• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 1991

The chromosome analyses of blood culture were made of 11 Korean native and 53 crossbred males between the Korean native cattles(K) and Charolais(C), which consisted of $K\times$K, $C\times$K, $C\times$CK, CK$\times$CCK and Charolais synthetic males(CK$\times$CCK or CCK$\times$CK). 1. The diploid(2n=60, XY) Charolais synthetic male has the 29 pairs of acrocentric autosomes, a single large submetacentric X and a small metacentric Y chromosome. 2. The numbers of G-band of karyotype in these males were a few differences in the 8 pairs of autosomes(chromosome 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 19 and 26) compared to those of purebred Korean native ones. G-banding qualities were not matched in chromosome 16, 19 and 29 with the Korean native males and also in chromosome 14, 20 and 22 with other domestic cattles. 3. The G-banding pattern between chromosome 4-6-7 and 24-25-27 was alomost similar together and the possibilityof misidentification was greater in the G-banded preparations. 4. 1/29 Robertsonian translocation and other abnormalities were not observed among 11 Korean native and 53 crossbred males. This result is considered in relation to limited data and further investigation based on larger samples may be necessary for definite conclusion.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.144-146
• /
• 2002

Cytogenetic analysis of Anemarrhena ashodeloides BUNGE, which is one of medicinal plants belonging to Haemodoraceae was carried out using Feulgen staining. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was identified to 2n=22 (x=11) and the size of chromosomes ranges from $1.27-3.80\;{\mu}m$. Three pairs of chromosomes were relatively long in total length and the others were short. The karyotype was bimodal in chromosome length and arm ratios. The chromosome complement comprise eight pairs of metacentric (chromosome 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11), two pairs of submetacentric (chromosome 4 and 5), and one pair of subtelocentric (chromosome 1).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to determine the karyotype and chromosomal localizations of 45S and 5S rDNAs using FISH in Astragalus koraiensis. The somatic metaphase chromosome number of this species was 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number of x = 8. The karyotype of A. koraiensis was consisted of six pairs of median region chromosomes(chromosome 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and two pairs of submedian chromosomes(chromosome 2, 7). Based on the FISH, one pair of 45S rDNA site was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 5. Whereas, two pair of 5S sites were detected on the short arm of chromosome 4 and centromeric region of chromosome 7, respectively. These are quite different patterns from A. membranaceus, A. membranaceus var. alpinus, and A. mongholicus. Although A. koraiensis is considered as Korean endemic species, therefore, it should be conducted out comparative FISH study with A. sikokianus and A. bhotanensis which are very similar to A. koraiensis morphologically.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.438-446
• /
• 2012

In 1964, Susumu Ohno, an evolutionary biologist, hypothesized that the size of X chromosome was conserved in mammalian evolution, and that this was based on chromosomal length. Today, unlike Ohno's method which was based on estimated lengths, we know the exact lengths of some mammalian sequences. The aim of this study was to reanalyze Ohno's hypothesis. In mammalian species, variation in the length of the X chromosome is greater than in the autosomes; however, this variation is not statistically significant. This means that differences in chromosomal length occur equally in the X chromosome and in the autosomes. Interspersed nuclear elements and genetic rearrangements were analyzed to maintain the same variance between the length of the X chromosome and the autosomes. The X chromosome contained fewer short interspersed elements (SINEs) (0.90 on average); however, it did contain more long interspersed elements (LINEs) than did autosomes (1.56 on average). An overall correlation of LINEs and SINEs with genetic rearrangements was observed; however, synteny breaks were more closely associated with LINEs in the autosomes, and with SINEs in the X chromosome. These results suggest that the chromosome-specific activities of LINEs and SINEs result in the same variance between the lengths of the X chromosome and the autosomes. This is based on the function of interspersed nuclear elements, such as LINEs, which can inactivate the X chromosome and the reliance of non-autonomous SINEs on LINEs for transposition.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2010

Objectives : We investigated genetic toxicity of HMCO5 in relation to chromosome aberration test on Cultured Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) in the presence and absence of S-9 mix. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into two groups: with S-9mix (+S) or without S-9 mix (-S). -S group was also divided 2 series by treatment hours (6 hr: 6-S; or 24 hr; 24-S). Each group treated with vehicle only (complete culture medium), HMCO5 (1,250, 2,500, $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$), and cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CPA) and ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), respectively. Results : HMC05 did not show any aberrant metaphase. However, there were significant (p < 0.01) aberrant metaphases with CPA in S+ and with EMS in S-. Conclusions : These results indicate that HMC05 formula does not show any toxicity in chromosome aberration test.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 1986

Chromosome size, number and shape were studied by the centromeric index, the arm ratio and the relative length of chromosome. The chromosomes of 50 early chick embryos which were derived from a pure line of Single Comb White Leghorns were examined. Using a colchicine, hypotonic treatment, fixation and air-drying technique, the clear prometaphase figures were obtained from the whole embryo. The results of the present investigation of chromosome pairs were as follows, 1. Pair 1 and 2; metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes which could be clearly distinguished from each other by size. 2. Pair 3 and 4: acrocentric chromosomes of similar length but the 4th pair had a distinct short arm which was not present in the 3rd. 3, Pair 5; metacentric sex chromosomes, 2 chromosome had relative 5th length but the W chromosome had slightly shorter length than 7th pair of chromosomes. 4. Pair 6; acrocentric chromosomes similar in shape to pair 3 but of little more than half the size. 5, Pair 7 and 8; acrocentric chrocentric but the 7th pairs had a definite short arm. 6. Pair 9; similar length to the 7, 8 pairs but had a medially placed centromere. 7. microchromosomes of 30 pairs ; nearly all acrocentric chromosomes which appeared as paired dots. The total number of diploid was appeared to 72-78. But a number of observations presented the total diploid number in 78 (58%). The inconstancy in number observed in this study was presumably due to the minute size of the microchromosomes. Thus, the modal numbers for the diploid chromosome was at least 78.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.292-296
• /
• 2014

The deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 1 is associated with a characteristic facial appearance and a pattern of associated malformations. Characteristic manifestations include a round face with prominent 'cupid's bow' and downturned corners of the mouth, thin vermilion borders of lips, a long upper lip with a smooth philtrum, a short and broad nose, epicanthal folds, apparently low-set ears, micrognathia, microcephaly, abnormal hands and feet, variable cardiac or genital anomalies, moderate to severe mental retardation, and growth retardation. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to map precisely the deletion, we present a case of chromosome 1q44 deletion with craniofacial characteristics, multiple congenital anomalies, and growth and psychomotor retardation. In comparison with other reported cases of 1q43-44 deletion, the subject does not show hydrocephalus, seizure, syn- or polydactyly of hands, and a urogenital anomaly. However, an arachnoid cyst, pinpoint dimple on the midline of the forehead, a right-sided supernumerary nipple and auricular pit, polydactyly of the right foot, adducted thumb, and flexion restriction of the proximal interphalangeal joint with a simian line in both hands were observed additionally.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.214-218
• /
• 2022

Eleocharis R. Br. (Cyperaceae) is characterized by unbranched culms, one terminal spikelet, bisexual flowers, and bristly perianths, occurring mainly in circumboreal marshes and wetlands. There are about 250 species worldwide, and 15 taxa in Korea have been recognized. Chromosomes in Cyperaceae are known to be holocentric, missing constricted centromeres during cell division. For the first time, we report the chromosome counts of Eleocharis from Korean populations of E. attenuata f. laeviseta (Nakai) H. Hara (2n = 20); E. parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer (2n = 10); E. ussuriensis Zinserl. (2n = 16); and E. valleculosa var. setosa Ohwi (2n = 16). The populations exhibit variations in their chromosome sizes from ca.1.7 ㎛ to ca. 6 ㎛, categorized as gradient and bimodal karyotypes. The karyotypes observed are congruent with previous phylogenetic groups proposed. To clarify the traditional and phylogenetic classification of Korean Eleocharis, further taxonomic and chromosomal investigations with additional taxon sampling efforts are required.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 1976

DNA repari synthesis and chromosome aberrations induced by various concentrations of alkylating agents (MMS, MNNG, MMC) in cultured human lymphocytes and HeLa $S_3$ cells were studied to determine the possibility of correlation between these two types of biological phenomena, and the results obtained were as follows: DNA repair synthesis was detected in MMC, MNNG and MMS treated HeLa $S_3$ cells at the concentrations of $3 \\times 10^{-7}M, 1 \\times 10^{-6}M, 5 \\times 10^{-4}M$, respectively. These results indicate that MMC is the most potent mutagen followed by MNNG, and MMS is the least potent among these three types of alkylating agents. MMC and MNNG did not show any significant increases of DNA repair synthesis as dose increased, while MMS did. Chromosome aberrations induced by MMC in human lymphocytes was increased as dose increased, but not chromosome exchanges. MNNG did not induce any significant amount of chromosome aberrations with doses, and exchanges were not observed in MNNG treated cells. MMS, however, induced both chromosome aberrations and exchanges, and their rates were increased as dose increased. These results suggest that DNA repair synthesis induced by these alklating agents may not be directly related to the production of chromosome aberrations and exchanges.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 1985

The life cycle of 17 species of Trichoderma was elucidated to seize the proper stage for observing the nuclear behavior and chromosome count. The most convenient stage for the purpose in their life cycle was the stage just before producing the asexual spore. Of the 17 species in the genus Trichoderma the haploid chromosome numbers were counted 5,6,7 and 10. Six chromosomes were most frequently observed. It is believed that the basic chromosome number is placed between 4 and 10, and that the number might be 6, referring to the related papers. It appears necessary to reclassify the single genus of Trichoderma into at least two or three genera.