• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 2006

This paper investigates the pricing information transmission between NYSE listed Chinese ADRs and their underlying shares by using GJR. The data in this study consist of daytime and overnight returns on 7 chinese stocks End their ADRs on the NYSE for the period from December 2002 to december 2005. We have round that the home market leadership hypothesis can be applied to the Chinese stocks. We have also found that return spillover effect is stronger than volatility spillover effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.903-909
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• 2004

The variability of mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVS I) sequences was investigated in a total of 48 birds belonging to 12 Chinese native chicken breeds. Sixteen haplotypes were identified from 35 polymorphic nucleotide sites which accounted for 6.4% of a sequenced 544 bp fragment. Diversity analysis of the haplotypes showed that Tibetan, Langshan and Henan cockfight chicken had only one haplotype, while ancient haplotypes existed in Taihe silky and Chahua chicken. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes suggested that Chinese native chicken breeds shared 5 maternal lineages and some breeds would share the same maternal lineage, regardless of their external features and ecological types. Both divergent and phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes indicated the close genetic relationships between the Chinese native chicken breeds and G. g. gallus and G. g. spadiceus from different areas, which implied that G. g. gallus and G. g. spadiceus were the original ancestors of the Chinese native chicken breeds.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.162-173
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• 1998

Writing a CAI program containing Chinese characters requires a common Chinese character code to share information for educational purposes. A Chinese character code setting needs to allow a mixed use of both vowel and stroke order, to represent Chinese characters in simplified Chinese as well as in Japanese version, and to have a conversion process for data exchange among different sets of Chinese codes. Waste in code area is expected when vowel order is used because heteronyms are recognized as different. However, using stroke order facilitates in data recovery preventing duplicate code generation, though it does not comply with the phonetic rule. We claim that the first and second level Chinese code area needs to be expanded as much as academic and industrial circles have demanded. Also, we assert that Unicode can be a temporary measure for an educational code system due to its interoperability, expandability, and expressivity of character sets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 2009

Aiming at finding symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeup in Chinese Beijing Opera("BO"), this study formulated a theoretical framework mainly from literature in the Symbolism and symbolistically analyzed materials related to BO makeup from literature, internet web pages and illustrated news concerning performing arts. Main objects to analyze are the characteristics of four main roles in BO and the patterns, symbols, ornaments and traditions of Beijing Opera facial makeup("BOFM"). Four main roles are Sheng, Tan, Ching and Chou, categorized by gender, age, social position and personality. The result to analyze symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeups for the roles in BO are as follows: the patterns and colors of BOFM function as explanations to help audiences understand each role's personality and dramatic situations as well as provide hints about the development and ending of an opera: that is, BO makeup is a communicative intermediary between audiences and actors in BO. It tends to follow the stereotypes, which conventionally dress and exaggerate the characters of roles, and copy the traditional Chinese perception about colors. Thus, by the metaphysical and typical expression of BOFM, Chinese people have not been pursuing the realism in opera but applying BO makeup to a mutual communication method between audiences and performing artists as to share their collective cultural heritages and spirits. Threfore, BO makeup has been an interacting language between the two entities and grown within the history of BO as a beauty art to highlight a BO by its unique systems, ornaments and beauty.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.193-210
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• 2013

China has emerged as the world's factory since the economic reform in 1987, and the Chinese economy has been growing at a rapid pace. Now, China is considered as one of the biggest markets in the world. Thus, many Korean IT service companies including open market operators have interests in expanding their business into China. However, to be successful in Chinese online shopping market, Korean open market operators should check the cultural differences between the online shoppers in Korea and China at first, Under this background, this study proposes the factors affecting user satisfaction in open market services based on the revised Delone and McLean model. Then, it investigates the differences in the effects of these factors across Korea and China. For empirical analysis, we collected the survey data from open market users in both countries, and applied multiple regression analysis to the data. As a result, we found significant differences between Korean and Chinese open market users. Also, we found that most of these differences could be explained using Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions theory. The findings of this paper imply that Korean and Chinese users may respond differently to IT services, though Korea and China are geographically close and share a similar cultural background.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.267-282
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• 2011

This study investigated Korean and Chinese female college students' retirement attitudes. Considering the fact that the two countries are experiencing dramatic increases in elderly population, retirement planning is a significant social issue. Even though Korea and China share similar cultural backgrounds, economic systems and governmental retirement policies have been developed in different ways. The purpose of this research was to compare retirement attitudes and related factors between Korean and Chinese female college students. Based on a survey with 214 female college students (130 Koreans and 84 Chinese), differences and similarities in retirement attitudes and related factors were identified. On average, Chinese female college students showed more positive attitudes towards retirement than Korean students. The levels of thinking about retirement and worrying about finances in retirement were greater for Korean students than Chinese students. More Korean students anticipated that their actual retirement age will be earlier than their desired retirement age. Korean students believed that they should start retirement planning at an earlier age than Chinese students' retirement planning age. Korean students anticipated that the cost for food and housing as the major expenditure category in retirement while Chinese students anticipated cost for health care as the major expenditure category. Korean students who worry about finances in retirement, and those who anticipated that they will retire earlier than their desired age showed negative retirement attitudes when controlling other factors. Implications for retirement planning and education were presented based on the research findings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-429
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• 2010

To develop an efficient DNA typing system for Chinese Holstein cattle, 17 microsatellites, which were amplified in four fluorescent multiplex reactions and genotyped by two capillary electrophoresis injections, were evaluated for parentage verification and identity test. These markers were highly polymorphic with a mean of 8.35 alleles per locus and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.711 in 371 individuals. Parentage exclusion probability with only one sampled parent was approximately 0.999. Parentage exclusion probability when another parent' genotype was known was over 0.99999. Overall probability of identity, i.e. the probability that two animals share a common genotype by chance, was $1.52{\times}10^{-16}$. In a test case of parentage assignment, the 17 loci assigned 31 out of 33 cows to the pedigree sires with 95% confidence, while 2 cows were excluded from the paternity relationship with candidate sires. The results demonstrated the high efficacy of the 17 markers in parentage analysis and individual identification for Chinese Holstein cattle.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2017

Background: Asian ginseng and American ginseng are functional foods that share a close genetic relationship and are well-known worldwide. This article aims to investigate the correlation between morphological characteristics and the inherent quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Methods: In this study, an ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS) method was established for the quantitative analysis of 45 ginseng samples. The method developed for determination was precise and accurate. Results: The results showed that Asian ginseng samples with the same growing time (with the same or similar number of stem scars) that had a thinner main root, a longer rhizome and more branch roots contained greater amounts of ginsenosides. For American ginseng, two tendencies were observed in the relationship between the diameter of the main root and contents of ginsenosides. One tendency was that samples with thinner main roots tended to contain higher levels of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-shen. Another tendency was that samples with thicker main roots contained higher contents of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-mian, as well as in samples of American ginseng cultivated in Jilin, China. Conclusion: An approach using ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS was successfully established to link morphology and active components for evaluating the quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Clear correlation between visible morphological features and quality of Asian and American ginsengs was found. People can see the difference; this means consumers and vendors can evaluate ginseng by themselves.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.74
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• pp.81-103
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• 2017

The cross-border trade(CBT) market has grown significantly due to the global spread of the Internet and mobile. China has become a very important market because of its share of 78% in 2016 in the export of korea's CBT. To sum up this phenomenon, First, the forms of distribution and trade, in which the O2O method is utilized, are settled. Next, it is necessary to develop a new strategy to expand the stagnant export of Korea. In particular, it is time to look for an effective export expansion strategy to expand market share in the fast-growing Chinese market. For this purpose, this study proposed a strategy for efficient use of logistics as a countermeasure against China's CBT laws and regulations and development of CBT exports to China to develop effective export strategies.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.181-195
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• 2005

This study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the changing vegetable sector of Chinese agriculture and to analyse the competitiveness of Chinese vegetable production. China now produces more than 60% of the world's vegetable supply and that 150 million people are engaged in vegetable production, processing and marketing since the reform of vegetable industry structure started in the late 1980s. As a labour abundant industry, China also features more comparative advantages in the vegetable trade. Although China's vegetable exports still accounts for only 1% of total production, the 5 million tons of export in 2003 makes China one of the largest vegetable players in the international markets. When estimating competitiveness of China's vegetable industry, China's producers' prices for vegetables are founded to be only from 10%~40% of what they are in Korea, while most of China's vegetables have also strong competitiveness in quality. As China joined the WTO in 2001 and expects to increase market share in vegetable trade, the development strategy for Korea's vegetable industry are suggested as follows; 1) focusing on the technology for the growth of vegetable productivity, 2) developing the higher value added vegetable industry through processing, 3) expanding the exported area and leading vegetable varieties.