• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.365-376
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• 2002

An experimental study has been conducted to measure the local film-cooling effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient for a single row of rectangular-shaped holes. four different cooling hole shapes such ai a straight rectangular hole, a rectangular hole with laterally expanded exit, a circular hole and a two-dimensional slot are tested. A technique using thermochromic liquid crystals determine adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values and heat transfer coefficients on the test surface. Both film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient are measured for various blowing rates and compared with the results of the cylindrical ho1es and the two-dimensional slot. The flow patterns downstream of holes are calculated numerically using a cummercial package. The results show that the rectangular hopes provide better peformance than the cylindrical holes. For the rectangular holes with expanded exit, the penetration is reduced significantly, and the higher and more uniform cooling Peformance is obtained even at relatively high blowing rates.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.752-758
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• 2013

The effect of external leakage on the acoustic performance of Helmholtz resonators is experimentally and numerically investigated. The transmission loss of the Helmholtz resonator with a circular perforated hole is measured by using an impedance tube setup. The experimental results are then compared with one-dimensional analytical and three-dimensional numerical results. As the size of the hole increases, the peak of the transmission loss shifts to higher frequency, especially for the holes on the cavity. While the transmission loss is almost independent of the location of the hole on the cavity, the impact of the hole location on the neck on the transmission loss is not negligible. The results show that one-dimensional analytical method can predict the overall trends, whereas three-dimensional numerical method is necessary for more accurate predictions.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

To propose a useful modelling method for an actual muffler, the noise attenuation effects of muffler was investigated according to the flow condition and the hole shape of tubes. In this work, the finite element method was used to calculate the transmission loss of muffler, The noise attenuation characteristics of four different types of muffler in the hole shape of tubes were compared mutually to find a more simple equivalent model. Analytical results showed that the overall value of transmission loss increases and the peaks of transmission loss curve shift to the low frequency with mean flow for the given muffler, Also the noise attenuation characteristics of the equivalent model having the split holes is almost the same as those of the actual muffler having many circular holes.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.721-724
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• 1998

A circular image in a space don't appear as an exact circular image and appear as an oval in image buffer because distortion of camera lens, number of horizontal pixel of CCD photographing element and unmber of horizontal pixel of image buffer are not in accordance. By using familiar 3-D coordinate, know as circle's diameter, and cicle's center, you correct a pin-hole camera and get an exact circle with reprojection a circle into image buffer, according to a perspective.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2014

콘크리트 기둥 발파 시 장약공 상태에 따른 지반 진동의 전파 특성을 확인하기 위해 몇 가지 기둥 구조물을 제작하였고, 각 기둥 구조물에 설치된 장약공의 상태를 달리하여 TNT로 발파하며 진동을 측정하였다. 회귀분석 결과, 사각 장약공이 원형 장약공보다 진동의 크기가 작고 감쇠가 더 빨랐으며 관통된 장약공보다 폐쇄된 장약공에서 진동의 크기는 크고 감쇠는 비슷하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2006

In the present research, the simultaneous punching of ultra small size hole of $2\~10\;{\mu}m$ in diameter on flat rolled thin metal foils was conducted with elastic polymer punch. Workpiece used in the present investigation were the rolled pure copper of $3{\mu}m$ in thickness and CP titanium of 1.5fm in thickness. The metal foils were punched with the dies and arrays of circular and rectangular holes were made. The process set-up is similar to that of the flexible rubber pad farming or Guerin process. Arrays of holes were punched successfully in one step forming. The punched holes were examined in terms of their dimensions. The effects of the wafer die hole dimension and heat treatment of the workpiece on ultra small size hole formation of the thin foil were discussed. The process condition such as proper die shape, pressure, pressure rate and diameter-thickness ratio (d/t) were also discussed. The results in this paper show that the present method can be successfully applied to the fabrication of ultra small size hole away in a one step operation.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2010

We have measured the trapped field of YBCO bulk with different configuration by applying the magnetic field of $Nb_3Sn$ superconducting magnet. Initially the circular type of YBCO bulk superconductor was prepared and then hole, parallel to the c-axis and located at the center of bulk was mechanically drilled. The YBCO bulk with hole was filled with resin. Typical size of hole in YBCO bulk was 10 mm in diameter. Trapped field characteristics were compared with different specimen conditions. Our preliminary result indicates the increment rate of trapped field, 0.232 kG, measured on the YBCO without hole was much higher than that, 0.011 kG, measured on YBCO with hole.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2005

The etching technology of the high aspect ratio contact(HARC) is necessary at the critical contact processes of semiconductor devices. Etching the $SiO_{2}$ contact hole with the sub-micron design rule in manufacturing VLSI devices, the unexpected phenomenon of 'profile tilting' or 'bottom distortion' is often observed. This makes a short circuit between neighboring contact holes, which causes to drop seriously the device yield. As the aspect ratio of contact holes increases, the high C/F ratio gases, $C_{4}F_{6}$, $C_{4}F_{8}$ and $C_{5}F_{8}$, become widely used in order to minimize the mask layer loss during the etching process. These gases provide abundant fluorocarbon polymer as well as high selectivity to the mask layer, and the polymer with high sticking yield accumulates at the top-wall of the contact hole. During the etch process, many electrons are accumulated around the asymmetric hole mouth to distort the electric field, and this distorts the ion trajectory arriving at the hole bottom. These ions with the distorted trajectory induce the deformation of the hole bottom, which is called 'profile tilting' or 'bottom distortion'. To prevent this phenomenon, three methods are suggested here. 1) Using lower C/F ratio gases, $CF_{4}$ or $C_{3}F_{8}$, the amount of the Polymer at the hole mouth is reduced to minimize the asymmetry of the hole top. 2) The number of the neighboring holes with equal distance is maximized to get the more symmetry of the oxygen distribution around the hole. 3) The dual frequency plasma source is used to release the excessive charge build-up at the hole mouth. From the suggested methods, we have obtained the nearly circular hole bottom, which Implies that the ion trajectory Incident on the hole bottom is symmetry.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2009

기존에 설치되어 있는 구조물의 양면대칭 패치보강은 항상 면내거동만을 유발하나 시공상 어려움이 있다. 반면에 일면 패치보강의 경우 인장력의 증가에 따라 중립축의 위치가 대칭이 아니므로 휨에 대한 강성도가 증가하게 되며, 결과적으로 적층판의 휨을 심화시키게 된다. 이 연구에서는 일면 패치보강된 적층판의 두께방향은 물론이고 원공주위의 응력집중계수를 산정하기 위해 p-수렴 완전층별모델을 제안하였다. 가정된 변위장의 정의를 위해, 임의의 층에서 변위-변형률 관계와 3차원 구성방정식은 2차원 및 3차원 계층적 형상함수의 조합이 사용된다. 원형경계의 기하형상을 나타내기 위해 초유한사상기법이 사용되며, 다른 외삽법을 사용하지 않고 각 층마다 절점에서의 응력값을 직접적으로 얻기위해 가우스-로바토 수치 적분이 수행되었다. 제안된 모델의 정확도와 단순성은 기존의 3차원 유한요소해석과 실험에 의해 구해진 결과들과의 비교를 통해 검증되었다. 또한 정사각형, 원형, 고리형 형상의 다양한 패치보강에 따른 휨효과를 조사하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.127-130
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• 2004

For the quality control of the industrial products, an automatic hole measuring system has been developed. The measurement device allows X-Y movement due to contact forces between a hole and its own circular cone and the device is attached to an industrial robot. Its measurement accuracy is about 0.04mm. This movement of the plate is measured by two LVDT sensor system. But this system using the LVDT sensors is restricted by high cost and precision of measurement and correspondence of environment so particularly, a vision system with CCD-Camera is discussed in this paper for the above mentioned purpose. The device consists of two of two links jointed with hinge pins basically and, they guarantee free movement of the touch prove attached on the second link in the same plane. These links are returned to home position by the spring plungers automatically after each process for the next one. On the surface of the touch prove, it has a circular white mark for camera recognition. The system detect and notify the center coordinate of capture mark image through the image processing. Its measuring accuracy has been proved to be about $\pm$0.01mm through the repeated implementation over 200 times. This technique will shows the advantage of touch-indirect image capture idea using cone-shaped touch prove in various symmetrical shaped holes particulary, like tapped holes, chamfered holes, etc As a result, we attained our object in a view of the accuracy, economical efficiency, and functionality