• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.205-218
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• 2004

We analyzed the dynamics of the family system and the economic well-being by utilizing the socio-demographic, objective economic, and subjective economic factors of urban unemployed housewives. The survey was conducted in Seoul and three other major cities. The subjects included housewives in these areas who were currently cohabiting with their spouses and had at least one child. The preliminary and main survey questionnaires were distributed between November 12, 2001 and February 27, 2002. Three hundred five survey questionnaires were collected and analyzed. We applied the frequency, average, percentage, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's, simple regression and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS/PC WIN. The findings were as follows. First, the mean score of the availability of life information was 3.21. Second, when the availability of life information increased, the dynamics of family system improved. Third, when the dynamics of family system worked well, the housewives experienced economic well-being.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.123-140
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to verify preschool children can be classified of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) children across situation. It also was to examine differences among groups according to sex and age, and to investigate the family caracterisitcs of ADHD groups. The subjects of this study consisted of 228 preschool chilren (147 boys and 136 girls aged from 3- to 7- year-old) drawn from five Child Care Centers in Chung-Ju. Data were analyzed by the frequency, percentages, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, ${\chi}^2$-test, F-test, Tukey post-hoc test, and Pearson correlation using SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. Preschool children could be classified by four diagnostic groups across situation; (1) 168 children (59%) of the control group (no disorder of ADHD), (2) 49 children (17%) of ADHD-Home group (ADHD only at home), (3) 43 children (15%) of ADHD-School group (ADHD only at school), and (4) 23 children (8%) of ADHD-PH group (ADHD both at home and at school). Ratings by parents and by teachers correlated very low with each other, as in previous studies. These results confirm the findings that ADHD be classified across situation. 2. There were significant differences among four groups according to sex and age. In the ADHD-PH groups, the boys is 3 times higher than the girls and the children aged 6- to 7-year-old was shown highly distributed in the pervasive ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.139-157
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• 2010

This study investigated the cognitive process of 5-year-old children, with a particular focus on gender, monthly age, and their tendencies towards hyperactivity through the performance of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS; Das & Naglieri, 1997). The children with tendencies towards hyperactivity were identified based on Conners Teachers' Rating Scale (CTRS). The subjects were 75 five-year-old children in Seoul and surrounding metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and by K-mean cluster analysis. Our results were as follows : (1) The CAS and CTRS' sub-factors were correlated negatively, except the positive correlation between planning factor and hyperactivity factor. (2) Girls exhibited significantly higher CAS scores in planning & sequential processing than boys. (3) The upper monthly age group (68-71 months) showed significantly higher score in terms of planning than the lower monthly age group (60-63 months). (4) The CAS scores of the children with tendencies towards hyperactivity was lower than that of normal children. (5) The CAS profile of 5-year-old children was divided into 4 groups with distinctive characteristics by means of K-mean cluster analysis.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-73
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of conspicuous consumption and resource-saving behavior in primary school students, and to discover the factors that influence these behaviors most strongly. The research was conducted in 2011 using a written questionnaires that were completed by 500 primary school students residing in Seoul, South Korea. The data was analyzed using statistical methods, including frequency, percentiles, means, standard deviation, Cronbach's coefficient, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, using SPSS 18.0. As a result of these analyses, the average level of conspicuous consumption was found to be 2.65 relatively rational score. Next, it was shown that the conspicuous consumption of respondents differed significantly based on variables, such as allowances, family income, socialization process in childhood, family cohesion, and parental child rearing method. Finally, the greatest influences on respondent's resource-saving behavior was seen to be the child's socialization process in childhood, family cohesion, parental child rearing method, and conspicuous consumption. These variables must therefore all be considered when teaching primary school students and encouraging them to assume rational resource-saving habits in their daily lives.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identity the level of burden and quality of life of the subjects. The subjects of this study were 68 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients who children hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul. The data were collected through a questionnaires and the period of the data collection was from August 1st to September 30th ,1998. The instruments for this study were Burden Measurement Instrument developed by Montgomery et. al (1985) and Quality of life scale designed by Ro, Yoo JA(1988). The statistical analysis was used by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of were as follows. : 1. The level of burden showed a mean score 54.47 and the level quality of life, a mean score 140.20. 2. The level of burden differed according to s religion, pt's purpose of admission and perceived patient's condition by mothers. 3. The level of quality of life differed according to perceived pt's condition by mothers. 4. There was a negative correlation between burden and quality of lifer =-3.97, p<.001).

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1329-1338
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• 2016

South Korea's total fertility rate dropped to 1.2 in 2014, which was far below the population replacement level of 2.07. Parental satisfaction of mothers contribute to secondary childbirth intention as well as child outcome. This study was to identify the factors affecting parental satisfaction particularly in mothers with one child. The survey conducted in five daycare centers in B city from September to October in 2015. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analyses using SPSS/Win 21 software. 42.7% of variance in parental satisfaction was accounted for by co-parenting(t=5.566, p<.001), value of children(t=3.575, p=.001), and perception of childbirth(t=2.906, p=.005). The explain power was significant(F=21.581, p<.001). This study revealed that the perception of childbirth last long enough to affect mothers of children up to the age of 6. Midwifes and nurses working with laboring women should try to give them positive experience of delivery.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the knowledge and attitude on the contraception and induced abortion in female high school students for providing the fundamental data in developing a practical sexuality education program for the healthy conception and childbirth in female high school students who are in the child-bearing age. Also, this study provides some foundational data for developing prevention education, counsel, and nursing intervention programs. Methods: Data were collected from 270 high school girls by self-report questionnaires from August 1, to September 31, 2010. Data was analyzed by percentage and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: The correct rate of contraception and induced abortion were 43.3% and 48.8% respectively. Participants had a moderate attitude toward contraception and a permissive attitude toward induced abortion. Participants who had high score and home sex education were higher correct rate than any other. Conclusion: This study indicates that efforts should be made to provide education on contraception and induced abortion to high school girls to increase awareness. Also, educational programs should be designed to improve knowledge as well as promote a more positive attitude toward contraception and induced abortion.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.27-39
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore mediating effects of internal-external control between directors' servant leadership and teachers' emotional labor. The subjects of the study were 425 childcare teachers in Seoul, Gyeonggi province and Incheon in Korea. The statistics program used to analyze the data was SPSS(version +18.0). The statistics methods applied were the Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. The major results of this study were summarized as follows: First, emotional labor and internal control caused by the servant leadership style were found to be positively correlated. Second, servant leadership affected the ability of the teachers to act naturally. These effects were mediated in part by the amount of internal-external control that was shown. Third, servant leadership affected the internal behaviors of the teachers. These effects were mediated in part by amount of the internal-external control that was shown.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations among locus of control(LOC), self-concept and self-attribution in five-year-old children. The subjects were 107 five-year-old children attending 7 public kindergartens. Instruments used in this study were the Stanford Preschool Internal-External Scale (Mischel, Zeiss, & Zeiss, 1974), the Self-Concept Inventory (Joo Ree-bun, 1982), and puzzle-task employed by Burns et al. (1985). Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. The results showed (1) significant correlations between the total LOC score and self-concept, (2) significant differences in the total LOC score between the internal self-attribution group and the external self-attribution group, and (3) significant differences in self-concept between the internal self-attribution group and the external self-attribution group.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in eating disorders and in several risk factors; body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, self-esteem, and depression. Method: The data were collected from 423 students in grades 5 or 6 (230 male and 193 female) in this cross-sectional study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used with the SPSS/PC ver 12.0 program. Results: Girls experienced more symptoms of eating disorders, body dissatisfaction, and depression than boys. There were also gender differences in risk factors. For girls, depression, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and body dissatisfaction were related to eating disorder behaviors, whereas for boys, depression, self-oriented perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem were related to eating disorder behaviors. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that risk factors for eating disorders for boys and girls may be different, and these differences have implications for understanding the etiology of eating disorders and should be considered in planning possible nursing interventions.