Korean Journal of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Service (한국동물위생학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Epidemiologic investigation of gastrointestinal pathogens for Korean cats with digestive sign

  • Lee, Mi-Jin (Mammidr Corporation) ;
  • An, Fujin (Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Gijong (Royal Animal Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Jin-ho (Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2022.04.06
  • Accepted : 2022.06.16
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate infectious gastrointestinal diseases in 115 Korean cats (83 indoors and 32 outdoors) with digestive signs such as diarrhea, anorexia or abdominal distention. Detection of infectious pathogens was analyzed using real-time PCR. As a result, 85 of 115 Korean cats were detected with feline corona virus (FCoV), feline parvo virus, Group A rotavirus, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), Campylobacter coli (C. coli), Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Tritrichomonas foetus, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Giardia lamblia. The most frequently detected pathogen was C. perfringens (52 cats, 61.2%), followed by FCoV (43 cats, 50.6%) and C. coli (16 cats, 18.8%). Also, single infection was the most common (43 cats), followed by double infection in 31 cats, triple infection in 7 cats, and quadruple infection in 4 cats. There was no significant relationship between pathogen detection and age, gender, living environment, weather, and diarrhea. However, there was a significant difference between the age group under 1 year and the age group 1~7 (P value<0.05). In this study, cats with suspected gastrointestinal infection were randomly evaluated, and other factors that could affect pathogen detection were insufficiently considered. For this reason, additional epidemiological investigations with a larger number of cats and sufficient consideration of the causes that may affect the results are needed. Nevertheless, it is thought that this study can also provide valuable information on gastrointestinal pathogens in Korean cats.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by Project No. PJ01690702 from the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

References

  1. An DJ, Jeoung HY, Jeong W, Park JY, Lee MH, Park BK. 2011. Prevalence of Korean cats with natural feline coronavirus infections. Virol J 8: 455-461. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-455
  2. Antikainen J, Kantele A, Pakkanen SH, Laaveri T, Riutta J, Vaara M, Kirveskari J. 2013. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of 9 pathogens directly from stools of travelers with diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 11: 1300-1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2013.03.037
  3. Benetka V, Kubber-Heiss A, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Hofmann-Parisot M, Mostl K. 2004. Prevalence of feline coronavirus types I and II in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Microbiol 99: 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.07.010
  4. Chang HW, de Groot RJ, Egberink HF, Rottier PJ. 2010. Feline infectious peritonitis: insights into feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis and epidemiology based on genetic analysis of the viral 3c gene. J Gen Virol 91: 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.016485-0
  5. Cho SY. 2017. Identification and prevalence of enteric pathogenic agents in feces from dogs and cats with chronic diarrhea. MS. Thesis, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
  6. Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Marsilio F. 2019. Feline Virome-A review of novel enteric viruses detected in cats. Viruses 11: 908-931. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100908
  7. Durant JF, Irenge LM, Fogt-Wyrwas R, Dumont C, Doucet JP, Mignon B, Losson B, Gala JL. 2012. Duplex quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection and discrimination of the eggs of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) in soil and fecal samples. Parasit Vectors 5: 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-288
  8. Gong XH, Wu HY, Li J, Xiao WJ, Zhang X, Chen M, Teng Z, Pan H, Yuan ZA. 2018. Epidemiology, aetiology and seasonality of infectious diarrhea in adult outpatients through active surveillance in Shanghai, China, 2012-2016: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 8: e019699. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019699
  9. Greene CE. 2013. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier.
  10. Gruffydd-Jones T, Addie D, Belak S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H. 2013. Giardiasis in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 15: 650-652. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X13489232
  11. Hackett T, Lappin MR. 2003. Prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central Colorado. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39: 52-56. https://doi.org/10.5326/0390052
  12. Hora AS, Miyashiro SI, Cassiano FC, Brandao PE, Reche-Junior A, Pena HF. 2017. Report of the first clinical case of intestinal trichomoniasis caused by Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat with chronic diarrhoea in Brazil. BMC Vet Res 13: 109-113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1026-3
  13. Kim JS, Jang JI, Eom JS, Oh CH, Kim HG, Kim BH, Bang IS, Band SH, Park YK. 2013a. Molecular characterization of the InvE regulator in the secretion of type III secretion translocases in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microbiology 159: 446-461. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.061689-0
  14. Kim SG, Lee KI, Kim HJ, Park HM. 2013b. Prevalence of feline panleukopenia virus in stray and household cats in Seoul, Korea. J Vet Clin 30: 333-338.
  15. Lim S, Park SI, Ahn KS, Oh DS, Ryu JS, Shin SS. 2010. First report of feline intestinal trichomoniasis caused by Tritrichomonas foetus in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 48: 247-251. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.247
  16. Lin MH, Chen TC, Kuo TT, Tseng CC, Tseng CP. 2000. Real-time PCR for quantitative detection for Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol 38: 4121-4125. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.11.4121-4125.2000
  17. Liu J, Gratz J, Amour C, Kibiki G, Becker S, Janaki L, Verweij JJ, Taniuchi M, Sobuz SU, Haque R, Haverstick DM, Houpt ER. 2013. A laboratory developed TaqMan array card for simultaneous detection of 19 enteropathogens. J Clin Microbiol 51: 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02658-12
  18. Ma M, Ohtani K, Shimizu T, Misawa N. 2007. Detection of a group II intron without an open reading frame in the alpha-toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens isolated from a broiler chicken. J Bacteriol 189: 1633-1640. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01210-06
  19. Marks SL, Rankin S, Byrne BA, Weese J. 2011. Enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and control. J Vet Intern Med 25: 1195-1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00821.x
  20. Oh YI, Seo KW, Kim DH, Cheon DS. 2021. Prevalence, co-infection and seasonality of fecal enteropathogens from diarrheic cats in the Republic of Korea (2016-2019): a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res 17: 367-380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03075-6
  21. Paul A, Stayt J. 2019. The intestinal microbiome in dogs and cats with diarrhoea as detected by a faecal polymerase chain reaction-based panel in Perth, Western Australia. Aust Vet J 97: 418-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12867
  22. Silva ROS, Lobato FCF. 2015. Clostridium perfringens: a review of enteric diseases in dogs, cats and wild animals. Anaerobe 33: 14-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.01.006
  23. Songer JG. 2010. Clostridia as agents of zoonotic disease. Vet Microbiol 27: 399-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.07.003
  24. Streck AF, Ruster D, Truyen U, Homeier T. 2013. An updated TaqMan real-time PCR for canine and feline parvoviruses. J Virol Methods 193(1): 6-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.025
  25. Tangtrongsup S, Scorza V. 2010. Update on the diagnosis and management of Giardia spp. infections in dogs and cats. Top Companion Anim Med 25(3): 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2010.07.003
  26. Varma M, Hester JD, Schaefer FW 3rd, Ware MW, Alan Lindquist HD. 2003. Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis using a quantitative real-time PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods 53: 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00209-9
  27. Wilkes RP, Kania SA, Tsai YL, Lee PA, Chang HH, Ma LJ, Chang HG, Wang HT. 2015. Rapid and sensitive detection of feline immunodeficiency virus using an insulated isothermal PCR-based assay with a point-of-need PCR detection platform. J Vet Diagn Invest 27: 510-515. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638715593597
  28. Yao C. 2013. Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus-infected bulls, an ultimate approach to eradicate bovine trichomoniasis in US cattle? J Med Microbiol 62: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.047365-0