• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2004

Since 1990s in Korea, elementary school classrooms have been designed toward open education system in pursuit of variety of educational purpose. Also, the architectural designs of schools have been acomplished for individual school not based on the standard design code. The present paper aims to investigate the acoustic environment of existing classrooms and to compare the sound insulation capacity between the ordinary classrooms and the newly built classrooms for open education. The current acoustical situation of elementary classrooms was analyzed using field measurements and questionnaire survey. In order to this, Three elementary schools were selected which were built in 1978, 1996 and 2000 respectively. Room acoustical parameters including Reverberation time(RT), Definition(D50), Speech Intelligibility(RASTI), Transmission loss(TL) and STC were measured in a classroom in each elementary school classroom. Each measurement was undertaken with the windows and doors being open or closed. As the result, it was found that the transmission loss between rooms in open classrooms is, $5{\sim}6dB$ in average, inferior than the ordinary classrooms. The RASTI of 0.70 was measured in newly built classrooms which is better than old classrooms(0.70) and open classrooms(0.73). This was shown as same in the speech definition measurements. This results from the condition of sealing and airtightness of classrooms and floor materials. The results denote that open classrooms have poor acoustic condition in sound insulation and speech intelligibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of volatile organic compounds at elementary, middle, and high schools in Ulsan and its surroundings. Methods: To assess the hazardous chemicals of the 66 classrooms in the 22 schools, the 6 volatile organic compounds such as TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds), benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene and stylene were measured and analyzed from the beginning of May to the end of December, 2009. Results: The mean concentrations of TVOCs in the elementary schools were higher than those of middle and high schools, and multi-purpose classrooms was higher than that in general ones. The benzene and toluene level in schools in Dong-Gu in the vicinity of assorted industrial complexes was higher than that of schools located in other districts around the Ulsan Metropolitan Area. Conclusion: In case of schools in Ulsan Metropolitan Area, elementary school, schools in Dong-Gu, and multipurpose classrooms over general classrooms should be given a high priority for the management of volatile organic compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to clarify the block type of school buildings based on present conditions, by picking up elementary school buildings of Chungbuk Province in Korea. The summary of the block types can be given below. 1) Elementary school buildings(495) in Chungbuk Province are almost built in an average block of 1.7school(290). 2) The block types of school buildings are classified with "-", "ㄱ", "ㄷ", and parallel type. There are many "-" types over and parallel types in the second place of them. 3) The "-" block types are uniformly distributed with 166 elementary schools, below 6 classroom, 7through 24classrooms, beyond 25 classrooms. The "ㄱ" block types are 8 schools, and built as the wing of "-" block type in a limited space. The parallel types are classified with 2 3 lines according to the numbers of paralleled school buildings. The 2 parallel types are firstly represented with more than 95 classrooms, and 5 schools of "ㄷ" types, built as the wing of 2 parallel types, are only represented over 25 classrooms. The 3 parallel types are only 16 schools of all. They are uniformly seen in old and new school buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.30-38
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to investigate present situation about occurrence of surplus classrooms by the merger and abolition of rural elementary schools, and to deduce basic architectural data for efficient utilization. It was examined based on the analysis of using pattern and interview of teachers of modernized elementary model schools. The occurrence ratio of surplus classrooms was about 30 to 60 percentages among seven investigated schools, the ratio was gradually increasing. Most of them were nearly leaving without certain practical use because of inaccessibility and low degree of diversion. The characteristic about diversion of surplus classroom was shown to change from special or learning room to living-related room and management-related room in order, finally, it was used a room for child care with a lapse of time. Long-tenn and continuous data accumulation for diversion and utilization of surplus classroom should be required.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2002

This study has researched the indoor air Pollution in the school classrooms. It focused on the school classrooms in which the students take part in many loaming activities for a long time, not focused on the offices or underground facilities that have occupied the interest so far. First, I investigated the origination sources of indoor air pollution which influences on our health, and researched the data on the consequences of it on the human body. Second, I measured the indoor air Pollution level of the classrooms in which the students take part in activities. I selected CO, $CO_2,{\;}SO_2,{\;}NO_2$and $PM_{10}$ as the research items. Each two schools were chosen in the elementary schools, middle schools and high schools as the ones for measurement. And I distinguished the boys' schools from the girls' schools in the middle and high schools. CO, $SO_2{\;}and{\;}NO_2$were comparatively low comparing with the recommendation of the Ministry of Environment. But, $CO_2{\;}and{\;}PM_{10}$ exceeded the standard concentration in most schools and there was a difference between boys'classrooms and girls'classrooms about them. Also, it was different by the number of members a classrooms. Third, I made a questionnaire on the on the indoor air pollution. The questionnaire showed that many students feel the indoor air pollution directly and they are under the influence of it.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of the layout and floor planning of elementary schools for the 7th education curriculum. This article discuses about the basic characteristics of the plan composition and the outdoor spaces of 35 elementary schools in Gyeongnam prefecture. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) To respond to the 7th educational curriculum, unit classrooms need to be expanded or space for a multi-purpose room needs to be secured to serve the following purposes: the operation of educational program by the level and offering of unified Subjects. overall, elementary schools need to seek ways to deal with problems associated with space composition, types of classrooms, and changes in the number of classrooms so that the 7th Educational curriculum can be carried out smoothly. 2) Different from the past, various plan types are available nowadays. Even in case of schools with the same class size, their areas were different by 130 percentages or higher. Therefore, practicality needs to be more focused than facility standards in order for the school to cope with changes in future educational environment. 3) When designing the elementary school in the future, more space needs to be assigned for learning by expanding facilities - special purpose classrooms and supporting facilities - to accommodate students' various learning activities. In addition, faculty facilities need to be rearranged to promote research and development as well as to ensure the operation of the educational program. And, resident facilities that consider the close connection with the local community need to be rearranged in an efficient manner as well.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to obtain a new guideline on designing the visual environment in the classrooms of elementary schools. This study was carried out through the field measurements on the classrooms and a survey using the questionnaire about the visual environment for learning. The major findings of the study were as follows: (1) It was unbalanced among the illumination, luminance, and color distributions in the classrooms. (2) It was too bright or dark around the surrounding surfaces (walls, floors, and ceilings) of students in the classrooms. Therefore, it is needed to be careful attention on the light distribution and the reflection ratio around the surrounding surfaces of students in the classrooms.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to analyze the quality attributes and customer satisfaction in school foodservice by distribution place and to suggest an improvement plan. The survey was distributed to different respondents (students, parents, and faculty) at different types of schools (elementary school, middle school, and high school) on September 2008 in 16 cities and provinces. The statistics were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANOVA by SPSS 12.0. All foodservice quality attributes were significant different by school type and the students in elementary schools had higher scores than students in middle and high school. A comparison of scores by school type and distribution place demonstrated that elementary schools had a higher score for quality attributes and in middle and high school dining halls had a higher score for quality attributes. The overall customer satisfaction with school foodservice was higher for dining halls than classrooms for all respondents (students, parents, and faculty). For students, the overall customer satisfaction score was 69.1 for schools using dining halls and 66.4 for schools using classrooms. The overall customer satisfaction for classrooms was higher in elementary school but, this score for middle and high school was higher for dining halls. Therefore, students prefer dining halls to classrooms. Especially, as the students grow, they have an increased preference for dining halls.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

This study compares, analyzes and reevaluates color conditions and images before and after the execution of the 7th curriculum with elementary schools in Gwang-ju Metropolitan City based on the fact that color among physical environments of elementary classrooms has an important influence on children's emotion and draws problems and aims to accumulate the basic materials for preparing guidelines of improving color environment at general classrooms of elementary schools. Consequently, according to color conditions, major colors on ceiling and wall were high brightness/nigh chroma of Y and YR line regardless of division of grades and other color factors of classroom showed that wall and ceiling used similar colors, but brightness was higher after change than before it. In evaluation of color images, lower grades showed negative color images such as 'common,' 'rustic,' and 'strange' before change, but they showed positive color images after change such as 'clean,' 'unique,' and 'soft'. But, most of higher grades showed negative reactions before change such as 'common,' 'strange,' and 'rustic' and they showed positive reactions after change only in such items as 'clean,' 'warm,' and 'unique', but Indicated negative reactions in remaining items such as 'strange,' 'rustic,' 'stiff,' and 'artificial'. Accordingly, in using colors for lower grade classroom, arrangement of colors through adjustment of brightness and chroma between ceiling, wall and other components based on coloring of high brightness and low chroma of similar colors should be considered and for higher grade classroom, arrangement of colors of unique images of mid-brightness/mid-chroma among warm color lines of similar colors should be examined.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.50-60
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• 2006

In search of the improvement plan for elementary schools which aims at the efficient application of new educational programs according to the introduction of the 7th National Curriculum, the analysis results for the spatial configuration regarding the modernized elementary schools in Busan City are as follows: 1) The analysis of expansion in the building area reveals that the building area per classroom has been increased from $200m^2$ in 1995 to $350m^2$ in 2005 based on the data gathered from the constructed schools during that period. 2) While the ratio of classrooms per the gross school area has been decreased from 35% in the late 1990s to 20% in the 2000s, the entire school size continue to become larger, which is considered as desirable change. 3) New construction and addition of special classrooms and multi-purpose spaces have continued to be increased. Multi-purpose spaces were positively considered in the early 2000s, but recently built schools tend to limit the construction of multi-purpose spaces only to lower grades' space or not to obtain them owing to the analysis that its utilization is limited. 4) Most schools constructed after 1999 are equipped with dining hall and multi-purpose halls, and show the increase in their sizes. Especially, dining hall tend to be located on the upper floors for better environmental conditions.