• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of cleansing action of irrigation solutions which are 3% hydrogen peroxide, 5% sodium hypochlorite and 15% EDTA solution on the root canal wall. After the root canal wall is enlarged with K-file in distilled water, the canal wall which is irrigated with each irrigant for 2 minutes, is compared with the. control group without using any irrigants. Each sample is dehydrated, and coated with 200-250${\AA}$ of gold, and observations are made with the use of scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. The canal walls irrigated with 3% hydrogen peroxide, 5% sodium hypochlorite and 15% EDTA solution are cleaner than the walls without using irrigants. 2. There are no significant difference of cleansing effect among 3% hydrogen peroxide, 5% sodium hypochlorite and 15% EDTA. 3. After using 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution, large debris are removed on root canal walls, but micro debris remain on the canal walls. 4. The root canal walls irrigated with 15% EDTA solution are decalcifed slightly and show clean surfaces.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2018

The data of K-Water waterworks is collected from various sensors and used as basic data for the operation and analysis of various devices. In this way, the importance of the sensor data is very high, but it contains misleading data due to the characteristics of the sensor in the external environment. However, the cleansing method for the missing data is concentrated on the prediction of the missing data, so the research on the detection and prediction method of the missing data is poor. This is a study to detect wrong data by converting collected data into quintiles and patterning them. It is confirmed that the accuracy of detecting false data intentionally generated from real data is higher than that of the conventional method in all cases. Future research we will prove the proposed system's efficiency and accuracy in various environments.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2000년도 추계 총회 및 국제학술발표회
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• pp.146-149
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• 2000

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2002

Statement of problem. Surface alteration of the implant screws after function may be associated with mechanical failure. Theses metal fatigue appears to be the most common cause of structural failure. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface alteration of the implant screws after function through the examination of used and unused implant screws in SEM(scanning electron microscope). Materials and methods. In this study, abutment screws(Steri-oss, 3i), gold retaining screw(3i) and titanium retaining screw(3i) were retrieved from patients. New, unused abutment and retaining screws were prepared for control group. Each of the old, used screws was retrieved with a screwdriver. And retrieved implant complex of Steri-oss system was prepared for this study. Then, SEM investigation and EDS analysis of abutment and retaining screws were performed. And SEM investigation of cross-sectioned sample of retrieved implant complex was performed. Results. In the case of new, unused implant screws, as maunfactured circumferential grooves are regularly examined and screw thread are sharply remained. Before ultrasonic cleansing of old, used implant screw, a lot of accumulation and corrosion products were existed. After ultrasonic cleansing of old, used implant screws, circumferential grooves as examined before function were randomly deepened and scratches increased. Also, dull screw thread was examined. More surface alterations after function were examined in titanium screw than gold screw. And more surface alteration was examined when retrieved with driver than retrieved without driver. Conclusions. These surface alteration after function may result in the screw instability. Regularly cleansing and exchange of screws was recommended. We recommend the use of gold screw rather than titanium screw, and careful manipulation of the driver.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.7
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• 2020

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE (immunoglobin-E) mediated inflammatory condition of upper respiratory tract; main clinical features involve runny nose, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and watery eyes. AR is a global problem and has large variations in incidences, currently affects up to 20% - 40% of the population worldwide. It may not be a life-threatening disease per se but indisposition from the condition can be severe and has the potential to adversely affect the daily functioning of life. Classical yoga literature indicates that, components of yoga have been used to treat numerous inflammatory conditions including upper respiratory tract. A few yoga intervention studies reported improvement in lung capacity, Nasal air flow and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This review examined various anti-inflammatory pathways mediated through Yoga that include downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The hypothalaminic-pitutary-adrenal (HPA) axis and vagal efferent stimulation has been reported to mediate anti-inflammatory effect. A significant reduction is also reported in other inflammatory biomarkers like- TNF-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), plasma CRP and Cortisol level. Neti, a yogic nasal cleansing technique, reported beneficial effect on AR by direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and inflammatory mediator from nasal mucosa resulting in improved ciliary beat frequency. We do not find any study showing effect of yoga on neurogenic inflammation. In summary, Integrated Yoga Therapy may have beneficial effect in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis. Yoga may reduce inflammation through mediating neuro-endocrino-immunological network. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism how yoga might modulate immune inflammation cascade and neurogenic inflammation at the cellular level in relevance to allergic rhinitis; the effects of kriyas (yogic cleansing techniques) also need to be evaluated in early and late phase of AR. So the proposed model could guide future research.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2013

본 증례에서는 절식치료 중인 환자에 있어 글리세린 관장을 실시한 직후 발생한 허혈성 대장염 1례에 대해 고찰하여, 관장으로 인한 장관 내압 상승, 상온의 체온보다 낮은 관장액으로 인한 혈관 경련, 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제에 의한 출혈 경향 증가 및 글리세린 용액의 화학적 삼투작용으로 인한 점막 손상 가능성 등을 제시하였다. 관장으로 인한 이와 같은 부작용을 예방하기 위하여 임상의들의 주의가 요구된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess whether chemical cleansing using a sulfonic/sulfuric acid gel solution (HBX) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) resulted in a decrease in residual plaque and calculus in deep periodontal pockets compared to SRP alone. Methods: Fifty-six patients with 56 hopeless posterior teeth, scheduled for extraction due to severe periodontitis, were enrolled in this study. Each tooth was randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 experimental procedures. The test teeth were subjected to the irrigation of the subgingival area with HBX for 2 minutes, followed by SRP with hand and ultrasonic instruments for 14 minutes, and then extracted. The control teeth received only mechanical instrumentation before extraction. Residual biofilm was evaluated on photographs and measured as total area and percentage of root surface covered by remaining plaque (RP) or calculus (RC) after treatment. Results: The initial pocket depth (PD) and total subgingival root surface area were similar between the 2 treatment groups. After treatment, the total subgingival root area covered by RP and RC was statistically significantly larger (P<0.001) in the control group than in the test group. The test teeth showed a lower percentage of RP, but a higher percentage of RC than the control teeth (both P<0.001). Complete calculus removal was achieved in 42% of the control teeth surfaces and in 25% of the test teeth surfaces for a PD of 4 mm. Conclusions: The additional chemical cleansing with HBX resulted in a statistically significant improvement in bacterial plaque removal during SRP of deep pockets, but it was not effective in reducing calculus deposits.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.532-543
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide the basic data necessary for the improvement of the teaching method for basic nursing practice as well as the effectiveness of the practice by examining the students' competency in cleansing enema after doing the self study instead of the traditional education. To examine the competency in cleansing enema after the self study, this study is an one group pretest-posttest design that subjects did the enema practice through the self study. The subjects were 89 sophomore students at Y University. College of Nursing. In basic nursing lab practice class, cleansing enema self study module was given to the students which was developed by the researcher based on the literature review and asked them to finish doing the pre study and checking the self study evaluation criteria after reading the goal, learning activities and theoretical guideline. After watching the video tape, students practiced the process in the module by themselves. For the competency in cleansing enema. repeated autonomous practices were done during the open lab other than the regular class. Whenever the practice was done, the frequency and time were measure and documented. When the student felt confident through repeated practices, the competency was evaluated by the researcher and two assistants based on the evaluation criteria. And the process was repeated till the student could perform all the items on evaluation criteria completely. The data were collected for 42 days from Oct. 15 to Nov. 26 in 1996. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient and variance analysis. The results are summarized as follows : 1. 43.2% of the students were favorable to nursing and 63.6% like lecture, but 71.6% like practice. So they were more interested in practice than in lecture. 2. 62.3% of the students scored high in written test, 97.8% scored high in practice. So the practice score was better. 3. The frequency of repeated practice to pass the test ranged from 1 to 4 and the average is 2.2. 4. The average time needed in preparation and the performance was nearly the same regardless of the frequency. It took 5 to 38 minutes for those who passed the test after practicing once and the average was 16 minutes. 5 to 60 minutes were taken for those who practiced twice to pass the test and the average was 21 minutes. Those who passed the test after three practices needed 8 to 30 minutes and the average was 15 minutes, which was similar to the time that the students who passed the test for the first trial. Only one student passed the test after 4 practices and it took 10 minutes. 5. 64% of the students agreed that the context and the content of the module were appropriate for the self study and 68.2% were satisfied. And 71.9% said that the module helped them to practice the enema self study 6. Though only 42% of the students were satisfied with the video. 50.6% said that it was helpful for the self study. 7. 52.3% of the students were satisfied with the self study method, and 86.6% obtained self-confidence when performing the enema. 8. The lower the student's practice score was, the more practices were needed for them to pass the test(r=-.213, P<.05). As a result, for performing the enema practice competently, two or more practice opportunities were needed to be given. And it is possible to obtain the less complex nursing skills through the self study, when enough learning resources and assistance such as learning guidance or video tapes are provided. Based on this study. I want to suggest that. 1. There must be college policy that can support the new method instead of the traditional learning method for the students to attain the proficiency in basic nursing skills. 2. The assistant materials should be developed as soon as possible to promote the self study of basic nursing skills.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2020

When domestic sewage and rainwater runoff are discharged into a single sewer pipe, it is called a "combined sewer system." The sewage design standards in Korea specify the flow velocity based only on the volume of rainfall; therefore, sedimentation occurs on non-rainy days owing to the reduced flow rate and velocity. This sedimentation reduces the discharge capacity, causes unpleasant odors, and exacerbates the problem of combined sewer overflow concentration. To address this problem, the amount of sewage on non-rainy days, not just the volume of rainfall, should also be considered. There are various theories on sedimentation in sewer movement. This study introduces a self-cleansing velocity based on tractive force theory. By applying a self-cleansing velocity equivalent to the critical shear stress of a sand particle, sedimentation can be reduced on non-rainy days. The amount of sewage changes according to the water use pattern of citizens. The design hourly maximum wastewater flow was considered as a representative value, and the velocity of this flow should be more than the self-cleansing velocity. This design method requires a steeper gradient than existing design criteria. Therefore, the existing sewer pipelines need to be improved and repaired accordingly. In this study, five types of improvement and repair methods that can maximize the use of existing pipelines and minimize the depth of excavation are proposed. The key technologies utilized are trenchless sewer rehabilitation and complex cross-section pipes. Trenchless sewer rehabilitation is a popular sewage repair method. However, it is complex because the cross-section pipes do not have a universal design and require continuous research and development. In an old metropolis with a combined sewer system, it is difficult to carry out excavation work; hence, the methods presented in this study may be useful in the future.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.458-459
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• 2003

Turn concept into reality, with a contemporary liquid rheology modifier and open the door to a new level of freedom in surfactant-based formulating, Carbopol$^{(R)}$ Aqua SF-1 polymer is an alkali swellable, lightly crosslinked acrylic polymer, It is supplied as a 30％ active polymer in water.(omitted)d)