• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts of 38 vegetables were subjected to an in vitro screening for their growth-inhibitory activities towards Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, Clostridium perfringens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, and Escherichia coli using paper disc agar diffusion methods under anaerobic conditions. The responses varied with both bacterial strain and vegetable species. In a test with 20 mg/disc, Zingiber officinale extracts showed significant growth-inhibitory responses against B. bifidum, and strong inhibitions against L. casei were detected in the extracts of Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum and Lactuca sativa. The extracts of Allium sativum, Capsicum annuum, L. esculentum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, and Z. officinale showed strong inhibitory activities against C. perfringens, while moderate growth-inhibitory responses were observed in the extracts of C. ffutescens, Cucurbita moschata, Daucus carota var. sativa, and Rubus coreanus. However, all vegetable extracts showed no inhibitions against B. longum, L. acidophilus, and E. coli. In tests with 5 mg/disc, moderate inhibitions were observed in the extracts of C. coronarium var. spatiosum and L. sativa against L. casei and Z. officinale against B. bifidum. Vegetables extracts, except for C. coronarium var. spatiosum, L. sativa, and Z. officinale, did not affect the growth of beneficial bacteria. Strong inhibitory responses against C. perfringens were detected in the extracts of C. annuum and L. esculentum var. cerasiforme. Daily intake of vegetables may be important in the prevention of human diseases caused by the intestinal bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2005

The bacteria on the surface of slaughtered meat was monitored to investigate the relationships between microbiological quality and sanitation management in slaughter process of cattle and pig. It was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality on the surface of slaughtered beef and pork in Seoul from January to December 2004. Two hundred and thirty three beef and 233 pork carcasses were surveyed on generic E coli counts and standard plate count for microbiological quality and Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and E coli O157: H7 as pathogenic microorganisms. The prevalence of the excellent or good grade $(10^4\;CFU/cm^2)$ in beef and pork carcasses were $100\%\; and\;99.2\%$, respectively. The frequency of beef carcasses with less than $10^2\;CFU/cm^2$ of generic I coli counts was $100\%$, while that of pork carcasses was $99.6\%$. Of 233 beef carcasses, $1(0.42\%)$ was contaminated with L monocytogenes and $6(2.58\%)$ with C perfringens. Of 233 pork carcasses, $11(4.72\%),\;2(0.86\%),\;and\;2(0.86\%)$ were contaminated with L monocytogenes, C perfringens, and S aureus, respectively, Salmonella spp and E coli O157:H7 were not detected with all of the beef and pork carcasses. In conclusion, this study emphasized the Importance of relationship between microbiological quality and sanitation management in slaughter process of cattle and pig, in abattoirs.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.202-204
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• 1999

Methanol extracts of leaves from 15 Pinus species belonging to the family Pinaceae were tested for their in vitro growth-inhibiting activities against 10 bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of human, using impregnated paper disk methods. The inhibitory activities varied with both bacterial strain and Pinus species used. At a concentration of 10 mg/disk, a clear growth inhibition was produced from the extracts of Pinus armandii, P. banksiana, P. bungeana, P. densiflora, P. rigida, and P. thunbergii against Clostridium perfringens, whereas all Pinus samples revealed weak or little growth-inhibiting activity against Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. At 5 mg/disk, the extracts of P. banksiana and P. thunbergii exhibited potent growth inhibition toward C. perfringens. All the extracts except the one from P. densiflora did not adversely affect growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. longum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. animalis, and Lactobacillus casei. The growth-inhibiting activity was more pronounced in C. perfringens, as compared to the lactic acid-producing bacteria. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological activities of these Pinus species.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2007

Extracts of 13 medicinal plants were tested to investigate the improvable effects on microflora growth in the intestines of human. Water extracts of Artemisia capillaris, Taraxacum platycarpum and Ethanol extracts of Allium tuberosum, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia vulgaris, Plantago asiatica, Schizandra chinensis, Sedum sarmentosum, Taraxacum platycarpum, Zingiber officinale inhibited the growth of C. perfringens. Water and ethanol extracts of Sedum sarmentosum, Schizandra chinensis inhibited the growth of E. coli. While 13 medicinal plants were not remarkably inhibited the growth of B. longum. Therefore, ethanol extracts of Schizandra chinensis, Sedum sarmentosum can be utilized as functional food materials to improve in the intestines.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

This study was performed to investigate infectious gastrointestinal diseases in 115 Korean cats (83 indoors and 32 outdoors) with digestive signs such as diarrhea, anorexia or abdominal distention. Detection of infectious pathogens was analyzed using real-time PCR. As a result, 85 of 115 Korean cats were detected with feline corona virus (FCoV), feline parvo virus, Group A rotavirus, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), Campylobacter coli (C. coli), Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Tritrichomonas foetus, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Giardia lamblia. The most frequently detected pathogen was C. perfringens (52 cats, 61.2%), followed by FCoV (43 cats, 50.6%) and C. coli (16 cats, 18.8%). Also, single infection was the most common (43 cats), followed by double infection in 31 cats, triple infection in 7 cats, and quadruple infection in 4 cats. There was no significant relationship between pathogen detection and age, gender, living environment, weather, and diarrhea. However, there was a significant difference between the age group under 1 year and the age group 1~7 (P value<0.05). In this study, cats with suspected gastrointestinal infection were randomly evaluated, and other factors that could affect pathogen detection were insufficiently considered. For this reason, additional epidemiological investigations with a larger number of cats and sufficient consideration of the causes that may affect the results are needed. Nevertheless, it is thought that this study can also provide valuable information on gastrointestinal pathogens in Korean cats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2022

In the event of an outbreak of a livestock epidemic, it has been considered that the existing burial-centered carcass disposal method should be improved ecofriendly for prevention of leachate and odors from burial basically in regard of pathogen inactivation. Therefore, the aim of this study is whether it was possible to treat the carcass of cattle and chickens using the chemical carcass treatment method. It was conducted to establish detailed treatment standards for the chemical treatment method of cattle and chicken carcasses based on the results of the proof of the absence of infectious diseases in cattle chickens. After inoculating cattle carcass with 10 pathogens (foot and mouth disease virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, Brucella abortus, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium) and chicken carcasses with low pathogenic avian influenza virus, Clostridium perfringens type C, E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, these were treated at 90℃ for 5 hours in a potassium hydroxide liquid solution corresponding to 15% of the body weight. This method liquefies all cadaveric components and inactivates all inoculated pathogens by PCR and culture. Based on these results, it was possible to prove that chemical treatment of cattle and chicken carcasses is effective in killing pathogens and is a safe method without the risk of disease transmission. The chemical treatment method of livestock carcasses can be suggested as an alternative to the current domestic burial-centered livestock carcass treatment method, preventing environmental pollution, and contributing to public health.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2006

This study was carried out to survey the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in Sangshik products and their raw materials far the purpose of ensuring safety of those products in market, and establishing microbial regulatory standard. From 2002 to 2004, a total of 191 Sangshik products were purchased from market or mail-order sales, and major foodborne pathogens; E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, E. coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus were tested. B. cereus, C. perfringens and E. coli were detected from 29 samples (15.2%), 21 samples (11.0%) and 1 sample (0.5%), respectively. But other tested bacteria were not detected. For the identification of contamination source, 53 Sangshik ingredients were collected from 9 different manufacture factories. The results were similar with the Sangshik products. Aerobic plate counts were ranging from $1.0X10^3cfu/g\;to\;1.5X10^8cfu/g$. B. cereus was detected from 13 samples (24.5%), and counted as less than 100 cfu/g. C. perfringens were detected from 2 samples (3.8%), and counted as less than 100 cfu/g. Other foodborne pathogens were not detected except for B. cereus and C. perfringens. From the results, it was revealed that potential of microbial hazard by Sangshik was relatively low. However, it would be suggested that hygienic management and controling be needed for the prevention of growing contaminated pathogens and cross contamination during process and sale due to improper storage and management.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1701-1708
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• 2021

Food safety is the most important global health issue due to foodborne pathogens after consumption of contaminated food. Foodborne bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfringens are leading causes of the majority of foodborne illnesses and deaths. These foodborne pathogens often come from the livestock feces, thus, we analyzed fecal microbial communities of three different livestock species to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in livestock feces using metagenomics analysis. Our data showed that alpha diversities of microbial communities were different according to livestock species. The microbial diversity of cattle feces was higher than that of chicken or pig feces. Moreover, microbial communities were significantly different among these three livestock species (cattle, chicken, and pig). At the genus level, Staphylococcus and Clostridium were found in all livestock feces, with chicken feces having higher relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Clostridium than cattle and pig feces. Genera Bacillus, Campylobacter, and Vibrio were detected in cattle feces. Chicken samples contained Bacillus, Listeria, and Salmonella with low relative abundance. Other genera such as Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Helicobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas known to be opportunistic pathogens were also detected in cattle, chicken, and pig feces. Results of this study might be useful for controlling the spread of foodborne pathogens in farm environments known to provide natural sources of these microorganisms.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.775-784
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• 2021

After isolating the DIMO 52 strain with a large inhibition zone diameter for Clostridium perfringens and maximum butyric acid production from the fecal sample of a breastfeeding infant, it was identified as Clostidium butyricum. The maximum growth of the DIMO 52 strain was reached 24 h after inoculation, and the maximum butyric acid concentration was approximately 34.73±4.27 mM. The DIMO 52 strain survived approximately 67.5% of the initial inoculum at pH 2.0, and approximately 64.9% survived in RCM broth supplemented with 0.3% (w/v) oxgall. In addition, DIMO 52 showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli KCTC 2441 and Salmonella Typhimurium KCTC 1925. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, 1×10³ CFU/mL viable cells of the DIMO 52 strain also exhibited significant NO (nitric oxide) production inhibitory activity (33%, p<0.01). This result suggests that C. butyricum DIMO 52 has anti-inflammatory activity related to NO radical-scavenging activity. In conclusion, C. butyricum DIMO 52 isolated in this study has the potential to be used as a probiotic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

식품으로 인한 질병은 개인의 생명을 위협할 뿐 아니라 건전한 노동력의 상실로 생산성을 감소시키고 의료비를 증가시켜 개인의 행복 및 국가 경제에 부담을 준다 (Buzby et al. 1996, Mead et at. 2000). HACCP와 여러 식품안전에 관한 규제의 시행 등의 많은 노력에도 불구하고 Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus aureus, Camplobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus와 같은 식품기원 병원성 세균으로 인한 질병은 줄어들고 있지 않다. 오히려 외식 위주로 변해가는 생활습관은 식품을 통한 이들 병원성 세균의 전파가능성을 증가시키고 있다. 게다가 새로운 병원성균 (Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli 0157:H7, Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp.) 의 출현 또는 특정 식품과 연관되어 나타나는 특정 subtype (Salmonella serotype Enteritidis) 의 출현은 이제까지 통용되어왔던 식품기원 세균을 위한 제어프로그램과는 다른 각도로 재원을 활용해야 할 동기를 부여하고 있다.