• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 2018

Beef was dry aged for 40-60 days under controlled environmental conditions in a refrigerated room with a relative humidity of 75%-80% and air-flow. To date, there is little information on the microbial diversity and characteristics of dry aged beef. In this study, we explored the effect of change in meat microorganisms on dry aged beef. Initially, the total bacteria and LAB were significantly increased for 50 days during all dry aging periods. There was an absence of representative foodborne pathogens as well as coliforms. Interestingly, fungi including yeast and mold that possess specific features were observed during the dry aging period. The 5.8S rRNA sequencing results showed that potentially harmful yeasts/molds (Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., Rhodotorula sp.) were present at the initial point of dry aging and they disappeared with increasing dry aging time. Interestingly, Penicillium camemberti and Debaryomyces hansenii used for cheese manufacturing were observed with an increase in the dry aging period. Taken together, our results showed that the change in microorganisms exerts an influence on the quality and safety of dry aged beef, and our study identified that fungi may play an important role in the palatability and flavor development of dry aged beef.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2008

A new disease causing skin sooty dapple symptoms on fruits, leaves, and young shoot of Asian pear occurred in Korea. However, no chemical control approaches has been developed to control this disease. To investigate ecological aspects of this disease, we conducted field surveys in the high or low disease occurred orchards. The years with heavy rainfall caused severe occurrence of the skin sooty dapple disease than the years with lower rainfall during all growth stages of pear fruit. Different fruit-wrapping bags did not prevent occurrence of skin sooty dapple disease, and lesion numbers were higher in lower parts of fruit equatorial line inside of fruit-wrapping bags. There is a direct correlation between occurrence of the skin sooty dapple disease and frequency of fungicide application in the orchards. Among the tested commercial fungicides, thiophanate-methyl WP and penconazole WP completely inhibited the growth of the Cladosporium sp. in in vitro studies but little protection was observed in the field following fungicide applications. However, application of lime sulfur combined with the use of fruit-wrapping bags most effectively reduced incidence of the disease in the field. Our results suggest that skin sooty dapple disease could be a serious problem in sustainable organic pear farms and effective control methods for this disease urgently required.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

In order to detect casual agents associated with ear blight of rice, seed samples of 'Ilmi-byeo' and 'Daesan-byeo', susceptible cultivars were collected from 28 regions on a nationwide scale. Finally 23 fungi including Bipolaris oryzae($10.3\%$), Alternaria alternata ($10.2\%$), Cladosporium sp. ($7.5\%$), Nigrospora oryzae($5.2\%$) and Phoma sorghina ($6.3\%$) from seeds of 'Ilmi-byeo', and 13 fungi including N. oryzae ($15.1\%$), A. alternata ($9.6\%$) and Curvularia lunata ($2.2\%$) from seeds of 'Daesan-byeo' were detected. In case of discolored seeds caused by rice ear blight, B. oryzae($15.5\%$), A. alternata ($5.5\%$), Fusarium graminearum ($8.0\%$), N. oryzae($5.2\%$) and P. sorghina ($4.5\%$) were detected even from the hulled rice of Ilmi-byeo.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1975

This is a study to determine the content of the mercury compound and the distribution of microorganisms in the waste waters flowing from the chemical plants in the Ulsan area (at 4 stations). The summary of the result of this study is as follows: 1. The content of the mercury compound has ranged from non-detection to 0.075 ppm with an average of 0.03 ppm. The highest content has been detected from the water at station A. 2. As for the distribution of the microorganisms, one species each of bacteria, Mucor, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Trichothecium (T. roseum); 4 species of Penicillium; and 3 species of Sterile hyphae; a total of 12 species have been isolated. 3. The following results have been found with regard to the growth of these microorganisms in terms of the content of the mercury compound. In the case of an inorganic mercury compound, most of the microbes can grow in water with a content of up to 10 ppm. Pe. sp No. 1 particularly can grow even in 50 ppm. In the case of an organic mercury compound, the growth of the microbes seems to be somewhat restrained even in 2 ppm.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

In the survey from 1992 to 2000, twenty-eight parasitic diseases were observed in major apple producing areas in Korea. The predominant apple diseases were white rot(Botryosphaeria dothidea), Marssonina blotch(Marssonina mali), Valsa canker(Valsa ceratosperma), Alternaria leaf spot(Alternaria mali), and bitter rot(Collectotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum). Apple scab that reappeared in 1990 after disappearance for 15 years was disappeared again since 1997. A viroid disease(caused by apple scar skin viroid) was newly found in this survey. The five diseases, fire blight(Erwinia amylovora), black rot(Botryosphaeria obtusa), scab(Cladosporium carpophilum), Monochaetia twig blight(Monochaetia sp.), and brown leaf spot(Hendersonia mali), which had once described in 1928 but no further reports on their occurrence, were not found in this survey. However, blossom blight(Monilinia mali), brown rot(Monilinia fructigena), and pink rot(Trichothecium roseum), which did not occur on apple after mid 1970s, were found in this survey.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.252-255
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• 2013

Fungal pathogens have caused severe damage to the commercial production of Pleurotus eryngii, the king oyster mushroom, by reducing production yield, causing deterioration of commercial value, and shortening shelf-life. Four strains of pathogenic fungi, including Trichoderma koningiopsis DC3, Phomopsis sp. MP4, Mucor circinelloides MP5, and Cladosporium bruhnei MP6, were isolated from the bottle culture of diseased P. eryngii. A species-specific primer set was designed for each fungus from the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 sequences. PCR using the ITS primer set yielded a unique DNA band for each fungus without any cross-reaction, proving the validity of our method in detection of mushroom fungal pathogens.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

The application of antagonistic fungi for plant protection has attracted considerable interest because they may potentially replace the use of chemical pesticides. Antipathogenic activities confirmed in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from microorganisms have potential to serve as biocontrol agents against pre- and post-harvest diseases. In the present study, we investigated Galactomyces fungi isolated from rotten leaves and the rhizosphere of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme). VOCs produced by Galactomyces fungi negatively affected the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and the survival of nematodes. Mycelial growths of all nine examined phytopathogenic fungi were inhibited on agar plate, although the inhibition was more intense in Athelia rolfsii JYC2163 and Cladosporium cladosporioides JYC2144 and relatively moderate in Fusarium sp. JYC2145. VOCs also efficiently suppressed the spore germination and mycelial growth of A. rolfsii JYC2163 on tomatoes. The soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibited higher mortality in 24 h in the presence of VOCs. These results suggest the broad-spectrum activity of Galactomyces fungi against various plant pathogens and the potential to use VOCs from Galactomyces as biocontrol agents.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.5-24
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• 2011

Neunghwaji(Embossed patterned paper) is a unique paper used for a traditional book cover in Korea. The research was carried out to investigate Neunghwaji's features. Physical property was studied through a test of tensile strength and folding endurance. Also, comparative analysis of virus resistance and waterproof ability was undertaken on Neunghwaji. 1. Folding endurance test showed that strength of non-embossed CB and HB decreased during deteriorating duration. Embossed CN and HN showed the strength increasing at early stage and decreasing from the 27th day of the deteriorating duration. Tensile strength was decreasing in both cases as deterioration progressed. 2. Growth of Arthrinium sp. fungus on embossed paper was 10% less than plain paper while Cladosporium sp. showed 20~30% less growth. Amur cork dyeing(H) showed 10~30% lower fungi growth than Gardenia seed dyeing(C). The result indicated that embossed paper has better virus resistance than Hanji, and Amur cork dyeing has better virus resistance than Gardenia seed dyeing. 3. Average contact angle of CN, CB, HN, and HB was $85{\sim}92^{\circ}$ and NON-N and NON-B was $59{\sim}63^{\circ}$. In detail, CN's contact angle was $1{\sim}7^{\circ}$ higher than CB's; HN was $1{\sim}6^{\circ}$ higher than HB. Therefore, it was found that embossed paper has higher contact angle than Hanji thus the former has better waterproof ability. The research suggested production technique of Neunghwaji and studied its features related to the technique. Neunghwaji was confirmed to have superior quality to Hanji though further study regarding above test result is needed to complement the research.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.668-675
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• 1998

These surveys were conducted to check the occurrence of disease in various horticultural crops in alpine areas, especially Daekwallyong areas, Pyongchang-Gun, and Hyeongseong-Gun in Kangwon province. TuMV on Chinese cabbage was one of the most serious diseases, especially in 1994 and 1997. The incidence of soft rot and clubroot has been increased gradually. Brittle root rot on Chinese cabbage was significantly decreased. Soft rot, gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, bottom rot and Alternaria leaf spot were the common diseases on most vegetable crops. Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on celery, cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora sp.) on melon, powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) on lettuce, and clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) on parsley are newly found in Korea. The most common and predominant diseases were viruses, especially CMV, TMV, TuMV, BBMV, and gray mold, wilts, and cercospora leaf spot on many flowers in alpine areas. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. eustomae causing wilting on lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum), Turnip mosaic virus causing mosaic and color breaking on stock, Cercospora spp. causing cercospora leaf spot on various wild lily, Cladosporum echinulatum causing leaf spot on carnation, and phytoplasma causing witches' broom on statice (Limonium sinuatum) and blazing star (Liatris spp.) were newly found during these surveys in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.292-292
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• 2009

본 연구는 유기종자 안전 생산기술 개발을 위한 효과적인 병해충 제어를 위해 대표적인 찰옥수수 품종인 미백2호와 흑미찰을 대상으로 병?해충 발생양상을 조사하였다. 2008년 유기농 찰옥수수 종자 생산지의 우점 비산포자의 종류 중Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., 및 Helminthosoprium sp.,은전 생육기간에 관찰되었다. 또한종자로부터 신초 출현 전후로 종자가 발아하지 않고 부패하거나 유묘의 시들음 증상, 심하면 고사하는 증상과 거세미나방에 의해 지재부가 절단된 전형적인 피해를 관찰할 수 있었고 발병주율은 14~6% 미만이었다. 특히, 포장내 조명나방 발생밀도는 2008년 트랩당 3.5~0.5 마리로 높게 나타났으며, 2009년 트랩당 0.5~6마리로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 피해주율은 2008년은 7.5(미백2호)~21(미흑찰)%였으며, 2009년은 1~46%로 매년 높은 피해주율을 보였으며 수확기까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 옥수수잎마름병 (Leaf blight)의 발생 양상은 2008년도에 7%(미흑찰)~34%(미백2호)로 높게 나타났으며, 2009년은 6월18일 이후 초발생하여 발병주율이 8월 21일 (59%, 미흑찰)이후 급격히 증가하여 9월 25일이는 미흑찰 (69%)의 발병주율이 미백2호 (56%)보다 높게 나타났다. 옥수수깜부기병(Common Smut)의 발생 양상은 2008년도에 20주 중 2%~15%의 발병주율을 보였으며, 2009년은 초발생 시기가 7월17일로 2008년에 비해 17일 정도 늦추어졌으며 발병주율도 8% 미만 (9월 25일)으로 2008년에 비해 아주 낮게 나타났다. 옥수수깨씨무늬병 (Southern Leaf Spot)의 발생 양상은 2008년 20주 중 초기에 평균 11%(미흑찰)에서 증가하여 9월 19일 조사시에는 두 품종 모두 62%로 높게 나타났다. 2009년은 6월8일 이후 초발생하였으며 9월 25일까지 지속적 발병하여 약 86%의 발병 주율을 보였고 2008년에 비해 24% 이상 발병주율이 높았다.