• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.167-175
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• 2006

It has long been recognized that cancer is a genetic disease. To find this measures of genetic instability, stain cells with chromosome specific probes using chromosome in-situ hybridization technique is adopted. Even though in-situ hybridization technique is powerful, truncation of nuclei often results in under-representation of chromosome copies in slides due to the sectioning of tissue blocks. Because of this problem we suggest three different methods to analyze the cervical cancer data set. We observe that genetic instability is an increasing function of histology and our suggested model is the best in detecting genetic instability of tumorigenesis processes.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1991

감돌고기속 어류에는 2종이 알려져 있으며 이들은 모두 한국고유어종이다. 감돌고기 Pseudopugtungia nigra의 핵형분석 결과 diploid chromosome number는 50이었으며, 7쌍의 metacentric, 18쌍의 $_{submeta}$telocentric chromosome으로 구성되어져 잇었다. 가는 돌고기 P. tenuicorpus의 2N은 50이었으며 10쌍의 metacentric, 15쌍의 $_{submeta}$telocentric chromosome으로 구성되어져 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 1995

The effect of brown rice extract on mitomycin C(MMC)-induced chromosome aberration was examined in cultured Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells, after induction of chromosome aberration and mitotic index in CHL cells cultured with MMC were observed. There were no significant differences between mitotic indices of CHL cells treated with DMSO, and MMC and brown rice extract. The frequency of chromosome aberration showed dose-dependent relationship in CHL cells treated with $0.2{\sim}3.0\;{\mu}g$/assay of MMC. But chromosome aberrations could not be assayed Our to cytotoxicity of MMC when its concentrations were above $3.0\;{\mu}g$/assay. Chromatid type, especially gap and break, of chromosome aberration were most frequently observed. When CHL cells treated with $2.0\;{\mu}g$/assay of MMC and brown rice extracts of concentration ranging $0.75{\sim}10.0\;{\mu}g$/assay were incubated, frequencies of chromosome aberration induced by MMC were significantly decreased at above concentrations(p<0.01, p<0.05). As concentration of brown rice extract was increased, frequencies of chromosome aberration was decreased $7{\sim}30%$, in some irregularity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2009

Somatic chromosome numbers for 20 taxa of Korean Artemisia L. were investigated for the purpose of classification. Somatic chromosome numbers of treated taxa were 2n = 16, 18, 34, 36, 50, 52, 54, and therefore their basic chromosome numbers were x = 8, 9, 10, 13, 17. The chromosome number of A. japonica var. angustissima is being reported for the first time in this study. The chromosome numbers of 13 taxa were the same as in previous reports; A. capillaris (2n = 18), A. japonica var. hallaisanensis (2n = 36), A. japonica subsp. littoricola (2n = 36), A. annua (2n = 18), A. carvifolia (2n = 18), A. fukudo (2n = 16), A. keiskeana (2n = 18), A. stolonifera (2n = 36), A. sylvatica(2n = 16), A. selengensis (2n = 36), A. montana (2n = 52), A. lancea (2n = 16), A. sieversiana (2n = 18); however, the chromosome numbers of 6 taxa were different; A. japonica var. japonica (2n = 18, 36 vs 2n = 36), A. sacrorum (2n = 18, 54 vs 2n = 54), A. rubripes (2n = 16, 34 vs 2n = 16), A. indica (2n = 34, 36 vs 2n = 34), A. codonocephala (2n = 18, 50, 54 vs 2n = 50), A. argyi (2n = 34, 36, 50 vs 2n =34). The somatic chromosome numbers of Korean Artemisia are thought to be good characteristics for classifying some taxa such as A. japonica var. japonica, A. sacrorum, A. codonocephala, A. argyi, A. montana, A. sylvatica.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2013

This study was carried out to determine the karyotype and chromosomal localizations of 45S and 5S rDNAs using FISH in Astragalus koraiensis. The somatic metaphase chromosome number of this species was 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number of x = 8. The karyotype of A. koraiensis was consisted of six pairs of median region chromosomes(chromosome 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and two pairs of submedian chromosomes(chromosome 2, 7). Based on the FISH, one pair of 45S rDNA site was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 5. Whereas, two pair of 5S sites were detected on the short arm of chromosome 4 and centromeric region of chromosome 7, respectively. These are quite different patterns from A. membranaceus, A. membranaceus var. alpinus, and A. mongholicus. Although A. koraiensis is considered as Korean endemic species, therefore, it should be conducted out comparative FISH study with A. sikokianus and A. bhotanensis which are very similar to A. koraiensis morphologically.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2022

Rhododendron keiskei var. hypoglaucum (Ericaceae) was recently reported in Korea, with a disjunct distribution on the southern islands of the Korean Peninsula. Although chromosome numbers and ploidy variations are important traits in angiosperms, gaining a clear understanding the cytological features of Rhododendron has been hampered by the small size of its chromosomes. We herein report the chromosome number, karyotype structure, and genome size of R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum for the first time. The chromosome number of the investigated plants was 2n = 26 with x = 13 as the base chromosome number, which is the one of the frequently encountered base chromosome numbers in Rhododendron. The karyotype of R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum is composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes similar in length, which ranged from 1.39 to 2.40 ㎛. The DNA 1C-value in all examined accessions was small, ranging from 0.63 to 0.65 pg, further supporting the stable genome size in Rhododendron. These comprehensive cytological results provide a framework for detailed molecular, cytogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses that can be used to interpret the slow species diversification rate in Rhododendron.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with nine reproduction and morphological traits in three breed populations of Chinese goats. Methods: The genome-wide association of nine reproduction and morphological traits (litter size, nipple number, wattle, skin color, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were analyzed in three Chinese native goat breeds (n = 336) using an Illumina Goat SNP50 Beadchip. Results: A total of 17 genome-wide or chromosome-wide significant SNPs associated with one reproduction trait (litter size) and six morphological traits (wattle, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were identified in three Chinese native goat breeds, and the candidate genes were annotated. The significant SNPs and corresponding putative candidate genes for each trait are as follows: two SNPs located on chromosomes 6 (CSN3) and 24 (TCF4) for litter size trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 9 (KATNA1) and 1 (UBASH3A) for wattle trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 26 (SORCS3), 24 (DYM), and 20 (PDE4D) for coat color trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 18 (TCF25) and 15 (CLMP) for black dorsal line trait; four SNPs located on chromosome 8, 2 (PAX3), 5 (PIK3C2G), and 28 (PLA2G12B and OIT3) for beard trait; one SNP located on chromosome 18 (KCNG4) for beard length trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 17 (GLRB and GRIA2), 28 (PGBD5), and 4 for hind leg hair trait. In contrast, there were no SNPs identified for nipple number and skin color. Conclusion: The significant SNPs or genes identified in this study provided novel insights into the genetic mechanism underlying important reproduction and morphological traits of three local goat breeds in Southern China as well as further potential applications for breeding goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1066-1074
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• 2015

In contrast to high genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), equine Y chromosome shows extremely low variability, implying limited patrilines in the domesticated horse. In this study, we applied direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods to investigate the polymorphisms of 33 Y chromosome specific loci in 304 Chinese indigenous horses from 13 breeds. Consequently, two Y-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Y-45701/997 and Y-50869) and one Y-indel (Y-45288) were identified. Of those, the Y-50869 (T>A) revealed the highest variation frequency (24.67%), whereas it was only 3.29% and 1.97% in Y-45288 (T/-) and Y-45701/997 (G>T) locus, respectively. These three mutations accounted for 27.96% of the total samples and identified five Y-SNP haplotypes, demonstrating genetic diversity of Y chromosome in Chinese horses. In addition, all the five YSNP haplotypes were shared by different breeds. Among 13 horse breeds analyzed, Balikun horse displayed the highest nucleotide diversity (${\pi}=5.6{\times}10^{-4}$) and haplotype diversity (h = 0.527), while Ningqiang horse showed the lowest nucleotide diversity (${\pi}=0.00000$) and haplotype diversity (h = 0.000). The results also revealed that Chinese horses had a different polymorphic pattern of Y chromosome from European and American horses. In conclusion, Chinese horses revealed genetic diversity of Y chromosome, however more efforts should be made to better understand the domestication and paternal origin of Chinese indigenous horses.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated genetic toxicity of HMCO5 in relation to chromosome aberration test on Cultured Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) in the presence and absence of S-9 mix. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into two groups: with S-9mix (+S) or without S-9 mix (-S). -S group was also divided 2 series by treatment hours (6 hr: 6-S; or 24 hr; 24-S). Each group treated with vehicle only (complete culture medium), HMCO5 (1,250, 2,500, $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$), and cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CPA) and ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), respectively. Results : HMC05 did not show any aberrant metaphase. However, there were significant (p < 0.01) aberrant metaphases with CPA in S+ and with EMS in S-. Conclusions : These results indicate that HMC05 formula does not show any toxicity in chromosome aberration test.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.304-307
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• 2017

We report somatic chromosome numbers for three species belonging to the Euphorbia pekinensis complex distributed in Far East Asia. In E. pekinensis populations distributed in Korea, 2n = 28 and 56 were found, while the Japanese native E. lasiocaula was also found at 2n = 28 and 56 and the Japanese endemic E. sinanensis was found at 2n = 20. Based on the number of chromosomes, E. lasiocaula distributed in Japan supports treatment as a variety of E. pekinensis rather than as a different species, while E. sinanensis should be recognized as a distinct species rather than as a variety of E. pekinensis. In the same populations of E. pekinensis and E. lasiocaula, diploid and tetraploid individuals were found, and the diversity of these chromosome numbers was consistent with the morphological diversity of these populations, suggesting the future evolutionary potential of this species.