성되었다. 투과 온도 523 K에서 silica막의 수th/질소 및 수증기/메탄을 분리 계수가 각각 17 및 16 정도의 우수한 선택 투과 성능을 나타냈다. 다공성 금속 지지체의 불균일한 기공에 silica 분체 및 $\gamma-alumina$층을 중간층으로 도입하고, 그 위에 열분해법에 의한 silica를 합성한 결과, Knudsen 확산에 의한 투과 영역의 세공이 완전히 제거되어 높은 수소 및 수증기 선택성을 가지는 복합 막이 형성되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.332-332
• /
• 2010

We have successfully demonstrated the inkjet printing method to create $Al_2O_3$ films withouWe have successfully demonstrated the inkjet printing method to create $Al_2O_3$ films without a high temperature sintering process. In order to remove the coffee ring effect in the ink drop, we have introduced a co-solvent system in order to create Marangoni flow in the ink drop, which leads to the dense packing of ceramic powders on the substrate during inkjet process. The packing density of the Inkjet-printed $Al_2O_3$ films is around 60% (max. 70%) which is very high compared to the value obtained from the same material films by other conventional methods such as film casting, dip coating process, etc. The voids inside the films (which are around 40% of the entire film volume) are filled with the polymer resin (Cyanate ester) by the infiltration process. This resin infiltration is also implemented by the inkjet printing process right after the Ah03 film ink-jetting process. The microstructures of the printed $Al_2O_3$ films are investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to understand the degree of packing density in the printed films. The inkjet-printed $Al_2O_3$ films have been characterized to investigate its thickness and roughness. Quality factor of the printed $Al_2O_3$ film is also measured to be over 300 at 1MHz.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.314-318
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 습식 코팅 방식 중 하나인 다층박막적층법의 자동화 시스템을 제작하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서 제안한 자동화 시스템은 다층박막적층법의 공정 변수(예를 들어, 증착 재료, 코팅 깊이, 코팅 및 헹굼 시간)를 제어함으로써 손으로 작업하는 것과 동일한 변수 조작이 가능하게 설계되었다. 자동화 시스템을 통해 기판을 완벽하게 용액 안으로 침액시킬 수 있으며, 이를 통해 특별한 분자간 결합(예를 들어, 정전기적 인력, 공유 및 수소 결합)을 통해 기판 위에 균일한 다층의 박막 형성이 가능하다. 두 종류 이상의 용액으로 기판이 침액될 때, 이 기판은 다른 용액으로 이동되기 전에 청소 구역에서 헹굼과 건조 과정을 거친다. 이러한 담금, 헹굼, 건조 과정은 모두 컴퓨터 프로그램에 의해 제어 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 자동화 시스템을 통해 그래핀을 기반으로 하는 다층박막 샘플을 제작하였고, 균일한 그래핀의 적층 여부를 분석하기 위해 제작된 샘플의 흡광도와 두께를 측정하였다. 기판 위에 그래핀과 고분자 층의 적층이 진행될수록 흡광도와 두께가 균일하게 증가하는 결과를 통해, 본 연구에서 제작한 자동화 시스템이 수작업을 통한 다층박막의 적층을 완벽하게 대체 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.124-130
• /
• 2014

In a mass manufacturing system of optical fibers, the sufficient cooling of glass fibers freshly drawn from a draw furnace is essential, asinadequately cooled glass fibers can lead to poor resin coating on the fiber surface and possibly fiber breakage during the process. In order to improve fiber cooling at a high drawing speed, it is common to use a helium injection into a glass fiber cooling unit in spite of the high cost of the helium supply. The present numerical analysis carried out three-dimensional thermo-fluid computations of the cooling gas flow and heat transfer on moving glass fiber to determine the cooling performance of glass fiber cooling depending on the method of helium injection. The results showed that afront injection of helium is most effective compared to a uniform or rear injection for reducing air entrainment into the unit and thus cooling the glass fibers at a high fiber drawing speed. However, above a certain amount of injected helium, there was no more increase of the cooling effect regardless of the helium injection method.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제34권9호
• /
• pp.1227-1233
• /
• 2010

가스터빈엔진 내의 블레이드에서는 표면에 외부의 찬 공기를 흘려주는 작은 냉각 홀들을 가공하고 열 차단 코팅시스템을 코팅하는 방법으로 기지금속을 고온에서 보호한다. 열 차단 코팅은 열피로 과정에서 산화막의 성장 및 접합층과 산화막의 열팽창계수의 불일치로 산화막내부에 잔류응력이 발생하며 궁극적으로 코팅층의 분리를 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 내열합금 시편 표면에 작은 홀을 가공하여 여러 가지 고온 유지 조건에서 열 및 기계적 피로 시험을 수행하여 홀 주위의 산화막의 변형을 관찰하였다. 실험결과 기계적 피로가 홀 주위의 산화막의 변형에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 동일한 산화막 두께에서 고온 유지 시간이 짧을수록 변형이 쉽게 발생 하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 홀 주위 산화막의 응력해석을 위한 이론적인 연구도 시도되었다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.50-58
• /
• 1998

Polysulfone 재질의 다공성 평판막 및 실관막에 키토산 피막층을 형성시킨 후 반응성 염료인 Cibacron Blue 3GA를 고정화시켜 human serum albumin(HSA)의 결합용량이 최대 70 $\mu{g/cm}^2$인 단백질 친화성 막을 제조하였다. 친화성 평판막 모듈을 대상으로 HSA에 대한 용출 크로마토그래피 실험을 수행하여 eluent 용액의 최적 환경조건을 결정하였는바, 1M KCl이 첨가된 농도 0.06 M, pH 10의 universal buffer를 eluent로 사용했을 때 리간드와 결합된 단백질의 용출이 가장 우수하였다. 친화성 평판막 및 실관막 모듈을 대상으로 HSA의 전열 크로마토그래피 실험을 수행하여 단백질에 대한 동적 결합용량을 측정하였다. 이 결과 동적 결합용량은 평판막 모듈의 경우에는 loading 용액의 유량과 HSA의 농도가 증가함에 따라 평형 결합용량 값으로부터 크게 감소하였으나, 실관막 모듈의 경우에는 loading 용액의 유량과 HSA의 농도에 관계없이 항상 평형 결합용량 수준을 유지하였는바, 따라서 실관막 모듈이 평판막 모듈보다 단백질 친화성 크로마토그래피 분리관으로서 더 효과적이었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.227-231
• /
• 2007

Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited onto the Polyethersulfone (PES) substrate by using a magnetron sputter type negative metal ion source. In order to investigate the influence of cesium (Cs) partial pressure during deposition and annealing temperature on the optoelectrical properties of ITO/PES film the films were deposited under different Cs partial pressures and post deposition annealed under different annealing temperature from $100^{\circ}C$ to $170^{\circ}C$ for 20 min at $3\;{\times}\;10^{-1}$ Pa. Optoeleetrical properties of ITO films deposited without intentional substrate heating was influenced strongly by the Cs partial pressure and the Cs partial pressure of $1.5\;{\times}\;10^{-3}$ Pa was characterized as an optimal Cs flow condition. By increasing post-deposition vacuum annealing temperature both optical transmission in visible light region and electrical conductivity of ITO films were increased. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) micrographs showed that the surface roughness also varied with post-deposition vacuum annealing temperature.