• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the psychological changes and influences of child actors depending on their role. First, we met the film producer of Dogani and discussed about the filming condition. Second, we visited filming locations during the filming of Neighborhood, when shooting of parts involving the female child actor was taking place and evaluated the emotional states of the child actor before and after she played her role. Third, we interviewed various people of the movie industry, which included adult actors, directors, a professor of films and broadcasting who was a former child actor and a scriptwriter. In case of the film Dogani, the production crew provided enough care and protection and we concluded that child actors had no psychological sequelae. After interviewing the child actor and visiting filming locations, we confirmed that the child actor was not influenced by playing certain roles. In addition, after interviewing various people related to filming, we thought that child actors might not have psychological sequelae related to the character played. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study about influences of the playing character for child actors. We concluded that playing certain roles would not have negative effects on child actors.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.37-50
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess actor and partner effects of mothers' and fathers' parenting stress and family cohesion and flexibility on warm parenting behavior. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,471 couples from the Panel Study of Korean Children. The sample was drawn from the sixth wave of data collection, including mothers and fathers of children aged 60-66 months. Data were analyzed via actor-partner interdependence models. Results: The findings illustrated that the actor effect of parenting stress on warm parenting behavior was significant in mothers and fathers, but there was no partner effect. They also revealed that actor and partner effects were significant in relation to mothers' and father's parenting stress and family cohesion and flexibility. Moreover, there was an actor effect of family cohesion on warm parenting behavior for mothers and fathers, but its partner effect was significant only in mothers. Finally, the mediating effects of family cohesion and flexibility between parenting stress and warm parenting behavior was verified. Conclusion: The results highlight not only the need for dyadic data analysis for mothers and fathers but also the need to consider in depth the fathers' role in parenting. Additional implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.171-179
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the actor and partner effects of the parental sex-role attitude on the parent-child relationship by using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Specifically, this study focused on the examination of the actor and partner effects of the parental sex-role attitude in married couples with immigrant women who have children under 5 years old. For the analyses, a total of 5,531 couples who participated in the National Survey on Multi-cultural Families were included and the major findings are as follows. First, the couple's sex-role attitude had a statistically significant actor effect on the parent-child relationship. Parents who were more conscious of gender equality displayed a better parent-child relationship and this effect was greater in the case of the father's attitude than the mother's. Second, the father's sex-role attitude had a statistically significant partner effect on the mother-child relationship, whereas the mother's attitude did not. Third, the couple's actor effects were greater than their partner effects and this means that the personal sex-role attitude has a greater impact on the parent-child relationship than the partners' attitude. The implication and limitations derived from these empirical-scientific database results and related studies in educational program of gender equality attitude for multi-cultural families.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.437-445
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• 2016

This this study was performed to examine the dyadic relationship between mothers and fathers in their value of the child, parenting stress, and parenting attitude. After providing the basic data to understand the parental interaction patterns of parenting attitudes. A total of 1,542 couples from the 6th year Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) were included and analyzed using SPSS 18.0, AMOS 18.0. Thus, the value of the child was higher in fathers than in mothers; however, parenting stress and parenting attitude were higher in mothers than in fathers. There were positive correlations among value of child, parenting stress, and parenting attitude. Moreover, the parents' value of the child shows an actor effect in parenting stress. Moreover, the value of the child and parenting stress show actor effect in parenting attitude. In this study, many variables were found to have only an actor effect; however, the parenting stress of the mother was found to have a partner effect of lowering the parenting attitude of the father. This study is significant as it confirms the relationship among the value of child, parenting stress, and parenting attitude based on the APIM analysis method that considers the characteristics of couple data.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of parenting efficacy, spousal support on parenting stress and depression in couples with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants were 103 couples (103 husbands, 103 wives) with children with ADHD visiting child adolescent psychiatry clinic or community mental health center in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 program. Results: The parenting efficacy of husbands and wives had direct actor effect (β=-.69, p=.004; β=-.60, p=.004) and partner effect (β=-.22, p=.007; β=-.18, p=.026) on their parenting stress. In addition, husbands and wives's parenting efficacy had a direct actor effect (β=-.25, p=.031; β=-.21, p=.025) on their depression and indirect actor effect (β=-.25, p=.004; β=-.34, p=.004) through parenting stress on their depression. However, parenting stress did not show a partner effect on depression. Husband and wife's parenting efficacy had a direct effect (β=.46, p=.004; β=.25, p=.009) on perceived spousal support. The effects of husbands and wives were the same in actor effect size (χ² differences=0.74, p=.390) and partner effect size (χ² differences=0.20, p=.652) of parenting efficacy on parenting stress. In addition, the effect sizes of husbands and wives were the same in actor effect size (χ² differences=0.93, p=.334) and partner effect size (χ² differences=0.15, p=.704) for parenting stress and depression. Conclusion: The results of this study may provide the foundation for developing a nursing intervention program that can maximize interaction between couples with ADHD children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.465-475
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine actor and partner effects among infertile couples in determining whether self-esteem affects the degree of infertility-related stress via perceived spousal support. The sample comprised 219 couples who experienced infertility, each of whom completed an online survey. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation analysis and APIM (Actor-Partner Interdependence Model) were performed using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.3 program. The main results were as follows. First, the actor effect of spousal support on self-esteem was significant in both husbands and wives. Second, the actor effects of spousal support on infertility-related stress and self-esteem on infertility stress were significant only in husbands. Third, in the association between husbands' and wives' spousal support and infertility-related stress, three mediating pathways via husband's self-esteem were found to be significant. Based on these results, the necessity for a couple-level analysis in infertility research, psycho-emotional interventions for infertile couples, and implications for follow-up studies were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.205-215
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• 2017

Objective: The current study examined whether providing both an actor's eye gaze and emotional expressions can help 10-month-olds interpret a change in the actor's words as a signal to a change in the actor's goal object. Methods: Sixteen 10-month-olds participated in an experiment using the violation-of-expectation paradigm and were compared to 16 10-month-olds in a control condition. The infants in the experimental condition were familiarized to an event in which an actor looks at one of two novel objects, excitingly utters a sentence, "Wow, here's a modi!", and grasps the object. The procedure in the control condition was identical to that of the experimental condition except that the infants heard the sentence without any emotional excitement and the eye gaze of the agent was hidden by a visor. In the following test trial, the infants in both conditions heard the agent changing her word (from modi to papu) and watched her grasping either the same object as before (old-goal event) or the new object (new-goal event). Results: The infants in the experimental condition looked at the old-goal event longer than at the new-goal event, suggesting that they expected the agent to change her goal object when the actor changed her word. However, the infants in the control condition looked at the two events about equally. Conclusion: When both eye gaze and emotional cues were provided, 10-month-olds were able to exploit the agent's verbal information when reasoning about whether the agent would pursue the same goal object as before.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

Many child actors have appeared in various movies as the Korean film industry continues to evolve. As more children appear in violent and raunchy scenes, there are more concerns about the movie's effect on child actors. In some Western countries, many strategies have been developed for child actors, but for the Korean movie industry, the conditions are still poor for them. Although children who enter the concrete operational period are able to think logically and systematically, they are yet limited by their experiences. Adolescents in the formal operational period try to deal with all of the possibilities and assumptions logically and systematically with freedom from realistic contents and experiences. This period is very important because adolescents become more sensitive to others' feelings and they should develop their ego identity. Several studies have reported the indirect experiences through media including how the movie affected children and adolescents negatively. Depending on the individual's morality, judgment and emotional status, these effects were variable and inconsistent and could be relieved by several interventions. We could anticipate much bigger emotional effect on child actors who are acting directly and then are confronting themselves in the scene. Therefore, we suggest that the emotional effects of the movies on child actors can be managed properly by considering children's cognitive ability and emotional status, and establishing protective strategies before they are exposed to problematic scenes. Of course, it should be followed by evaluating them after the exposure and with follow-up management, if necessary.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parenting efficacy measured at 6 months of infancy, and on parenting stress at 9-months of infancy through a short-term longitudinal approach. Participants were 116 couples living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, whose first born children were in infancy. The results of the 116 couples were analyzed through the APIM analysis method. The results of the APIM showed that mothers' and fathers' actor effect was significant, which meant that parenting efficacy at 6 months of infancy could predict the existence of parenting stress at 9 months of infancy. However, the partner effect of both mothers and fathers was insignificant. This research demonstrates the significance of parenting efficacy at early infancy, which in turn affects parenting stress as well as factors that need to be considered in pre-parental education.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This study examined that the effects of fathers-in-law's and mothers-in law's acceptance-rejection on husbands' and wives' psychological well-being using APIM. Participants were 265 couples living Seoul KyungKi-do and JeJu Island, and their mean age was 39.16 (husbands, SD=7.39) and 36.45 (wives, SD=7.36), respectively. The results of APIM showed that, in father-in law model, actor effects of husbands (the influence of fathers in law acceptance-rejection for husbands on husbands' psychological well-being) were more significant than actor effects of wives (the influence of fathers-in-law's acceptance-rejection for wives on wives' psychological well-being), while partner effects of wives (the influence of fathers in law acceptance-rejection for wives on husbands' psychological well-being) more significant than partner effects of husbands (the influence of fathers' in law's acceptance-rejection for husbands on wives' psychological well-being). In mother-in law model, there were no significant differences both between actor effects of wives and actor effects of husbands, and between partner effects of wives and partner effects of husbands.