• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.713-722
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of two kinds of functional sun hats through a head-manikin test and a climatic chamber trial for farm workers in summer. Experiment was composed of four conditions. The first condition was the condition without any hat (Control). The second was the condition with a sun hat on the market (Hat A). The third was the condition with a functional sun hat made of reflective fabric (Hat B). The last was the condition with a functional sun hat having a ventilating structure as well as reflective fabric (Hat C). For the subjects in the climatic chamber trials, 12 healthy males volunteered. Air temperature, relative humidity and globe temperature in the chamber was maintained at $33{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}5%RH\;and\;39{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;(WBGT\;33^{\circ}C)$. Subjects did a simulated red pepper-work (50-min work and 10-min rest, twice repetition) for 120 min. As the result of head-manikin test, the surface temperature on middle of back-neck was the lowest in Hat B of four conditions and the surface temperature on top of head was the lowest in Hat C. As the result of climatic chamber trials, there were apparent differences between with (Hat A, Hat B, Hat C) and without a sun hat (Control). In rectal temperature ($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature ($\={T}_{sk}$), heart rate (HR), total sweat rate (TSR), The physiological heat strain was less in the condition with hats than in the condition without a sun hat. As the increasing rate in Tre, Hat B is the most effective hat for alleviation heat strain. As the subjective responses, Hat B was the most effective hat for thermal comfort even though the difference was not significant. Hat C was less effective than Hat B and the reason might be the increase of weight due to inserting the ventilating structure.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2011

This study was performed on 5 prehypertensive male participants to investigate the effects of the clothing program for improving the vascular compliance on heat tolerance. The clothing program means the alternate stimulation of the temperature using clothes. The participants wore two different garments with $1.5^{\circ}C$ difference in the temperature inside clothing in a climatic chamber ($18.8{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$, $38{\pm}3%RH$) alternately for 4 weeks. Heat tolerance tests were conducted in the climatic chamber of $35.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, $54{\pm}3%RH$ before and after the clothing program. The results were as follows. The $\overline{T}$sk, Tr and heart rate were lower in the post test than in the pre test (p<.01). The whole body and local sweat rates as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures had reduced the tendencies in the post test. Participants felt less wet and more comfortable in the post test than in the pre test(p<.01). These results showed that the clothing program through the alternate stimulation of the temperature positively affected the improvement of heat tolerance.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1176-1187
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of cooling vests developed for farm workers harvesting red pepper in summer. The study was performed using the following two steps: 1) Climatic chamber test, 2) Field test. For the chamber test, a work environment was simulated as $33^{\circ}C$ and $65\%$RH, and the thermo-physiological and subjective responses were measured with and without cooling vests. Twelve young males participated as subjects. For the field test, three farmers participated while harvesting red pepper on the form, in summer. The measurements used were same as in the chamber test. Subjects were tested without any cooling vests, as a control. They were tested wearing vests with 2 frozen gel packs (CV2: Cooling area, $308cm^2$), and vests with 4 frozen gel packs (CV4: Sooting area, $616cm^2$). As a result of the chamber test, rectal temperature($T_{re}$) and mean skin temperature( $T_{sk}$) were lower in both CVs than in Control, and this tendency was statistically significant in CV4 (p<.05). Clothing microclimate temperature ($T_{clo}$) and total sweat rate (TSR) were significantly lower when wearing cooling vests (p<.05) Heart rate (HR) was also lower in wearing cooling vests than in Control, and the speed of recovery to the comfort level was faster when the subjects wore cooling vests. In addition, subjects felt 'less hot, less humid, and less uncomfortable' in both CVs than in Control. Field tests showed a similar tendency with the chamber tests. In particular, wearing the cooling vest was effective in restraining the raise of $T_{clo}$ on the back. It can be concluded that the cooling vest was effective in alleviating heat strain and discomfort in both the chamber test and the field test, despite the cooling area of the cooling vest being just $3.4\%$ of the body surface area ($616cm^2$).

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

The ground high/low temperature test objective is to check the normal ground operation of FA-50 aircraft in the extreme ground ambient conditions. The aircraft was exposed in climatic conditions of the basic climatic category according to the MIL-HDBK-310. For verified normal operation in the extreme high temperature, the high temperature test was performed in the hot regional type conditions and accentuated solar radiation heat. This test was performed at the test chamber in ADD where is in Haemi. This paper was described about the test procedure of FA-50 high/low temperature including preparation, testing and results.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.246-268
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• 2019

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a species of legume native to East Asia. The interactions between climatic conditions and genetic characteristics are known to affect the agricultural performance of soybean. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to identify the main elements affecting the agricultural performances of 11 soybean varieties/lines from China [Harbin ($45^{\circ}12^{\prime}N$), Yanji ($42^{\circ}53^{\prime}N$), Dalian ($39^{\circ}30^{\prime}N$), Qingdao ($36^{\circ}26^{\prime}N$)] and the Republic of Korea [Suwon ($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$), and Jeonju ($35^{\circ}49^{\prime}N$)]. The days to flowering (DTF) of soybeans with the e1-nf and e1-as alleles and the E1e2e3e4 genotype, except in 'Keumgangkong', 'Tawonkong', and 'Duyoukong', were relatively short compared to those of soybeans with other alleles. Although DTF of the soybeans was highly correlated with all climatic conditions [negative: precipitation, average temperature (AVT), accumulated temperature; positive: day-length (DL)], days to maturity and 100-seed weight of the soybeans showed no significant correlation with any climatic conditions. The soybeans with a dominant Dt1 allele, except 'Tawonkong', had the longest stem length (STL). Moreover, STL of the soybeans grown in the test fields showed a positive correlation with only DL; however, the results of our chamber test that was conducted to complement the field tests showed that STL of soybean was positively affected by AVT and DL. Although soybean yield (YLD) showed positive correlations with latitude and DL (except L62-667, OT89-5, and OT89-6), the response of YLD to the climatic conditions was cultivar-specific. Our results show that DTF and STL of soybeans grown in six different latitudes are highly affected by DL, and AVT and genetic characteristic also affect DTF and STL.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2012

최근 기후변화에 따른 이상 기상현상이 증가하고 있는데, 특히 동절기의 혹한은 승객의 열적 쾌적성을 크게 저하할 우려가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 철도차량 실대형 환경챔버를 이용하여 저온 조건에서 철도차량의 난방장치 가동시 객실 내부의 온도변화 및 분포를 알아보았다. 실험결과 난방시스템 가동 직후에는 객실 내부온도가 급격하게 증가하였으나, 일정 시간 경과 후에는 더 이상 증가하지 않았으며, 객실의 위쪽이 아래쪽보다 온도가 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 승객의 온열 쾌적감 저하를 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of soccer wear with different materials and designs. As a beginning step, the questionnaire survey about the actual condition of soccer wears was conducted. with the results of the questinnaire, two soccer wears with new material and design that were improved in tactile sensations, absorption and ventilation were developed. We evaluated thermal and subjective responses of subjects wearing Korea national soccer team uniform in 1998 World Cup (Uniform 98), soccer wear with new material and same design(New II) and with new material and new design(New I). New I was made with mesh in armhole for improving ventilation. Rectal temperature, skin temperature, clothing microclimate, and heart rate were measured in climatic chamber test(twelve times) and field test(eighteen times). The results were as follows. 1. As the results of the climatic chamber test, rectal temperature was lower in New I and New II than Uniform98, and mean skin temperature was lower in New I than Uniform 98 and New II. Heart rate was lower in New I than New II, and total body weight loss and local sweating were not significantly different by soccer wears. 2. As the results of the field test, rectal temperature was lower in New I than Uniform98 and New II. Mean skin temperature was lower in New II than Uniform98 and New I. Clothing microclimate temperature was lower in New II than Uniform98 and New 1, and clothing microclimate humidity was lower in New I, New II than Uniform 98. Heart rate was lower in New I than Uniform 98, New II and total body weight loss and local sweating were lower in New I, New II than Uniform 98. In conclusion, New I using new design using mesh in armhole and new material using sweat absorbent finishing was excellent from the point of view of physical responses, ventilation and sweat absorption.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate preferred clothing selected by females for thermal comfort in follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) of the menstrual cycle. Eight healthy college students volunteered as subjects. They stayed for 60 minutes at $25^{\circ}C$, 55%RH (stage 1) for baseline followed by a 60 minute stay at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 55%RH (stage 2) in a climatic chamber. Obtained results were analyzed using paired t-test and repeated measures of ANOVA. Arm and hand skin temperatures were maintained higher in FP than in LP, while mean skin temperature did not show any significant difference between FP and LP. The subjects selected additional clothing faster in FP than in LP. Six of the subjects wore heavier clothing in FP than in LP, while two of them wore heavier in LP than in FP.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

Chilled Beam system is the kind of water-air system which reduces the conveyance energy for air conditioning as well as allows efficient installation and comfortable indoor environment, and has been increasingly popular mainly in Europe. To effectively install such Chilled Beam system domestically, it is necessary to develop the product considering domestic climatic condition and the requirements for air conditioning system, and particularly the way to deal with condensation during operation of cooling system in summer shall be provided. In this study, the optimal design on induction structure of Chilled Beam unit was carried out through a numerical method, and the performance test for the prototype of unit was conducted in a real-scale experiment facilities of Chilled Beam unit. While the flowrate of 1st air is 101.3 CMH, the pressure in pressure chamber is 158.7 Pa and the cooling capacities of 1st air side and 2nd air side are 498.1 W and 709.5 W respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5877-5884
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• 2014

최근 기후변화와 기상이변 등으로 동절기에 더욱 가혹한 기상 조건이 자주 보고되고 있다. 그러나, 철도차량의 난방용량은 이렇게 극도로 추운 기후환경에서는 객실을 난방하기에 충분하지 않은 경우가 많으며, 이는 난방에 대한 승객의 민원을 야기하는 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 외기 온도와 난방 출력이 객실 온도에 미치는 영향을 알아봄으로써 차량의 난방용량에 따른 운행 가능한 외기온도를 실험적으로 도출하고자 하였다. 실험방법으로는 우선 시험용 철도차량을 대형 기후환경 챔버에 넣고, 다양한 외기온도조건을 모사하였다. 난방 장치 출력의 영향은 난방 장치의 출력을 변화시키면서 객실의 온도를 측정하여 조사하였다. 외기온도가 $-10^{\circ}C$인 조건에서는 난방기의 출력을 최대로 한 경우에도 객실의 평균 온도는 $14.0^{\circ}C$에 불과하여, 동절기의 객실온도 최소 요구조건인 $18^{\circ}C$보다 훨씬 낮았으나, 외기 온도가 $0^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$인 경우의 객실온도는 각각 $26.1^{\circ}C$와 $34.0^{\circ}C$였다. 내삽법으로 계산한 결과 객실 내부 온도를 $18^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 유지할 수 있는 최저 외기온도는 $-6.7^{\circ}C$임을 알 수 있었다. 객실 내부에서의 수직 온도 차이는 난방기 출력이 높을수록, 외기온도가 높을수록 커서 10 K 이상 차이가 나는 경우도 있었다. 그러나, 수평 온도 차이는 난방기 출력이나 외기온도에 무관하게 최대 2 K 이하로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 따라서, 우수한 난방성능을 확보하기 위해서는 수직 온도 차이를 줄이는 것이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.