• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of clothing behavior with such psychological variables as self-esteem and impulsiveness, to disclose the relationship between children's clothing behavior and their mother's child-rearing attitueds, to investigate the levels of clothing behavior according to children's sex and their mothers having job. Questionaires for clothing behavior and child-rearing attitudes were chosen from ones which were used in privious studies, and the items were selected on the Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient. For mearsurement of impulsiveness, a portion of "personality Inventory" by Beommo Chung was used, while Robinson and Shaver's self-esteem scale was adopted for mearsutement of self-esteem. Clothing behavior was composed of 6 variables: clothing interest, clothing satisfation, clothing management, clothing sex-role, clothing comfort, and clothing independence. Samples were 380 boys and girls (4th, 5th, 6th grade) of three elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. The data were analyzed by correlation coefficient, t-test, F-test, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Self-esteem had positive relations with clothing satisfaction, clothing management, and clothing sex-role. Girls who had higher self-esteem were less interested in traditional sex-role attitudes in clothing. Boys who had higher self-esteem were higher in clothing independence. 2. Those who had higher impulsiveness were higher in clothing interest, but lowere in clothing satisfaction, clothing management, and clothing independence. 3. Loving and receptive child-rearing attitude had positive relations with clothing satisfaction and clothing management, but a negative relation with clothing sex-role. When mothers had higher loving and receptive child-rearing attitude, their sons had higher traditional attitude in clothing sex-role. Democratic and self-regulating child-rearing attitude had no relation with clothing behavior. 4. To lpredict clothing satisfaction, 4 independent variables (selfesteem, impulsiveness, mother's loving and receptive child-rearing attitude, and mother's democratic and self-regulating child-rearing attitude) were selected. The explanatory power of the four variables was 15%. Clothing satisfaction was most influenced by self-esteem, and not significantly influenced by mother's child-rearing attitudes. 5. Clothing interest and clothing management were higher with the girls than with the boys, while clothing comfort was higher with the bodys. 6. When children's mothers had a job, the children tended to have higher liberal attitudes in clothing sex-role.

• 아동학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.173-188
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of stress and perceived social supports to problem behavior during childhood, with particular emphasis on the main and stress-buffering effects of perceived social supports. Such demographic data as parents' educational level, father's job, mother's employment, family income, and child's sex and age were also in chided in the study. Statistical techniques were ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression. Major findings were that behavior problems of children increased with children's stress and decreased by perceived social supports. Perceived social supports moderated the relation between children's stress and problem behavior. Children's stress and perceived social supports differ by educational level of parents, father's job, and family income. Behavior problems of children were differed by family income, father's educational level and job. Children's stress and behavior problems differed by sex and age in some sub-domains, but perceived social supports did not differ by children's sex and age. Perceived social support from friends was the most influential factor affecting children's problem behavior. Therefore, friends may be considered the most important source of social support that is available for adjustment and for coping with stress during childhood.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2000

A survey analysis of children's home video usage was carried out for 659 parents who have four to six year old children. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were used to answer research questions. The results showed that 90% children enjoyed watching video and parental mediation of children's video programming selection and coviewing was differed by children's age and birth order. Children's preferences for video programming were also differed by their sex, age, and birth order. For example, male children enjoyed violent video programming most, on the other hand, female children enjoyed non-violent video programming most. Furthermore, children's imitation behavior after watching video programming were differed an sex and age. For example, male children imitated video programming more than female children did. Implications are discussed.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate dual gender identity, masculine gender identity, feminine gender identity, undifferentiated gender identity with related to Sex, home environments, parental child-rearing attitude of warmth, parental child-rearing attitude of control, role division of parents and determine predictors for dual gender identity. Method : Study subjects were $6^{th}$ grade of primary students with 2,118. Data was collected from Oct to Nov 2003 by using structured questionnaire. Results : ${\cdot}$ Among the children, 345 had masculine gender identity, 529 had feminine gender identity, 526 had undifferentiated gender identity, and 718 had dual gender identity. ${\cdot}$ There were significant differences in the children's sex, mother's age, father's age, mother's educational level, father's educational level, existence of mother's job, father's job, social economic status, sex of siblings, mother's job satisfaction, family structure, family atmosphere, child-rearing attitude(warmth and control), role division of parents($p{\leq}0.001$) among 4 groups. ${\cdot}$ The significant predictors for dual gender identity were children's sex (OR = 0,196, P =0.001), father's age(OR = 31.053, p = 0.020), mother's educational level(OR = 43,980, p = 0.001), father's job(OR=27.465, p = 0.001), social economic status(OR=O.941, p=0.001), sex of siblings(OR = 0.329, p = 0.005), mother's job satisfaction(OR = 0.673, p =0.001), family structure(OR = 0.887, p = 0.001), family atmosphere(OR = 23.786, p = 0.001), parental Child-rearing attitude of warmth(OR = 8.043, p = 0.001) and child-rearing attitude of control(OR = 0.666, p = 0.005), role division of parents(OR = 3.009, p = 0.001). Conclusions : These findings suggest the necessity of broad understandings about factors which influence dual gender role, and construction of combinative model. Also they suggest parent education for establishment of children's dual gender identity.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze a causal relations of children's self-control, self-concept, reflection, age, sex and mother's parenting. The subjects were 86 children of 5-and 6-year=olds, and their mothers and leachers. The instruments were TSCRS, MFFT, Self-concept inventory and Parenting scale. The major findings of this study were as follows; (1) Children's reflection, social self-concept and mother's control parenting predicted children's self-control. 20% of the valiance of children's self-control was explained by these variables. (2) Children's reflection was the first contribution factor and had a direct positive effect on children's self-control. Children's social self-concept had a direct positive effect on children's self-control. Mother's control parenting had a direct negative effect on children's self-control. (3) Mother's affect parenting had an indirect positive effect through children's reflection and social self-concept on children's self-control. Children's sex had indirect effect through mother's control and affect parenting on children's self control. Children's age had indirect effect through children's reflection and mother's control parenting on children's self-control.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.489-504
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• 2009

This study explored differences in maternal parenting behaviors, children's emotional intelligence, and daily hassles by children's sex and types of aggression. Subjects were 200 children in 4th, 5th, and 6th grade and their mothers from four elementary schools. Instruments were the Maternal Parenting Behaviors Scale (Kim, 2006), the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Lee, 1997), the Daily Hassles Scale(Min & Yoo, 1998), and the Peer-nomination Measure (Crick, 1995; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Findings revealed that the relational aggressive group had higher emotional intelligence and more daily hassles; girls had higher level of daily hassles than boys. Maternal parenting behaviors did not differ by child's sex and type of aggression.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of three factors - children's age, sex and parental feeding styles - on children's self-help skills. The subjects were 213 children and their parents who lived in Kwanak-ku, Seoul. The three-way analysis of variance was employed. The main results were as follows: 1. Children's autonomy was varied significantly according to their sex. Girls do better by themselves than boys do in toileting, washing and drying hands, putting on and buttoning up a coat, putting on clothes, washing and drying their faces. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to age. A majority of the autonomy subsets increased as the children's ages increased. However, drying their hands with a towel, removing their coats, and drinking water did not vary by age. 2. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to their parents' feeding style. A responsive feeding style encouraged children to drink water by themselves. 3. The group with the highest score in self-help skills in toileting was 6-year-old girls, and the group with the lowest score was 3-year-old boys. Additionally, the groups with the highest scores in toileting were 4-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritative feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style, 3-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style. Conversely, the groups with the lowest scores in toileting were 3-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, and 3-year-old and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style. 4. The group with the highest score in removing their coats was girls whose parnets demonstrated authoritative, responsive or neglective feeding styles. The group with the lowest score in removing their coats was boys whose parents demonstrated authoritative or neglective feeding styles.

• 아동학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) children's field dependence by age and sex, (2) children's interpersonal problem solving ability by age, sex, and contextual factors, (3) children's interpersonal problem solving ability by field dependence. The subjects were 120 five-, seven-, and nine-year-olds. Children's field-dependence was measured with the Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT). Children's interpersonal problem solving ability was measured with the Preschool Interpersonal Problem Solving Test (PIPS Test). Statistical methods adopted for data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviation, t-test, oneway ANOVA. $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test and Pearson's correlations. Major findings were that (1) The older children were more field-independent than the younger ones (2) The older children suggested more problem solving methods and higher-level problem solving strategies than the younger ones. (3) Children suggested higher-level problem solving strategies in contexts involving familiar as opposed to unfamiliar participants and contexts involving children as opposed to adults. (4) 9-year-olds' field-independence was positively associated with interpersonal problem solving ability.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.191-202
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of father's participation on child-rearing in relation to parents' sex-role streotypes and conjugal power structure and backg-round factors(children's sex paternal aged and educational level. maternal employment status and family's socio-economic status) The subjects of the study 368 couples who have preschoolers. The main study was conducted from sep. 17 to Oct. 2. 1992 using a set of questionaires which has been revised after a pilot study of 38 couples Statistical method for data analysis were frequencies percentiles means ANOVA Duncan's multiple range test F-Test and Cronbach's a. The results indicated 1) That There were significant differences in the degree of father's participation on child-rearing in term of children's sex parternal age the parents' sex-role streotypes the type of conjugal power structure. 2) that the variables which have significant effects on the degree of father's participation of child-rearing were conjugal power structure mother's sex-role types and father's age.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.55-70
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• 1995

The purpose of this study were to develop 「The Inventory of Children's Social Support」 to investigate the sex difference of the perceived social support and social support satisfaction level and to identify the relation between children's social support system and children's social competence. The subjects were 213 5th, 6th children and their 6 teachers of elementary school at Kwang Ju. The data were analyized by frequency percentile factor analysis t-test and canonical correlation analysis, The results were as follows ; 1) The reliability and validity of 「The Inventory of Children's Social Support」was confirmed. 2) Sex difference of perceived social support and social support satisfaction level were partially found 3) There were significant relations between social support system and social competence of children. In conclusion children's social support system can be recognized as significant variable in predicting the social competence of children.