• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze deterioration characteristics of color-pigments painted Hanji to preserve and restore the cultural properties. On the traditional painting technique, glue was used with pigments in various ways for painting, but it eventually caused the deterioration of paintings. Thus, five colors were selected and analyzed for this study for investigating their characteristics of deteriration. Three kinds of glues (Wugyo, Nokgyo, and Togyo) and two kinds of pigments (Chinese and Gilsang) were painted on the Hanji for the accelerated aging test. And then color fastness of pigments and tensile strength of painted Hanji were measured for the estimation of deterioration degree. The results of SEM-EDS showed that Chinese pigments including blue, yellow, green, and red were composed of inorganic substances but the brown was organic substance. Gilsang pigments were composed mainly of Si and Ti ions. Color fastness of the Gilsang pigment blue, yellow, green, and brown were better than those of Chinese. Chinese pigment brown with organic substance showed the worst color fastness. Generally, Chinese pigments painted Hanji showed higher tensile strength than Gilsang in the accelerated aging test. Hanji treated with Chinese pigment and Nokgyo (antler glue) blends and Gilsang pigment and Togyo (rabbit pelt glue) blends showed higher tensile strength than the others. And Andong Hanji showed the highest tensile strength.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2021

Recently, the number of users has risen sharply while the development speed of the Chinese game industry is rapidly developing. The game industry has already become a promising industry in China's cultural industry. With the rapid development of the Chinese game industry, the demand for specialized game designers and game development personnel is urgent. Still, at present, it is difficult for graduates to get a job at a game company every year even if a new game design department is established at a Chinese university. This may be due to a conflict between the education of the game major in the game market. In this paper, we present a customized development strategy while summarizing the problems that existed in the Chinese game design department in the rapidly developing background of the game industry, Try to provide a valuable opinion. and use it as a reference for the future development of education in the Chinese game major.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.470-481
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• 2020

Cultural industry's role in national economic growth has increased gradually and drawn increasing attention due to the immense window effect on other industries. Especially, China has fully pushed forward with the development of cultural industry to sophisticate industrial structure since the 2000's. In Korea, the cultural industry has played the leading role in the national economic growth through intensive investment relatively early compared with China. Under the circumstance, this study compared the cultural industry efficiency between China and Korea to examine cultural industry's impact on economic growth and its potentials. The greatest difficulty in comparing the cultural industry efficiency between China and Korea is the development of comparable statistical data. This study chose the number of businesses and the number of employees as the input variables for efficiency analysis and the sales of cultural industry, the output variable. Also, the efficiency was comparatively analyzed through DEA-Malmquist index. Integrated DB about local governments and basic data from KOSIS were used for Korean data and the National Bureau of Statistics of China's data were used for Chinese data. The analysis period was set to 2013-2017. According to analysis, the Malmquist index for Korea was 1.048 and China, 1.041. In other words, Korea improved the efficiency by 4.8% during the analyzed period and China, 4.1%. This result can be attributed to the fact that the cultural industry in Korea was reaching maturity during this period while the cultural industry in China was entering the growth period.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.439-449
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in persuasive effectiveness of visual merchandising between consumers in Korea and China including the moderating roles of shopping value in effectiveness of visual merchandising. For the cross-cultural experiment, 2(degree of sensuousness of VM: high vs. low)${\times}$2(involvement: high vs. low)${\times}$2(nation: Korea vs. China) factorial design were used. A total of 480 questionnaires allocating 60 students to each group were distributed. The results were as follows. First, Chinese consumers were likely to respond favorably regardless of the degree of sensuousness of VM, while Korean consumers were more positive in high degree of sensuousness of VM. Second, aesthetic cognition of VM and attitude toward VM had positive influences on brand cognition in both countries. Third, Korean consumers with greater recognition of aesthetic attributes of VM had more positive brand attitude, while Chinese consumers with greater recognition of utilitarian attributes of VM had more positive brand attitude. Fourth, there were moderating effects of shopping value in persuasive effectiveness of VM in Chinese consumer group, while there were no significant moderating effects in Korean consumer group. With the cross-cultural interpretation of the fin-dings, strategic implications and suggestions for the global fashion retailing, specifically fashion visual merchandising, are provided.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine and compare satisfaction with Korean health care services for Americans, Chinese and Russians who resided in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 252 participants (81 Americans, 89 Chinese, 82 Russians). Three focus group interviews were subsequently conducted in order to obtain a greater understanding of participants' experience and perspectives. Results: The average satisfaction score was 3.09, with Americans and Russians showing significantly higher scores than Chinese. Overall, participants reported higher satisfaction in 'Facility', 'Quality of care' and 'Nursing services' as opposed to 'Information/education'. 'Care with cultural respect' as well as communication related services. Data from the focus group interviews were categorized into 12 sub-categories, 7 categories and 2 themes. The two themes were common experience and contrasting experience. Common experience included 4 categories, 'Quality of care', 'Hospital facility and health care system', 'Language barrier' and 'Information and education'. Contrasting experience included 3 categories, 'Medical cost', 'Health care personnel' and 'Accessibility'. Conclusion: Results of this study provide basic knowledge on foreign residents' satisfaction and experience with Korean health care services. Further research is needed with foreigners from different cultural backgrounds. Administrative and educational efforts are required to improve communication skills and cultural competency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.478-482
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• 2010

Considering the globalization and the development of regional culture, culture and design become more and more closely connected. It is obvious that every country, based on politics, economy, society, industry, has a different understanding to the design. With the popularity of mobile phone, it has been in close contact with our lives. Mobile phone is changing our way of life, it also has become a culture, and is reflected in a period in different countries and different ethnic's cultural traditions and lifestyle. In this paper, the study is about the impact of culture on mobile telephone design and application, especially for appearance and input for mobile telephone.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.191-209
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• 2015

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social media has been recognized as one of the most influential marketing tools across various businesses. Understanding eWOM in social media is critical to reach potential global consumers easily and quickly in the hospitality industry. However, few empirical studies in hospitality attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of eWOM in social media from a global perspective. Given the competitive climate of the hospitality market, it is meaningful for hospitality marketers to evaluate the effectiveness of eWOM in social media and the influence of cultural factors to promote customers and increase profitability globally. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cultural values on social media eWOM in the hospitality industry in China, Korea, and the USA. The result of this study indicates Chinese and American people engage more than Korean people when they try to purchase hospitality product and service This study particularly provided a cross-cultural study of comparison among these countries and the findings of this study are expected to provide important practical assistance for global marketing strategies in social media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.669-680
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• 2008

Korea's national image can be delivered through cultural products, and cultural products can finally contribute to the affirmative attitude and recognition towards Korea. In an empirical study, a questionnaire was developed based on literature review and focus group interviews with foreigners who visit Korea were executed. Subjects of this study were foreign visitors from US, China, and Japan. Finally, a total of 247 copies were used for analyses. Descriptive analyses, factor analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and paired sample t-test were conducted for data analysis, Results are as follows. Firstly, as a result of factor analysis, I found that there were seven factors to form the image of Korea; culture/art, openness, lechnology/quality, food culture, passionate narcissism, conservativeness, and pursuit of quality of life. Secondly, Several image factors were found to influence positively or negatively on their attitude toward fashion cultural products. Especially, culture/art factor was found to influence positively to Chinese and Japanese and lechnology/quality factor was found to influence positively to Japanese and American. Meanwhile, conservativeness factor was found to influence negatively to Chinese. This study will be of help to practitioners of the fashion cultural product industry for building marketing strategies whose target market is foreign visitors from different cultural backgrounds.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.63-82
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• 2017

This study explores the barrier factors of Chinese private-owned enterprises in overseas expansion in terms of corruption, political risk, market fluctuation, cultural difference, and firms resource endowments. To explore the existing practical backgrounds, it was investigated to private-owned enterprises dealing with foreign export companies where run business in Hohhot, Baotou and Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China. The result shows that the corruption and political risks of host countries do not have significant influence on business performance in 'Go global' strategy, while the market fluctuation of host countries has a negative effect on business performance. Cultural difference has a negative effect on business performance, and enterprises' resource endowments have a positive effect on business performance in 'Go global' strategy. Additionally, interviewees provide several substantial suggestions regarding the government policy and industry ecosystem to surmount the barriers of POEs' going global. Lastly, the authors discuss managerial implications and provide several suggestions for the future studies.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

Drama, as an artistic stage performance style of traditional life style, has built a bridge of communication between the two nationalities in China and Korea. However, the different performance procedures and cultural backgrounds of different countries make the theatrical arts of China and Korea present different stage manifestations. The dissemination and influence of the Chinese drama and in Korea are mainly studied in this paper. By using the methods of work analysis and text analysis, this paper further explores the evolution history of drama communication, the influence of Chinese drama on Korea, which embodies the cultural transmission, and explores the influence of communication and the acceptance degree of the audience. It has the significance and value of research, at the same time, it promotes the long-term development of national culture.