• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.65-90
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• 2010

Recently, alarmed by the frequent international terrorism or safety accidents, the host countries of world sports events are focusing on security activities for the sake of the participants, facilities, events and competitions. They are alarmed because in case any happenings like international terrorism or safety accident, the contest itself can be criticized to be a failure as much as the international reliability of the host nation may well crash. We can see that any failure in coping with terrorism or safety matters can lead to a nation-wise crisis in the case of Indonesia where the October 12th of 2002 terrorist bomb attack in Bali damaged the image of the nation followed by the similar case in Philippine (Oct. 20th, 2002) where the same terrorist attack dramatically scared away the tourists to the nation. Korea is scheduled to hold the World Championship in Athletics in Daegu Metropolitan City in 2011. Also, it is slated to host various world sports events such as Yeosu International Exposition and Incheon Asian Games. In these contexts, this study analyzes counter-terrorism cases related with the recent international sports events that have been organized in a variety of manners in the era of globalization. This study aims to show alternatives for the safety management in these events. In other words, it is focusing on giving directions to the safety policies of the nation -which may become the future hub of north-east Asia and the world - for more perfect guard and defense, and counter-terrorism activities in all the conferences, sports events and international festivals where any private defense and guard companies are allowed to cooperate with the police force or public security agencies.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-136
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• 2013

The recent rapid increase of international ocean cruises calling at Korea has prompted the interests of central and local governments in promotion of cruise ship tour. Korea's cruise tour policies and facility improvement plans tend to be focused only on main ports of cities with high calls at cruise port, such as Busan, Incheon, and Jeju. However, small and medium-sized ocean cities which represent the coastal areas are also seeking to activate cruise ship tour and attract investment, and therefore they merit governmental support as well. This study looks at the current conditions of cruise tourism in small and medium-sized ocean cities and searches for the means to activate cruise tours. It suggests improvement policies for port services, transport accessibility, urban facilities and tour activity support, as well as expected roles of public and private sector. As a case study of Yeosu in Jeollanam-do, it analyzes the present state and discusses possible future activation programs, comparing small and medium-sized cities with cities with main ports. In order to be a port of call, steady exertions for improvement are required in all areas regarding cruise tourism whether it's main or local. Especially, since local ports in small and medium-sized ocean cities are relatively unlikely to be developed into home ports, policies and tourism programs should be established to support them in being chosen as ports of call.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1071-1081
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• 2021

In addition to the current quality control procedures for the weather observation performed by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), this study proposes quality inspection standards for Internet of Things (IoT) urban weather observed data based on machine learning that can be used in smart cities of the future. To this end, in order to confirm whether the standards currently set based on ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) and AWS (Automatic Weather System) are suitable for urban weather, usability was verified based on SKT AWS data installed in Seoul, and a machine learning-based quality control algorithm was finally proposed in consideration of the IoT's own data's features. As for the quality control algorithm, missing value test, value pattern test, sufficient data test, statistical range abnormality test, time value abnormality test, spatial value abnormality test were performed first. After that, physical limit test, stage test, climate range test, and internal consistency test, which are QC for suggested by the KMA, were performed. To verify the proposed algorithm, it was applied to the actual IoT urban weather observed data to the weather station located in Songdo, Incheon. Through this, it is possible to identify defects that IoT devices can have that could not be identified by the existing KMA's QC and a quality control algorithm for IoT weather observation devices to be installed in smart cities of future is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.249-264
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• 2011

A multi-Gaussian kriging approach extended to space-time domain is presented for uncertainty modeling as well as time-series mapping of environmental variables. Within a multi-Gaussian framework, normal score transformed environmental variables are first decomposed into deterministic trend and stochastic residual components. After local temporal trend models are constructed, the parameters of the models are estimated and interpolated in space. Space-time correlation structures of stationary residual components are quantified using a product-sum space-time variogram model. The ccdf is modeled at all grid locations using this space-time variogram model and space-time kriging. Finally, e-type estimates and conditional variances are computed from the ccdf models for spatial mapping and uncertainty analysis, respectively. The proposed approach is illustrated through a case of time-series Particulate Matter 10 ($PM_{10}$) concentration mapping in Incheon Metropolitan city using monthly $PM_{10}$ concentrations at 13 stations for 3 years. It is shown that the proposed approach would generate reliable time-series $PM_{10}$ concentration maps with less mean bias and better prediction capability, compared to conventional spatial-only ordinary kriging. It is also demonstrated that the conditional variances and the probability exceeding a certain thresholding value would be useful information sources for interpretation.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.701-708
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• 2023

Local governments are required to take measures to prevent occupational accidents under Articles 4(2) and 4(3) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and this study suggested the necessity of establishing an IT-based integrated safety and health information sharing system for serious accident reduction and safety and health management through the case of Incheon Metropolitan City. Recently, as local governments have established labor and health ordinances and basic plans, the need for an independent integrated safety and health management system based on local industrial characteristics has increased. It is necessary to establish a cooperation and support system with basic local governments and hub institutions, share integrated safety and health information with related institutions and organizations, and play a pivotal role in regional safety and health management by managing occupational accident statistics and implementing basic policies. The system through local governments' safety and health management will reduce serious accidents in the region, and the comprehensive safety and health management system for small businesses and projects ordered by local governments will strengthen the operability of the site, which will be effective in preventing critical accidents and industrial accidents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

This study investigated differences in perception by 240 males in their teens, 20s, 30s, and 40s residing in Seoul, Incheon, and Gwangju about seven items for male makeup, and analyzed makeup items preferred by men, perception about male makeup users, and relationship between success and appearance, thereby providing basic materials to activate the beauty market for males and developing goods for male users. The result was that most males thought the influence of their appearance on their social success was great and in particular, 23.3% of respondents thought that their appearance affected their success by 50% or higher percentage. The items most preferred by the respondents were concealers, color lotions, and BB creams; 60.8% considered them positive. This showed that basic color cosmetics had already been established as one of the essential goods for men. In contrast, the respondents had slightly negative perception about items like mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows. Overall, those who were young, unmarried, and city dwellers had positive perception about such cosmetics by and large. The above data will be able to be used to develop various makeup goods for male consumers oriented toward success and implement diverse marketing strategies, thereby activating the beauty market for males.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.129-136
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• 2021

This study aims to verify the influence of married men in their 30s and 40s on smartphone addiction, the mediating effect of depression, and the moderating effect according to age. To this end, samples were set up as a convenient sampling for married men in their 30s and 40s living in the Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon metropolitan. To verify the influence relationship, mediating effect, and moderation effect of the main variables, we compare the differences in influence by dividing age groups through spss win 25 program Baron & Kenny's analysis, Sobel test, and multi-regression analysis. The analysis results are as follows. First, stress has a positive effect on depression and smartphone addiction, and depression has a positive effect on smartphone addiction. Second, depression has been shown to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between stress and smartphone addiction. Third, there was a difference in influence between stress and smartphone addiction depending on age groups. Based on the above results, we present policy implications and follow-up research suggestions.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2021

본 연구는 서부 DMZ 및 접경지역에 속하고 인천광역시 강화군 강화읍에 위치한 퇴모·혈구산(466m) 을 대상으로 수행되었다. 강화군은 우리나라에서 4번째로 넓은 면적의 섬으로 알려져있고, 인천광역시 서북부 경기만의 한강 하구에 위치하고 있으며, 서쪽으로는 석모도 등 부속섬과 서해안, 북쪽으로는 북 한의 황해도 연백시, 동쪽으로는 김포시와 강화대교와 강화초지대교가 육지로 연결되어 있다. 2019년 4 월부터 2020년 10월까지 7회에 걸쳐 계절별로 식물상 조사를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 확인된 해명산 일대에 분포하는 관속식물의 현황은 92과 257속 353속 4아종 41변종 4품종 총 402분류군으로 확인되었다. 양치식물은 6과 9속 10종 2변종 12분류군, 나자식물은 3과 4속 8종 총 8분류군, 쌍자엽식물은 74과 198속 268종 4아종 30변종 3품종 등 305분류군, 단자엽식물은 9과 46속 67종 9변종 1품종 등 77분류군으로 조사되었다. 또한, 식물구계학적 특정식물 IV급은 등 1분류군, III급은 물박달나무, 병아리꽃나무 등 6분 류군, II급은 갯장구채, 꼬리조팝나무 등 8분류군, I급은 야산고비, 일엽초 등 20분류군으로 파악되었 다. 희귀식물은 산림청 지정 희귀식물 취약종(VU)에 속하는 산들깨와 약관심종(LC)에 속하는 쥐방울덩굴 등 총 2분류군이 확인되었다. 특산식물은 백운산원추리 및 병꽃나무 등 4분류이 파악되었다. 침입외래식물은 애기수영 및 유럽점나무도물 등 39분류군으로 확인되었고, 생태계교란식은 가시박 등 4분류군으로 파악되었다. 주변의 신산저수지 및 고비고개에 큰 공사가 진행되고있어 침입외래식물의 개체수는 크게 증가할 것으로 예측었다. 따라서 장기적인 생태계 보전대책 수립이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.646-652
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• 2014

Data of pollution incidents which occurred in shipyards of South Korea for 10 years from 2004 to 2013 were collected and analyzed in order to propose the plans for the prevention of pollution incidents in shipyards. Total number of pollution incidents in shipyards was 103 cases over the nation of Korea for the recent 10 years and the average annual number was about 10 cases, and annual cases tended to increase from 8 cases in 2004 to 23 cases in 2010 and then to decrease to 9 cases in 2013. The location data of pollution incidents showed 32 cases in Busan metropolitan city (31%), 30 cases in Jeonnam (29%), 21 cases in Gyeongam (21%), 5 cases in Jeju (5%), 4 cases in Gangwon (4%), 4 cases in Gyeongbuk (4%), 3 cases in Chungnam (3%) and 3 cases in Incheon metropolitan city (3%). According to the data of work types of shipyards, 60 cases happened during the work of ship repair (58%), 25 cases during the work of ship breakup (24%), 10 cases in the course of ship building (10%) and 8 cases by others (8%). The data of pollutant type showed oil and oily mixtures to be 59 cases (57%), waste paint dust to be 22 cases (21%), iron dust and welding slag to be 13 cases (13%), wastes to be 4 cases (4%), waste FRP powder to be 3 cases (3%), and others to be 2 cases (2%). The plans for the prevention of pollution incidents in shipyards of Korea were proposed as follows; (1) Observance of the related laws and regulations, (2) Establishment and implementation of action plans to prevent areas dense with shipyards from causing pollution incidents, (3) Establishment and implementation of oil pollution prevention plans in shipyards, especially during the ship repair and breakup works, (4) Preparation of measures to solve civil complaints against pollution incidents in shipyards, and (5) Improvement in national management for the control of shipyards.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to cover dental hygienists who work for metropolitan dental hospitals or clinics in Seoul city, Incheon city and Gyeonggi province from January to April 2009 and profile their awareness of Long-term Senior Care Insurance System (hereinafter called 'LSCI (System)', so that it may provide material reference data to contribute to expanding and establishing oral health medical services in the framework of LSCI System. As a result, this study could come to the following conclusions: 1. It was found that the highest priority of dental hygienists' visiting oral hygienic services under LSCI System was focused on 'caring and preventive treatment', and their secondary priority was focused upon 'oral health education.' 2. In response to a question item about whether dental hygienists need dentist's prescription in written before performing their visiting oral hygienic services, it was found that 38.2% dental hygienists answered 'Yes (necessary)' and 61.8% answered 'No (unnecessary).' 3. In response to a question item about whether dental hygienists may open up long-term senior care center, it was found that absolute majority of dental hygienists (93.4%) answered 'No' and only 6.6% dental hygienists answered 'Yes.' The standardized professional education are thought to be needed to be developed aiming at the success in oral-hygiene service within a LSCI, by strengthening professionalism in dental hygienists.