• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.602-608
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• 1997

향신료인 clove(Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb)를 액체배지에 첨가하여 2종류의 식중독세균(Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311)의 증식과 저온저장중 생존에 미치는 항균효과를 조사하였다. 저농도(0~0.5%, w/v)의 clove를 액체배지(TSB)에 첨가하여 L. monocytogenes와 Sal. typhimurium을 $10^{5}$~$10^{7}$ cell/ml 가 되게 접종한 후, 35$^{\circ}C$에서의 증식과 냉장(5$^{\circ}C$) 및 냉동(-2$0^{\circ}C$)저장중 생존억제효과를 생균수의 변화로서 조사하였다. 35$^{\circ}C$에서의 L. monocytogenes의 증식은 clove 0.1% 첨가시에 약 6시간의 유도기를 거친 후에 증식이 시작되었으나 0.3%에서는 1.4 log cycle, 0.5%에서는 3.3 log cycle 감소한 후에 거의 일정 수준을 유지하였다. 35$^{\circ}C$에서 Sal. typhimurium의 증식은 clove의 농도가 높을수록 생균수의 감소가 컸으며 긴 유도기를 거친 후에 증식하였다. 5$^{\circ}C$에서 냉장한 경우에, L. monocytogenes는 control과 0.1%의 clove농도에서는 6일간의 유도기를 거친 후에 증식하였으나 0.2%이상에서는 clove의 농도에 비례하여 생균수는 감소하였다. Sal. typhimurium을 5$^{\circ}C$에 냉장한 경우, clove의 농도에 비례하여 생존이 억제되고 0.2%이상의 농도에서는 저장중 사멸하였다. -2$0^{\circ}C$에 동결저장하였을 때, L. monocytogenes와 Sal. typhimurium은 저장초기의 3일간 4 log cycle 이상 급격히 감소하여 우수한 항균효과를 나타내었으며 첨가한 clove의 농도는 항균활성에 큰 영향을 미치지 아니하였다.다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1998

The antibacterial activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb) in culture troth against S. aureus was tested at 35, 5, -20, 50, 55 and 60$^{\circ}C$. Tryptic soy broth(TSB) containing 0∼0.5%(w/v) of clove was inoculated with 105∼107 CFU/ml of S. aureus and incubated at each temperature. The growth of S. aureus occured at 0.1% clove after a prolonged lag period while viable cells of S. aureus decreased more than 2 log cycles at 0.3 and 0.4% clove during 12 hours storage at 35$^{\circ}C$. During 32 days of refrigerated storage at 5$^{\circ}C$, survivors of S. aureus were decreased with the progress of time and increasing clove concentration. At the presence of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% clove, bacterial cells were dead after 32, 20 and 16 days of refrigerated storage, respectively. During 32 days of frozen storage at -20$^{\circ}C$, survivors of S. aureus were decreased less than 0.5 log cycle at 0% clove. At the presence of 0.1∼0.4% clove, survivors were decreased 2.5∼3.0 log cycles after 1 day and then decreased 0.4∼0.8 log cycles through the frozen storage. There were small changes in populations of S. aureus in TSB between different concentrations of clove during frozen storage. The D-values of S. aureus at clove 0, 0,2, 0.4% were 28.53, 15.14, 8.9 min at 50$^{\circ}C$, 18.43, 10.32, 6.74 min at 55$^{\circ}C$ and 12.78, 9.88, 5.72 min at 60$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The D-values for S. aureus were decreased with the increasing temperature and clove concentration.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.241-243
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• 2007

Antifungal activities of clove essential oil and its volatile vapour against dermatophytic fungi including Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum. Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum were investigated. Both clove essential oil and its volatile vapour strongly inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth of the dermatophytic fungi tested. The volatile vapour of clove essential oil showed fungistatic activity whereas direct application of clove essential oil showed fungicidal activity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2007

To determine the effects of anesthesia to clove oil on the secondary stress indices, changes in haematological and blood chemistry were monitored in healthy crucian carps (Carassius auratus). 24 fishes were divided into three groups, and blood was collected before anaesthesia (control group), immediately after anaesthesia at a concentration of 30 mg/l clove oil (anesthetized group), and 24 h after anaesthesia (recovered group). The anesthesia to clove oil significantly increased glucose in anaesthetized group, and constantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase in anaesthetized group and recovered group. However, clove oil had not effect on other biochemical indices. These results suggests that the anesthetic use of clove oil at a concentration of 30 mg/l does not cause irreversible damage in carp.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of clove extract (CE) (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) on the oxidative stability and quality deterioration of Chinese-style sausage stored for 21 d at $4^{\circ}C$. The addition of clove extract to sausages significantly retarded increases in Thiobarbituric Reactive Substances (TBARS) values (p<0.05), while also controlling the production of protein carbonyls (p<0.05). However, the addition of clove extract promoted reduced thiol group content in sausages (p<0.05). Sausages amended with clove extract also had decreased $L^*$ values (p<0.05) and increased $a^*$ values (p<0.05) when compared with the control. Similarly, texture deterioration was retarded in sausage containing added clove extract when compared with the control during refrigerated storage. Moreover, the addition of clove extract had no negative effects on the sensory properties of sausages. These results suggested that clove extract was effective at protecting sausages from oxidation and quality deterioration during refrigerated storage for 21 d.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1998

저농도의 clove(0~0.5%, w/v)를 함유한 tryptic soy broth(TSB)에 E. coli 0157:H7을 $10^{*}$ 5-$10^{*}$ 7 cells/ml되게 접종하여 clove가 E. coli의 증식과 생존에 미치는 효과를 이 세균의 최적온도($35^{\circ}C$)와 저온(-20, $5^{\circ}C$) 및 고온(50, $55^{\circ}C$)에서 검토하였다. $35^{\circ}C$에서의 E. coli의 증식은 0.1%의 clove 농도에서 배양초기부터 빠른 속도로 종식하였으나 0.3%에서는 약간의 유도기를 거친 후에 증식이 시작되었고 0.5%에서는 저장기간 중생균수가 감소하였다. Clove를 함유한 TSB에 $10^{*}$ 6~$10^{*}$ 7 cells/ml가 되게 E. coli를 접종하여 32일간 저온저장(-20, $5^{\circ}C$)하였을 때 E. coli에 대한 생존억제는 냉장에서 clove의 농도가 높을수록, 저장기간이 길어질수록 뚜렷해졌으며 0.3%와 0.4%에서는 각각 저장 32일, 24일에 사멸하였다. -2$0^{\circ}C$에서 동결저장한 경우에는 저장초기의 4일간 2.9~4.07 log cycle의 급격한 감소를 나타내었으며 이후부터 32일간 저장하는 동안 1.0~2.1 log cycle 감소하였고 첨가한 clove의 농도차이 에 따른 생존억제효과는 약간의 차이 에 불과하였다. $50^{\circ}C$에 저장한 E. coli는 clove농도 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%에서 D-value는 각각 105.26, 22.47, 13.76, 11.14, 10.17분이었으며 $55^{\circ}C$에서 D-value는 clove의 농도 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%에서 각각 10.75, 8.95, 7.40, 5.96, 4.96분이었다. Clove에 의한 생존억제작용은 $55^{\circ}C$에 비하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 뚜렷한 효과를 나타내었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the physiological response and the applicable concentration ranges of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl, and to investigate the synergistic effect of a mixture of these two anesthetics on the in grass puffer (Takifugu niphobles). The anesthesia times decreased and the recovery times increased with increasing concentrations of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl. Applicable concentration ranges for long-term transportation requiring more than 1 hour were 2 ppm for clove oil and 50 ppm for lidocaine-HCl. With mixtures of the two anesthetics, the anesthesia time decreased as the admixture concentration of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl increased. Anesthesia times of experimental groups with the combined anesthetics were shorter than those with the same concentrations of clove oil or lidocaine-HCl alone. Plasma cortisol concentrations were highest at 6 hours in all experimental groups anesthetized with the mixture of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl, while all groups with clove oil or lidocaine-HCl alone had the highest plasma cortisol concentrations at 12 hours. Plasma glucose concentrations were highest at 12 hours in experimental groups anesthetized with the mixture of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl, while groups with clove oil or lidocaine-HCl alone had the highest plasma glucose at 24 hours. The results of this study provide basic information about anesthetics and the synergistic effect of mixtures of anesthetics in this fish species. This information should be useful for aquaculturists who require methods for safe and easy fish handling, and for transporters who require that minimal stress is imposed on fish during transport.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2001

Upright positioning of garlic cloves has been considered as an essential process for mechanical planting because positioning affects the quality and yield of garlic production. Due to the geometrical uniqueness and irregularity of garlic cloves in shape, the planting operation has been conducted by manual. Manual planting requires intensive labors and high production cost. The overall Boal of this research was to develop a garlic clove planter which maintains a garlic clone upright. Specific objective was investigating planting condition and physical properties of garlic clove. The results were summarized as fellows : Based on the survey results, a garlic clove planter should have a planting capacity of at least 140 cloves in a pyung (3.3m$^2$) with the row spacing of 140mm and hill spacing of 120mm for a productive cultivation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enteritidis as well as the sensory attributes of milk products supplemented with various concentrations (control, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of clove oil. In this study, clove oil was shown to have strong antibacterial activities. In addition, all the samples were assessed by ten researchers trained in five sensory attributes, namely, taste, flavor, color, texture, and overall acceptability. Compared to the control, 5% clove oil supplemented was the best in market milk, while in yogurt and kefir, 1.0% supplementation was the best. In terms of sensory attributes, the low score of color and flavor of market milk, yogurt, and kefir is attributed to the characteristics of the supplemented clove oil. Consequently, this study presents the possibility of producing bio-functional milk products supplemented with clove oil, and for controlling the growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in milk products using clove oil.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2016

The optimum concentrations of clove oil as an anesthetic for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and the stress response of the fish to clove oil anesthesia were determined over a range of water temperatures, and investigated in a simulated transport experiment using analysis of various water and physiological parameters. While the time for induction of anesthesia decreased significantly as both the concentration of clove oil and water temperature increased, the recovery time increased significantly (P<0.05). The plasma cortisol concentration in fish at each temperature increased significantly up to 12 h following exposure (P<0.05), then decreased to 48 h (P<0.05). The DO dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH values, and the fish respiratory frequencies decreased over 6 h following exposure to clove oil in all experimental groups (P<0.05), whereas the $NH_4{^+}$ and $CO_2$ concentrations in all experimental groups increased up to 6 h (P<0.05). The pH values and DO concentrations increased with increasing clove oil concentration (P<0.05) in the 6 h following exposure, and the $CO_2$ and $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations and the respiratory frequencies decreased with increasing clove oil concentration (P<0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that clove oil reduced the metabolic activity of olive flounder, thus reducing $NH_4{^+}$ excretion and $O_2$ consumption. In conclusion, clove oil appears to be a cost-effective and efficient anesthetic that is safe for use and non-toxic to the fish and users. Its use provides the potential for improved transportation of olive flounder.