• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2021

Purpose: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placements are commonly performed pediatric endoscopic procedures. Because of underlying disease, these patients are at increased risk for airway-related complications. This study compares patient characteristics and complications following initial PEG insertion with general endotracheal anesthesia (GETA) vs. anesthesia-directed deep sedation with a natural airway (ADDS). Methods: All patients 6 months to 18 years undergoing initial PEG insertion within the endoscopy suite were considered for inclusion in this retrospective cohort study. Selection of GETA vs. ADDS was made by the anesthesia attending after discussion with the gastroenterologist. Results: This study included 168 patients (GETA n=38, ADDS n=130). Cohorts had similar characteristics with respect to sex, race, and weight. Compared to ADDS, GETA patients were younger (1.5 years vs. 2.9 years, p=0.04), had higher rates of severe American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) disease severity scores (ASA 4-5) (21% vs. 3%, p<0.001), and higher rates of cardiac comorbidities (39.5% vs. 18.5%, p=0.02). Significant associations were not observed between GETA/ADDS status and airway support, 30-day readmission, fever, or pain medication in unadjusted or adjusted models. GETA patients had significantly increased length of stay (eβ=1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.11-2.18) after adjusting for ASA class, room time, anesthesia time, fever, and cardiac diagnosis. GETA patients also had increased room time (eβ=1.20, 95% CI=1.08-1.33) and anesthesia time (eβ=1.50, 95% CI=1.30-1.74) in adjusted models. Conclusion: Study results indicate that younger and higher risk patients are more likely to undergo GETA. Children selected for GETA experienced longer room times, anesthesia times, and hospital length of stay.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

This study analyzes the present condition of the elements of a healing environment of the waiting rooms in outpatient clinics of children' hospitals (3 hospitals in Seoul) so as to propose a design to build a healing environment within the children' hospital. And analyzing the importance, satisfaction and preference of the healing environment in the waiting rooms, this paper has come to the following conclusions: 1)The study shows that the space structure of outpatient clinics in children' hospitals are composed of 1 story or 2 stories and designed in a duplication design or a dispersed alcove design. 2)The waiting room of the SC Hospital, with an area of 66.56$m^2$, and the waiting room of the SU Hospital, with an area of 38.78$m^2$ received the highest score for its space. 3)As most patients visit the hospital with their guardian, the waiting room should also be someplace families can rest and share information with others. 4)It is essential to build an environment that eliminates stress elements that patients may come to face by minimizing noise and elements that obstruct the view for mental stability. 5)The results show that those who took part in the survey preferred the following, respectively, healing environment design for the waiting room in the outpatient clinic at children' hospital: Pleasantness>Easiness in finding one' destination>Artificial materials>Natural materials>Environment like that at home>Co-promotion spaces>Space that supports the patients'activities>Openness>Sociality>Safety/Security>Approachability and Privacy. The results also show that healing conditions respect these preferences.

• 교육시설
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to propose the architectural basic data for the planning of kindergarten attached to the elementary school. For this study, we selected and investigated 23kindergartens in Gwangju city. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The elementary school in separated style had the advantage of securing educational space and reducing interference with students of elementary school. But it had the problem in using the facilities of elementary school. So we have to consider the kindergarten to be located near by dinning room, multi-purpose hall. 2) Concentrating the entrance, it makes the inside and outside space use easily. For the actual use, we have to establish facilities for convenience in outer-space. 3) For each room, we suggest guides as follow. The classroom and the playroom have to be combined for flexibility and supervision. In the planning of toilet, it must have sliding door for confirm the inside situation and reasonable height partition to consider the student's body-size. The shape of teacher's room must be open-type for supervising children but protect the entry of children. There is consideration for the material room and the sleeping room for all-day-long class.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2003

Children of three-to-eighteen-years-old have been brought up in the institution (Orphanage) for several reasons such as family dissoultion, divorce and poverty since the Korean War of 1950. The Cottage, where these children are housed and brought up has dining room, living room and bedrooms. Psychological aspects of children are being observed distracted and differentiated to some degree according to the sizes of bedroom floor spaces ranging from 2.3 square meters to 9.0 square meters per child. Since the most facilities were built during the 1950-1960s period, most of the cottages are now in the condition of being rebuilt or remodelled. This study was conducted to obtain some basic data necessary for design of spaces in the orphanages by examining the relations between the meal and sleeping activities of children and residence types.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2004

This study examined the current interior conditions of children's rooms, and investigated the children's satisfaction of the rooms and their needs for improvement. Survey questionnaires were given to 205 elementary school children in the third or lower year grades and to their parents. Frequency analysis, t-tests, analysis of variance, and Duncan tests were mainly employed for data analysis. The findings indicated that the respondents' satisfaction of the children's rooms differed in their grade, room size, and the main color of the rooms. In general, those in the third grade, those in the rooms under 16.5$m^2$, or mainly painted in cold colors, tended to respond more negatively. Meanwhile, they expected to exchange their furniture for study, such as desks and bookshelves, and to individually possess electric appliances in their rooms. Most children's rooms were designed on the basis of the parents' preferences: The more the rooms reflected the children's opinions, the higher satisfaction with the furniture they showed.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.95-119
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• 2019

본 연구는 1945년 해방 이후부터 2002년까지를 중심으로 한국 어린이도서관의 전개과정을 시기별로 고찰하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 한국 어린이도서관의 발전과정을 다음과 같이 구분하였다. 첫째, 1945년 해방 이후부터 1976년까지는 어린이도서관의 준비기로, 공공도서관 어린이실을 중심으로 어린이를 위한 도서관 서비스를 시작하였다. 그러나 이 시기에는 어린이도서관에 대한 인식이 미약하여 어린이도서관이 설립되지 못하였다. 둘째, 1977년 부터 2002년까지는 어린이도서관의 성장기로, 어린이에게 도서관서비스를 제공하는 것을 주된 목적으로 하는 어린이도서관이 처음 등장하였고, 이 시기 어린이도서관은 공공영역보다 주로 민간영역에서 설립되었다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.90-104
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• 2000

Background : This study was designed to assess the effects of information on the satisfaction of parents and families whose children underwent elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room. Methods : We measured parent and family satisfaction with information given before and after offering informational interventions. The data were collected from 510 patients parents and families whose children had undergone elective surgery in the Pediatric Operating Room of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul. South Korea. The data collection ran from May 3. 1999 to May 30. 1999 and from September 6, 1999 to September 30, 1999. The research instrument consisted of four categories (pre-operative period, intra-operative period, post-operative period, others) and 24 questionnaires. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results : The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Before surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of the necessary preparation for the surgery (6.0%), the time the patient would enter the operating room (20.6%), the operative procedure (2.0%), and the use of the waiting room (10.0%). 2. During the operation, the satisfaction with the situation board (15.1%), public announcements in the waiting room (8.4%), and the answering of the families questions (12.2%) was increased. however, the satisfaction with the surgeons explanations of the surgical outcomes decreased by 8.3%, even though the frequency of these explanations increased by 5%. 3. After surgery, the satisfaction with the following was increased: the explanations of patient's status of recovery(10.3%) the time the patient would be moved from the recovery room (17.6%), how the patient would be transferred to the ward (19.2%), and post-operative care (6.3%). Conclusion : Based upon the above findings, we concluded that pre-, intra-, and post-operative informational interventions were effective in increasing the satisfaction of the parents and families of children undergoing elective surgery.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Lately, in public libraries, there are various service programs for child user by corresponding to importance of reading based education and also a variety of changes by accommodating family based cultural life style. Therefore there is a need for space planning based study on unit-data room. This study gives guide-line of space planning through categorizing of space plot and furniture lay-out in child data room. The researcher, as a first step, searched web sites of 29 data rooms of 26 libraries and summarized space plots and features of data rooms through in-person visits. Then the author made a categorization standard and did a general analysis of featured data rooms through multiple categorization steps. There are Basic Type, General Type, Book-Shelf Centered Type, Book-shelf Scattered type and Multi-Functional Type out of this categorization steps. In sum, six categorizing bases, dividing infant room from child room, space zonning, position of entrance, compactness of reading space, position of book-shelf and orientation of book-shelf will be important design standards for child data-room of future libraries and an effective guide-lines for other unit data-rooms.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.169-187
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• 2007

본 연구는 국내 어린이 도서관의 검색 인터페이스 디자인을 조사하여 문제점을 개선하기 위한 방안을 제안하였다. 연구방법은 국내 공공/어린이도서관 홈페이지에 검색 인터페이스를 제공하고 있는 27개의 어린이 열람실, 어린이 도서관 그리고 사설 어린이 도서관의 검색 인터페이스 디자인을 검색 항목의 수에 따라 4 가지 유형으로 나누어 조사 분석하고 국외의 경우 International Children's Digital Library, Mid-Hudson Library System KidsOnline, LA Public Library Kid's Path의 정보검색 인터페이스 디자인을 조사 분석하였다. 연구결과, 국내 어린이용 검색 인터페이스의 문제점을 개선하기 위한 방안을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 이용자들이 읽기 쉬운 글자크기로 언제든지 쉽게 바꿀 수 있을 것. 마우스와 키보드 입력이 모두 가능할 것. 아이콘의 크기는 어린이들이 마우스를 이용하여 클릭하기 쉬운 크기로 디자인 할 것 철자 검사 기술은 대안을 제시하는 방법을 이용하여 오자 문제를 최소화 시킬 것. 검색 인터페이스를 디자인할 경우 이용 대상자를 참여시켜 이용자의 눈높이에서 인터페이스를 디자인해야 할 것이다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2004

Purpose: The measure the degree of computer game addiction; to examine the relationship between computer game addiction and contributing factors; and to discover the predictors of computer game addiction of elementary school children of Korea. Method: Data were assembled from questionnaires distributed among 455 children from four elementary schools in Gyung-buk Province. Result: The level of computer game addiction of subjects was rather low, and correlated significantly with gender, academic performance, family economic status, playmates for leisure time, place of playing computer game, length of the habit of playing game, average playing time of game per day, frequency of PC-room(Internet Cafe for game) visits per week, game partners and reasons for playing game. Multiple regression analysis showed that 45％ of the computer game addiction was significantly related to gender(21％), impulsiveness(10％), average playing time of game per day(9％), depression(2％) and other variables(3％) such as playmates for leisure time, academic performance and frequency of PC-room visits per week. Conclusion: We suggest these results be used to develop a computer game addiction prevention program.