• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2001

Objectives: Alcohol intake has been reported to be a risk factor of laryngeal cancer. Since the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype is a major determinant of personal alcohol drinking habit, there is a possibility that ALDH2 genotype would be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a detoxifying enzyme and its polymorphism has been reported to be related to the risk of many environmental cancers. However, studies on the associations between these two genotypes and laryngeal cancer risk are scarce. We have assessed the effects of alcohol intake and the genotype of ALDH2 and NAT2 on the risk of laryngeal cancer in Koreans. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four pathologically proven laryngeal cancer patients and 168 age matched controls were included as the study subjects. Information about alcohol intake and smoking habit was collected using a self administered questionnaire. ALDH2 and NAT2 genotypes were analyzed using PCR-RFLP methods. Results: Alcohol intake was significant as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer (OR : 2.58, 95% CI : 1.24, 5.36), especially for supraglottic laryngeal cancer (OR : 3.24, 95% CI : 1.02, 10.31). Personal drinking habit was closely related with personal smoking habit, which was a potent risk factor of laryngeal cancer. In a stratified analysis according to the level of cumulative smoking amount, drinking was significant neither in light smokers (equal or less than 30 pack-years) nor in heavy smoker (over 30 pack-years). The ALDH2 genotype was significantly associated with the risk of laryngeal cancer in a univariate analysis. The statistical significance, however, disappeared after adjusting alcohol intake using a multiple conditional logistic model. The NAT2 genotype was not significant as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Conclusion: Alcohol drinking and ALDH2 genotype would have indirect effects on laryngeal cancer by their correlations with cigarette smoking or with alcohol drinking. It is less likely that the NAT2 genotype would be a potent risk factor of laryngeal cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2015

Use of forearm and hip joint bone density scan and find the clinical usefulness of the results that can be inferred as a result of any other region sites injured by a correction factor which if One part up. Groups of 60 patients, 10 patients by age 20-70 were composed of patients measured with the forearm and lumbar spine bone mineral density T-score and Z-score of the survey for each of the three factors that it was Find the correction factor to obtain the relationship. Bone mineral density of the correlation coefficient R = 0.8 correction factor is Y = 1.341X + 0.146. T-score of correlation coefficient R = 0.804 and the correction factor Y = 0.565X - 0.327 is Z-score of the correlation coefficient R = 0.637 correction factor Y = 0.539X - 0.225. It is regarded that there will be a clinical availability which can analogize the result of a part by using the result of the other part. It will be able to determine an auxiliary role in the clinical diagnosis. Correction factor to the equation Y = 1.341X + 0.146 is recommended.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.396-400
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• 2015

Pediatric stroke is relatively rare but may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Along with the advance of brain imaging technology and clinical awareness, diagnosis of pediatric stroke is increasing wordwide. Pediatric stroke differs from adults in variable risk factor/etiologies, diverse and nonspecific clinical presentation depending on ages. This review will be discussed pediatric stroke focusing on their clinical presentations, diagnosis and etiologies/risk factors.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.107-110
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• 2012

Partial trisomy 3p results from either unbalanced translocation or $de$ $novo$ duplication. Common clinical features consist of dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects, psychomotor and mental retardation, abnormal muscle tone, and hypoplastic genitalia. In this paper, we report a case of partial trisomy 3p with rare clinical manifestations. A full-term, female newborn was transferred to our clinic. She had cleft lip-plate, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hypertension, and severe right-sided hydronephrosis, associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Cytogenetic investigation revealed partial trisomy 3p; 46,XX,der(4)t(3;4)(p21.1;p16). The karyotype of her father showed a balanced translocation, t(3;4)(p21.1;p16). Therefore, the size of duplication can be an important factor.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Hereditary syndromes cause approximately 5 to 10% of overall cancer cases. Cancer related with genetic syndromes are found elsewhere, including stomach, breast, colorectum, ovary, brain and so on. Because hereditary cancers are due to germline mutations, these patients have unique clinical features distinct from sporadic cancer. Generally these features include (i) early age-of onset of cancer, (ii) frequent association with synchronous or metachronous tumors, (iii) frequent bilateral involvement in paired organs (iv) frequent association with other site tumors or characteristic clinical manifestation specific to each genetic syndrome. Due to these differences, the management strategy for patients with hereditary cancer is quite different from that for sporadic cancer. Additionally, there are important screening and surveillance implications for family members. Genetic counselling is prerequisite to these families for risk assessment by pedigree analysis, and guidance to clinical or genetic testing. The genes responsible for these syndromes has recently identified, as a result, genetic testing has become important determining factor in clinical decisions.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.36.1-36.7
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• 2023

Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a prognostic marker in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) however, its utility in canine HCC has not been explored. The aim of the study was to determine if PLR could predict survival outcomes in 42 dogs with HCC. PLR was not a significant predictive factor (p = 0.15) but lymphopenia alone was significantly correlated with a reduced probability of survival (p = 0.024). Further studies are needed to evaluate if peripheral lymphocyte count mirrors that of the tumor microenvironment in canine HCC.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.348-353
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• 2012

L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) is a cysteine prodrug that maintains glutathione in tissues. The present study was designed to investigate anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative effects of OTC via modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in an in vivo thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis model. Treatment with OTC (80 or 160 mg/kg) improved serum liver function parameters and significantly ameliorated liver fibrosis. The OTC treatment groups exhibited significantly lower expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$, and collagen ${\alpha}1$ mRNA than that in the TAA model group. Furthermore, the OTC treatment groups showed a significant decrease in hepatic malondialdehyde level compared to that in the TAA model group. Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression increased significantly in the OTC treatment groups compared with that in the TAA model group. Taken together, these results suggest that OTC restores the anti-oxidative system by upregulating Nrf2; thus, ameliorating liver injury and a fibrotic reaction.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 1995

The behavior of the correction factor associated with the collimator opening(head-scatter factor) were investigated for the 6MV x-ray beams of medical linear accelerator. The primary photon fluence was measured in air quasi-small fied size. Consideration in this study was given to the effect of head scatter factor with quasi-small fied size, the upper and lower collimator jaw scatter collection factors of quasi-small field (4-10cm) were measured with ion chamber. In general, the wedge factors which are used clinical practics are ignored of dependency on field sizes and depth. In wedge factors for each wedge filter were measured at various depth by using 6MV X-ray. In this present we inverstigated systematically the depth and field sizes dependency to determine the absorbed dose more accurately. Head scatter(upper-lower collimator jaw)appears to be (1) a small effect, less than 5％ over the range of clinical field sizes (2) generated primarily at the flattening filter and therefored influenced most by the upper collimator setting.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.64-76
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• 2016

The step-wise process of colorectal carcinogenesis from aberrant crypt foci, adenoma to adenocarcinoma, is relatively suitable for chemopreventive intervention. Accumulated evidences have revealed that maintaining an undifferentiated state (stemness), inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in this colon carcinogenesis process. However, appropriate molecular targets that are applicable to chemopreventive intervention regarding those three factors are still unclear. In this review, we summarized appropriate molecular targets by identification and validation of the prospective targets from a comprehensive overview of data that showed colon cancer preventive effects in clinical trials, epidemiological studies and basic research. We first selected a study that used aspirin, statins and metformin from FDA approved drugs, and epigallocatechin-gallate and curcumin from natural compounds as potential chemopreventive agents against colon cancer because these agents are considered to be promising chemopreventive agents. Experimental and observational data revealed that there are common target molecules in these potential chemopreventive agents: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), nuclear factor-&B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2). Moreover, these targets, TCF/LEF, NF-κB and NRF2, have been also indicated to suppress maintenance of the undifferentiated state, inflammation and oxidative stress, respectively. In the near future, novel promising candidate agents for colon cancer chemoprevention could be identified by integral evaluation of their effects on these three transcriptional activities.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2013

Purpose: The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) can be damaged as a result of minor oral surgical procedure such as third molar extraction or implant placement. Repair of the injured IAN involves difficulty of access, and research studies are limited to elucidating the process of regeneration by surgical methods. This study sought to establish the rabbit animal model to apply polymeric membrane functionalized with nerve growth factor after a crush lesion for the evaluation of nerve regeneration using the electrophysiologic method. Materials and Methods: The IAN of 2 adult male New Zealand white rabbits (4 nerves) were exposed bilaterally, and crush injury rendered by jeweler's forceps was applied. Nerve conduction velocity was examined electrophysiologically using electromyography before, after, and 4 weeks after the crush injury. To evaluate the regeneration, the pattern of action potential of IAN was recorded, and the characteristics of neurons were histologically observed. Result: After the crush injury, afferent activity decreased in the injured group. Electromyography could not be recorded after four weeks because tissues surrounding the injured nerve collapsed. Decrease in the mean number of axons was observed in the injured part with membrane. Conclusion: Despite the limited result, the present animal model study may provide a possible way to research on the methods of enhancing the recovery of nerve injuries in clinical situations. For clinically widespread acceptance, however, it should gain more consecutive and scientific evidences.