• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.184-188
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• 2000

HMG-CoA reductase is th rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. As intracellular levels of cholesterol should be regulated elaborately in response to external stimuli an internal needs, the expression of the HMG-CoA reductase gene is regulated intricately at several different levels from transcription to post-translational modification. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase gene expression at the post-transcriptional/pre-translational levels in a baby hamster kidney cell line, C100. when 25-hydroxycholesterol was added to cells cultured in medium containing 5% delipidized fetal bovine serum and 25$\mu$M lovastatin, the levels of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA decreased rapidly, which seemed to be due to the increased degradation of reductase mRNA. These suppressive effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol on MG-CoA reductase mRNA levels were blocked by a translation inhibitor, cycloheximide. Similarly, actinomycin D and 5,6-dichloro-1-$\beta$-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, transcription inhibitors, blocked the 25-hydroxycholesterol-mediated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA. These results indicate that new protein/RNA synthesis is required for the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA. In addition, data from the transfection experiments shows that cis-acting determinants, regulating the stability of reductase mRNA, were scattered in the sequence corresponding to 1766-4313 based on the sequence of Syrian hamster HMG-CoA reductase cDNA. Our data suggests that sterol-mediated destabilization of reductase mRNA might be one of the important regulatory mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase gene expression.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of skill and distance factors on CoP (Center of pressure) and CoM (Center of mass) during golf putting. Method: 38 golfers were participated in this study. 8 motion capture cameras (250 Hz) and 2 force plates (1,000 Hz) were used to collect CoP and CoM during 2 m and 3 m of distance golf putting. To identify main effect and interaction effect, it was performed Two-Way ANOVA at a significant level of a .05. Results: In the novice group, CoP distance was significantly difference in the A/P direction and main effect between skill level and distance. Both groups indicated that CoP distance was significantly different and main effect between skill level and distance in the M/L direction. Finally, both groups showed that CoM was significantly different and main effect between skill level and distance in the M/L direction. Conclusion: Therefore, novice golfers are expected to be able to perform more accurate and proper putting exercise through the practice of minimizing the center of mass(CoM) and center of pressure (CoP) in the M/L direction, which is the pendulum movement of the putter head.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.310-315
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• 1995

The heterobimetallic anion, (OC)5CrMn(CO)5-M+ (M+=Na+, PPN+), which has a donor-acceptor metal-metal bond1, was reacted with allyl bromide to yield BrCr(CO)5- and Mn(CO)5(CH2CHCH2). The reaction mechanism has been proposed in terms of the consecutive reaction pathway in which Cr(CO)5(THF) is an important intermediate leading to the corresponding product. Counterion effect on this reaction was also evaluated and the results were compared with those of the corresponding reaction of the mononuclear carbonyl anion, Mn(CO)5-.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2005

This research was carried out to elucidate the photosnthesis, respiration, and intercellullar $CO_2$ concentration of Kalopanax pictus leaves. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The light compensation points in leaves of Kalopanax pictus seedlings were in the following order; the upper ($34{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) middle ($29{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) lower leaves ($24{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). The light saturated points were at $800{\sim}1200{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in the upper leaves and $400{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in the middle and lower leaves. At the light saturated points, the net photosynthesis rate was in the following order; the upper ($11.1{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) middle ($5.15{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) lower leaves ($4.01{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). The light use efficiency was in the following order; the upper ($0.041{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;{\mu}mol^{-1}$) middle ($0.040{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;{\mu}mol^{-1}$) lower leaves ($0.039{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;{\mu}mol^{-1}$). 2. In the upper leaves of Kalopanax pictus seedlings, the stomatal conductance increased continuously with increasing light intensity. In the middle and lower leaves, it was saturated at $400{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$. 3. In the upper, middle and lower leaves of Kalopanax pictus seedlings, the intercellular $CO_2$ concentration/the atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration ($C_i/C_a$) ratio rapidly decreased to $600{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and then showed a constant values. 4. In the upper leaves of Kalopanax pictus seedlings, the photorespiration rate was $3.34{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and $CO_2$ compensation point was $48.7{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$. Dark respiration rate increased exponentially with increasing leaf temperature, and the photorespiration rate was 2.4 times higher than dark respiration rate.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.132-137
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• 2017

This paper proposes a transformation method of the zero moment point (ZMP) and the center of mass (CoM) from one walking pattern to other patterns by considering the structure of a robot or walking situations in real time. In general, a humanoid robot has own structure characteristics like height and mass. The structure characteristics make the given CoM/ZMP walking pattern of one human or one humanoid robot to be difficult to apply to other robot directly. For this purpose, we analyze the characteristics of walking patterns according to the step length, duration of walking support phase and the CoM height by using the cart-table model as the simple humanoid robot model. A transformation equation is derived from the analyzation and it is verified with simulation.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.214.2-214.2
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• 2003

Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3",4",6-trimethoxyflavone) is an active ingredient of an ethanol extract of Artemisia asiatica (DA-9601) that is used in the treatment of gastritis. In vitro and in vivo metabolism of eupatilin in the rats has been studied by LC- electrospray mass spectrometry. Rat liver microsomal incubation of eupatilin in the presence of NADPH and UDPGA resulted in the formation of four metabolites (M1-M4). M1, M2, M3 and M4 were tentatively identified as 3"- or- 4"-O-demethyl-eupatilin glucuronide, eupatilin glucuronide, 6-O-demethyleupatilin and 3"-or 4"-O-demethyl- eupatilin glucuronide, eupatilin glucuronide, 6-O-demethyleupatilin and 3"-or 4"-O- demethyl-eupatilin glucuronide, eupatilin glucuronide, 6-O demethyleupatilin and 3"-or 4"-O-demethyl-eupatilin glucuronide, respectively. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2001

This study was carried out to know the effect of light intensity, temperature and $CO_2$ concentration on photosynthesis and transpiration in yacon(Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp.& Endl.). Light compensation point was ${58\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$and light saturation point was ${1708\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$. Transpiration rate was increased to about 4 mmol${m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$ with increasing of light intensity to ${2193\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis was ${24^{\circ}C}$ in air. Photosynthesis was gradually reduced as transpiration rate increased from 4 to 8 mmol ${m^{-2}\;s^{-1}}$ in different air temperature. $CO_2$ compensation point was 63 vpm and $CO_2$ saturation point was 1155 vpm and light saturation point was enhanced with increasing of $CO_2$ concentration from 350 vpm to 1300 vpm.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

This study was carried out to know the effect of light intensity, temperature and $CO_2$ concentration on photosynthesis and transpiration in Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Light compensation point was $2.4\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and light saturation point was $1033\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis was $25^{\circ}C$ at $1000\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ light intensity. $CO_2$ compensation point was 67 vpm and $CO_2$ saturation point was 707 vpm. Transpiration rate was increased to about $2\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ with increasing of light intensity to $1750\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and to above $4\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ with increasing of temperature from $18^{\circ}C$ to $36^{\circ}C$. however It was gradually reduced as $CO_2$ concentration increased from 21 vpm to 800 vpm.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5037-5041
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• 2015

Background: An hCG regression curve has been used to predict the natural history and response to chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic disease. We constructed hCG regression curves in high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treated with EMA/CO and identified an optimal hCG level to detect EMA/CO resistance in GTN. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one women with GTN treated with EMA/CO were classified as primary high-risk GTN (n = 65) and single agent-resistance GTN (n = 16). The hCG levels prior to each course of chemotherapy were plotted in the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles to construct the hCG regression curves. Diagnostic performance was evaluated for an optimal cut-off value. Results: The median hCG levels were 264,482 mIU/mL mIU/mL and 495.5 mIU/mL mIU/mL for primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance GTN, respectively. The 50th percentile of the hCG level in primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance turned to normal before the 4th and the 2nd course of chemotherapy, respectively. The 90th percentile of the hCG level in primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance turned to normal before the 9th and the 2nd course of chemotherapy, respectively. The hCG level of ${\geq}118.6mIU/mL$ mIU/mL at the 5thcourse of EMA/CO predicted the EMA/CO resistance in primary high-risk GTN patients with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: EMA/CO resistance in primary high-risk GTN can be predicted by using an hCG regression curve in combination with the cut-off value of 118.6 mIU/mL at the 5thcourse of chemotherapy.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1523-1527
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• 2018

The thermal stability, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of $Gd_{55}Co_{35}M_{10}$ (M = Si, Zr and Nb) melts-pun ribbons were studied. The relatively high reduced glass transition temperature ($T_{x1}/T_m$ > 0.60) and low melting point ($T_m$) resulted in excellent glass forming ability (GFA). The Curie temperatures ($T_C$) of melt-spun amorphous ribbons $Gd_{55}Co_{35}M_{10}$ for M = Si, Zr and Nb were 166, 148 and 173 K, respectively. For a magnetic field change of 2 T, the values of maximum magnetic entropy change $(-{\Delta}S_M)^{max}$ for $Gd_{55}Co_{35}Si_{10}$, $Gd_{55}Co_{35}Zr_{10}$ and $Gd_{55}Co_{35}Nb_{10}$ were found to be 2.86, 4.28 and $4.05J\;kg^{-1}K^{-1}$, while the refrigeration capacity (RC) values were 154, 274 and $174J\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The $RC_{FWHM}$ values of amorphous alloys $Gd_{55}Co_{35}M_{10}$ (M = Si, Zr and Nb) are comparable to or larger than that of $LaFe_{11.6}Si_{1.4}$ crystalline alloy. Large values of $(-{\Delta}S_M)^{max}$ and RC along with good thermal stability make $Gd_{55}Co_{35}M_{10}$ (M = Si, Zr and Nb) amorphous alloys be potential materials for magnetic cooling operating in a wide temperature range from 150 to 175 K, e.g., as part of a gas liquefaction process.