• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.384-392
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to estimated nitrogen content and chlorophyll using RGB, Hyperspectral sensors to diagnose of nitrogen nutrition in apple tree leaves. Spectral data were acquired through image processing after shooting with high resolution RGB and hyperspectral sensor for two-year-old 'Hongro/M.9' apple. Growth data measured chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) immediately after shooting. The growth model was developed by using regression analysis (simple, multi, partial least squared) with growth data (chlorophyll, LNC) and spectral data (SPAD meter, color vegetation index, wavelength). As a result, chlorophyll and LNC showed a statistically significant difference according to nitrogen fertilizer level regardless of date. Leaf color became pale as the nutrients in the leaf were transferred to the fruit as over time. RGB sensor showed a statistically significant difference at the red wavelength regardless of the date. Also hyperspectral sensor showed a spectral difference depend on nitrogen fertilizer level for non-visible wavelength than visible wavelength at June 10th and July 14th. The estimation model performance of chlorophyll, LNC showed Partial least squared regression using hyperspectral data better than Simple and multiple linear regression using RGB data (Chlorophyll R²: 81%, LNC: 81%). The reason is that hyperspectral sensor has a narrow Full Half at Width Maximum (FWHM) and broad wavelength range (400-1,000 nm), so it is thought that the spectral analysis of crop was possible due to stress cause by nitrogen deficiency. In future study, it is thought that it will contribute to development of high quality and stable fruit production technology by diagnosis model of physiology and pest for all growth stage of tree using hyperspectral imagery.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_3
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• pp.1817-1826
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• 2022

After the hydrogen fluoride leak in Gumi in 2012, the government has been systemizing the disaster management system, such as responding to and managing chemical accidents. In particular, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) is in charge of evacuation of residents following chemical accidents based on the Framework Act on Management of Disaster and Safety. In this study, an application plan was presented to support and utilize the decision-making support for evacuation of residents after a chemical accident using the chemical accident investigation equipment of the National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI). In the equipment operation system for scientific information collection due to chemical accidents, the roles and purpose of use of long/short distance measurement equipment were presented according to regular and emergency situations. Using the data acquired through long/short distance measurement equipment, it can be used as basic data for resident evacuation decision-making by monitoring whether chemicals are detected in an emergency and managing data on detected substances by company in a regular situation. As a result of measuring chemical substances in order to verify on-site usability by equipment only for the regular operation system, it was confirmed that real-time detection of chemical substances is possible with long distance measuring equipment. In addition, it was confirmed that it was necessary to check the measurable distance and range of the equipment in the future. In the case of short distance measurement equipment, hydrocarbon-based substances were mainly detected, and it was confirmed that it was measured at a higher level in Ulsan-Mipo National Industrial Complex than in Onsan National Industrial Complex. It is expected that it can be used as basic data to support decision-making in the event of chemical accidents through continuous data construction in the future.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_2
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• pp.1607-1622
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the actual performance of cool roof in preventing absorbed solar radiation. The spatial correlation between surface temperature and absorbed solar radiation is the method by which the performance of a cool roof can be understood and evaluated. The research area of this study is the vicinity of Jangyu Mugye-dong, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, where an actual cool roof is applied. FLIR Vue Pro R thermal infrared sensor, Micasense Red-Edge multi-spectral sensor and DJI H20T visible spectral sensor was used for aerial photography, with attached to the drone DJI Matrice 300 RTK. To perform the spatial correlation analysis, thermal infrared orthomosaics, absorbed solar radiation distribution maps were constructed, and land cover features of roof were extracted based on the drone aerial photographs. The temporal scope of this research ranged over 9 points of time at intervals of about 1 hour and 30 minutes from 7:15 to 19:15 on July 27, 2021. The correlation coefficient values of 0.550 for the normal roof and 0.387 for the cool roof were obtained on a daily average basis. However, at 11:30 and 13:00, when the Solar altitude was high on the date of analysis, the difference in correlation coefficient values between the normal roof and the cool roof was 0.022, 0.024, showing similar correlations. In other time series, the values of the correlation coefficient of the normal roof are about 0.1 higher than that of the cool roof. This study assessed and evaluated the potential of an actual cool roof to prevent solar radiation heating a rooftop through correlation comparison with a normal roof, which serves as a control group, by using high-resolution drone images. The results of this research can be used as reference data when local governments or communities seek to adopt strategies to eliminate the phenomenon of urban heat islands.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2022

This study examined the perceptions of Myanmar university students and professors regarding the status and necessity of higher education programs in fashion. Data were collected from professors in textile engineering at Yangon Technological University and Myanmar university students. Closed- and open-ended questions were asked either through interviews or by email. The responses were analyzed using keyword extraction and categorization, and descriptive statistics(closed questions). Generally, the professors perceived higher education, as well as the cultural industries including art and fashion, as important for Myanmar's social and economic development. According to the students interests in pursuing a degree in textile were limited, despite the high interest in fashion. Low wages in the apparel industry and lack of fashion degrees that meet the demand of students were cited as reasons. The demand was high for educational programs in fashion product development, fashion design, pattern-making, fashion marketing, branding, management, costume history, and cultural studies. Students expected to find their future career in textiles and clothing factories. Many students wanted to be hired by global fashion brands for higher salaries and training for advanced knowledge and technical skills. They perceived advanced fashion education programs will have various positive effects on Myanmar's national economy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.339-346
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• 2022

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black soybean Sunsik product with functional food ingredients and functional labeling system. We prepared black soybean Sunsik (BS) containing black beans, cereals, and vegetables. Black soybean Sunsik with nondigestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate (BSN) was prepared by adding non-digestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate to the base recipe to apply a functional labeling system. The particle size in BS was 118.00 ㎛, whereas BSN was 127.00 ㎛. The respective L, a, and b color values of BS were 73.25, 2.36, and 14.21. The respective L, a, and b values of BSN were 73.21, 2.36, and 14.31. The respective water retention capacities of BS and BSN were 241.67% and 216.33%. No significant difference was observed between BS and BSN in the three physicochemical properties described above. However, the pH of BSN was 5.45, which was significantly lower than that of BS. The total respective phenolic contents of BS and BSN were 1.75 mg GAE/g and 1.61 mg GAE/g, and total respective flavonoid contents of BS and BSN were 6.36 mg RE/g and 5.95 mg RE/g. The antioxidant capacities of BS and BSN were compared via assays of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and reducing power. The antioxidant activities of BS and BSN increased in a dose-dependant manner. No significant difference between BS and BSN was observed in any measure of antioxidant capacity. These results suggested that the addition of functional food ingredients (non-digestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate) did not affect the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black soybean Sunsik.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.707-727
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• 2020

This study aims to empirically analyze the role that perception of the probability of lonely death among the elderly people living alone plays in the relationship between perceived social support and preference for institutional care based on Andersen's expanded Behavioral Model (2002). The subjects (n=676) of this study were the elderly people living alone, extracted from the "2018 Seoul Aging Survey." With "perceived social support" as an independent variable, "preference for institutional care" as a dependent variable, and "perception of the probability of lonely death" as a mediator variable, we conducted a Binary Logistic Regression to follow the three steps of analyzing mediation effect, as suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986). The results showed that perceived social support has a negative effect on the preference for institutional care and perception of the probability of lonely death among the elderly people living alone; at the same time, perception of the probability of lonely death was found to have a positive effect on their preference for institutional care. Lastly, perception of the probability of lonely death was found to partially mediate the effect of perceived social support among the elderly people living alone in terms of their preference for institutional care. Based on these findings, the practical implications of this study can be summarized as follows. First, various programs and support should be provided to the elderly people living alone in order to enhance the level of perceived social support, a factor that has been confirmed to increase preference for institutional care among the elderly people living alone. Second, as the perception of the probability of lonely death was confirmed to be a psychosocial factor of the preference for institutional care, we need to promote education and support for older people living alone to prepare them for lonely death. These efforts are expected to form a foundations for implementing a community-based integrated care system, "Aging in Place," which is the policy direction required for older people care.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 2020

Purpose: The need for revision fusion surgery after spinal fusion has increased. A revision rod that connects to the previous rod was newly developed for revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological results after spinal fusion revision surgery using revision rods. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients who underwent revision fusion surgery after spinal fusion in two university hospitals with minimum 1 year follow-up were reviewed. This study assessed 16 cases of adjacent-segment disease, four cases of thoracolumbar fracture, and one case of ossification of ligament flavum. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and numerical rating scale (NRS) were evaluated as clinical outcomes, and the union rate, lordosis or kyphosis of the revision level, lumbar lordosis, T5-12 kyphosis, and proximal junctional kyphosis angle were evaluated as the radiological outcomes. Results: The average ODI was 54.6±12.5 before surgery and improved to 29.8±16.5 at the final follow-up. The NRS for back pain and leg pain was 5.0±1.7 and 6.4±2.0 before surgery, which changed to 2.9±1.6 and 2.9±2.2 at the final follow-up. Lumbar lordosis was 18.1°±11.9° before surgery and 21.1°±10.3° at the final follow-up. Proximal junctional kyphosis was 10.8°±10.1° before surgery, and 9.2°±10.5° at the final follow-up. These angles were not changed significantly after surgery. Bony union was successful in all cases except for one case who underwent posterolateral fusion. Conclusion: Revision surgery using a newly developed revision rod on the thoracolumbar spine achieved good clinical outcomes with successful bony union. No problems with the newly developed revision rod were encountered.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2020

Purpose: Total femoral replacement (TFR) is an extreme form of limb salvage. Considering the rarity of this procedure, reports have focused on the complications and a proper indication is unclear. This study analyzed 36 patients with TFR who were asked the following: 1) prognostic factors related to survival in patients who underwent TFR with a tumoral cause; 2) overall implant and limb survival; 3) complications, functional outcome, and limb status for patients surviving for more than 3 years. Materials and Methods: According to the causes for TFR, 36 patients were categorized into three groups: extensive primary tumoral involvement (group 1, 15 cases), tumoral contamination by an inadvertent procedure or local recurrence (group 2, 16 cases), and salvage of a failed reconstruction (group 3, 5 cases). The factors that may affect the survival of patients included age, sex, cause of TFR, and tumor volume change after chemotherapy. Results: The overall five-year survival of the 36 patients was 31.5%±16.2%. The five-year survival of 31 patients with tumoral causes was 21.1%±15.6%. The five-year survival of 50.0%±31.0% in patients with a decreased tumor volume after chemotherapy was higher than that of increased tumor volume (p=0.02). The five-year survival of 12 cases with a wide margin was 41.7%±27.9%, whereas that of the marginal margin was 0.0%±0.0% (p=0.03). The ten-year overall implant survival of 36 patients was 85.9%±14.1%. The five-year revision-free survival was 16.6%±18.2%. At the final follow-up, 12 maintained tumor prosthesis, three underwent amputation (rotationplasty, 2; above knee amputation, 1), and the remaining one had knee fusion. Among 16 patients with a follow-up of more than three years, 14 patients underwent surgical intervention and two patients had conservative management. Complications included infection in 10 cases, local recurrences in two cases, and one case each of hip dislocation, bushing fracture, and femoral artery occlusion. Conclusion: Patients showing an increased tumor volume after chemotherapy and having an inadequate surgical margin showed a high chance of early death. In the long-term follow-up, TFR showed a high infection rate and the functional outcome was unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, this procedure is an inevitable option of limb preservation in selected patients.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.511-519
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• 2020

Purpose: Schwannoma is a benign tumor that occurs mainly in the peripheral nerve. If the tumor is large or is in areas other than the nerves, it is likely to be mistaken for malignant soft tissue tumors. The authors reviewed 50 cases of giant schwannomas and assessed the distribution of the primary locations, clinical symptoms, radiological and pathological diagnosis, and diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: Of the 214 pathologically confirmed schwannomas, 50 cases with a maximum diameter of 5 cm or more were extracted. The entire cohort was classified into three subgroups (major peripheral nerve, intramuscular, bone) according to the primary location, and the anatomical locations were specified. Results: When the entire cohort was classified according to the primary location, 14 tumors occurred in the major peripheral nerve, 31 cases in the muscle, and 5 cases in the bone. The mean size of the tumor in the entire cohort was 7.0 cm, and the intramuscular subgroup had the largest size with 8.0 cm. The radiological diagnosis revealed 33 out of 50 cases to be benign schwannoma (66.0%), 15 cases as low-grade malignancy (30.0%), and the remaining two cases (4.0%) as a suspicious tuberculosis abscess and tenosynovial giant cell tumor, respectively. On the clinical symptoms, Tinel sign was the most common in the peripheral nerve group with 78.6% (11/14), while 93.5% of the intramuscular group had palpation of the mass with a mean duration of 66.6 months. In the bone group, one out of five cases was reported as a low-grade malignancy. Two cases of postoperative complications were encountered; one was bleeding after tumor excision, which required hemostasis, and the other was peroneal nerve palsy after surgery. Conclusion: When assessing the large-sized soft tissue tumors in the muscles, the possibility of a benign schwannoma should be considered if 1) there is a long period of mass palpation and 2) non-specific findings in MRI. Preoperative pathology confirmation with a biopsy can help reduce the risk of overtreatment.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2021

Purpose: Periprosthetic fractures of a tumor prosthesis are rare but have difficulties in achieving sound fixation because of the poor bone quality, which increases the risk of loosening or re-fracture, even after bone union. A cortical strut onlay allograft was adopted for peri-prosthetic fractures after hip arthroplasty into the periprosthetic fracture of a tumor prosthesis, assuming that it would assist in firm fixation, shorten the time to union, and increase the bone stock, thereby, lower the chance of loosening and re-fracture. Materials and Methods: This study reviewed 27 patients (30 cases) of periprosthetic fracture of tumor prosthesis. Sixteen cases (allograft group) had augmentation with an onlay allograft, while 14 cases (conventional group) had internal fixation or conservative treatment. The following were assessed; mode of periprosthetic fracture, difference in the time to union between a strut cortical onlay allograft and without it, and survival of prosthesis, complication, and functional outcome between the two groups. Results: According to the unified classification system (UCS), 21 cases were type B (70.0%; B1, 14; B2, 1; B3, 6) and 9 cases were type C. The five-, 10-year survival of the 30 reconstructions by Kaplan-Meier plot was 84.5%±4.18% and 42.2%±7.83%, respectively. The average time to bone union of the entire cohort was 5.1 months (range, 2.0-11.2 months). The allograft group (3.5 months) showed a shorter period for union than the conventional group (7.2 months) (p<0.0001). All four cases of major complications occurred in the conventional group. Two cases with loosening and anterior angulation were treated with a change of prosthesis, and another with infection underwent amputation. The remaining case with loosening had conservative management. At the final follow-up, the average Musculosketal Tumor Society score of the allograft group (26.1) was better than that of the conventional group (20.9). Conclusion: Bone union in periprosthetic fractures of a tumor prosthesis can be achieved, but the minimization of complications is important. An onlay allograft facilitates firm fixation and increases the bone stock with a shortened time to union. This simple method can minimize the risk of loosening, joint contracture, and re-fracture.