Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2017.38.1.205

Socio-Emotional Cues Can Help 10-Month-Olds Understand the Relationship Between Others' Words and Goals  

Lee, Youn Mi Cathy (Department of Psychology, Yonsei University)
Kim, Min Ju (Department of Psychology, University of California at San Diego)
Song, Hyun-joo (Department of Psychology, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Child Studies / v.38, no.1, 2017 , pp. 205-215 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined whether providing both an actor's eye gaze and emotional expressions can help 10-month-olds interpret a change in the actor's words as a signal to a change in the actor's goal object. Methods: Sixteen 10-month-olds participated in an experiment using the violation-of-expectation paradigm and were compared to 16 10-month-olds in a control condition. The infants in the experimental condition were familiarized to an event in which an actor looks at one of two novel objects, excitingly utters a sentence, "Wow, here's a modi!", and grasps the object. The procedure in the control condition was identical to that of the experimental condition except that the infants heard the sentence without any emotional excitement and the eye gaze of the agent was hidden by a visor. In the following test trial, the infants in both conditions heard the agent changing her word (from modi to papu) and watched her grasping either the same object as before (old-goal event) or the new object (new-goal event). Results: The infants in the experimental condition looked at the old-goal event longer than at the new-goal event, suggesting that they expected the agent to change her goal object when the actor changed her word. However, the infants in the control condition looked at the two events about equally. Conclusion: When both eye gaze and emotional cues were provided, 10-month-olds were able to exploit the agent's verbal information when reasoning about whether the agent would pursue the same goal object as before.
Keywords
infancy; cognitive development; goal understanding; socio-emotional cues; violation-of-expectation paradigm;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Haith, M. M., Bergman, T., & Moore, M. J. (1977). Eye contact and face scanning in early infancy. Science, 198(4319), 853-855. doi:10.1126/science.918670   DOI
2 Henderson, A. M., & Scott, J. C. (2015). She called that thing a mido, but should you call it a mido too? Linguistic experience influences infants' expectations of conventionality. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(332). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00332
3 Hornik, R., Risenhoover, N., & Gunnar, M. (1987). The effects of maternal positive, neutral, and negative af f ective communications on infant responses to new toys. Child Development, 58(4), 937-944. doi:10.2307/1130534   DOI
4 Beier, J. S., & Spelke, E. S. (2012). Infants' developing understanding of social gaze. Child Development, 83(2), 486-496. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01702.x   DOI
5 Brooks, R., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2005). The development of gaze following and its relation to language. Developmental Science, 8(6), 535-543. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00445.x   DOI
6 Butterworth, G., & Jarrett, N. (1991). What minds have in common is space: Spatial mechanisms serving joint visual attention in infancy. British Journal of Developmental Psycholog y, 9(1), 55-72. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1991.tb00862.x   DOI
7 Buresh, J. S., & Woodward, A. L. (2007). Infants track action goals within and across agents. Cognition, 104(2), 287-314. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.001   DOI
8 Lee, Y. M., & Song, H.-J. (2016). The effects of foreign-language exposure on infants' understanding of conventional properties of language. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29(3), 215-229. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE07004339
9 Sorce, J. F., Emde, R. N., Campos, J. J., & Klinnert, M. D. (1985). Maternal emotional signaling: Its effect on the visual cliff behavior of 1-year-olds. Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 195-200. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.21.1.195   DOI
10 Spaepen, E., & Spelke, E. (2007). Will any doll do? 12-month-olds' reasoning about goal objects. Cognitive Psychology, 54(2), 133-154. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2006.06.001   DOI
11 Xu, F. (2002). The role of language in acquiring object kind concepts in infancy. Cognition, 85(3), 223-250. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00109-9   DOI
12 Sullivan, J., & Barner, D. (2016). Discourse bootstrapping: Preschoolers use linguistic discourse to learn new words. Developmental Science, 19(1), 63-75. doi:10.1111/desc.12289   DOI
13 Thoermer, C., Woodward, A., Sodian, B., Perst, H., & Kristen, S. (2013). To get the grasp: Seven-month-olds encode and selectively reproduce goal-directed grasping. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 116(2), 499-509. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.12.007   DOI
14 Tomasello, M., Strosberg, R., & Akhtar, N. (1996). Eighteenmonth-old children learn words in non-ostensive contexts. Journal of Child Language, 23(1), 157-176. doi:10.1017/S0305000900010138
15 Walden, T. A., & Ogan, T. A. (1988). The development of social referencing. Child Development, 59(5), 1230-1240. doi:10.2307/1130486   DOI
16 Woodward, A. L. (1998). Infants selectively encode the goal object of an agent's reach. Cognition, 69(1), 1-34. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(98)00058-4   DOI
17 Kim, M. J., & Song, H.-J. (2015). Ten-month-olds' ability to use verbal information when understanding others' goaldirected actions. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28(2), 145-160. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06502390
18 Jin, K.-S., & Song, H.-J. (2008, March). Infants' use of words in reasoning about others' goals: Evidence from 12- and 14-month-old infants. Paper presented at the Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies, Vancouver, Canada.
19 D'Entremont, B., & Muir, D. (1999). Infant responses to adult happy and sad vocal and facial expressions during face-toface interactions. Infant Behavior and Development, 22(4), 527-539. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(00)00021-7   DOI
20 Song, H.-J., Baillargeon, R., & Fisher, C. (2014). The development of infants' use of novel verbal information when reasoning about others' actions. PloS One, 9(3), e92387. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092387   DOI
21 Dewar, K., & Xu, F. (2007). Do 9-month-old infants expect distinct words to refer to kinds? Developmental Psychology, 43(5), 1227-1238. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1227   DOI
22 Farroni, T., Csibra, G., Simion, F., & Johnson, M. H. (2002). Eye contact detection in humans from birth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(14), 9602-9605. doi:10.1073/pnas.152159999   DOI
23 Phillips, A. T., Wellman, H. M., & Spelke, E. S. (2002). Infants' ability to connect gaze and emotional expression to intentional action. Cognition, 85(1), 53-78. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00073-2   DOI
24 Johnson, S. C., Ok, S. J., & Luo, Y. (2007). The attribution of attention: 9-month-olds' interpretation of gaze as goal-directed action. Developmental Science, 10(5), 530-537. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00606.x   DOI
25 Luo, Y. (2010). Do 8-month-old infants consider situational constraints when interpreting others' gaze as goal-directed action? Infancy, 15(4), 392-419. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00019.x   DOI
26 Martin, A., Onishi, K. H., & Vouloumanos, A. (2012). Understanding the abstract role of speech in communication at 12 months. Cognition, 123(1), 50-60. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2011.12.003   DOI
27 Meyer, M., & Baldwin, D. A. (2013). Pointing as a sociopragmatic cue to particular vs. generic reference. Language Learning and Development, 9(3), 245-265. doi:10.1080/15475441.2013.753802   DOI
28 Moses, L. J., Baldwin, D. A., Rosicky, J. G., & Tidball, G. (2001). Evidence for referential understanding in the emotions domain at twelve and eighteen months. Child Development, 72(3), 718-735. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00311   DOI
29 Singh, L., Morgan, J. L., & Best, C. T. (2002). Infants' listening preferences: Baby talk or happy talk? Infancy, 3(3), 365-394. doi:10.1207/S15327078IN0303_5   DOI
30 Gleitman, L. (1990). The structural sources of verb meanings. Language Acquisition, 1(1), 3-55. doi:10.1207/s15327817la0101_2   DOI
31 Graham, S. A., Stock, H., & Henderson, A. M. (2006). Nineteenmonth-olds' understanding of the conventionality of object labels versus desires. Infancy, 9(3), 341-350. doi:10.1207/s15327078in0903_5   DOI
32 Grassmann, S., & Tomasello, M. (2010). Young children follow pointing over words in interpreting acts of reference. Developmental Science, 13(1), 252-263. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00871.x   DOI
33 Cooper, R. P., & Aslin, R. N. (1990). Preference for infant-directed speech in the first month after birth. Child Development, 61(5), 1584-1595. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02885.x   DOI
34 Cannon, E. N., & Woodward, A. L. (2012). Infants generate goalbased action predictions. Developmental Science, 15(2), 292-298. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01127.x   DOI
35 Carpenter, M., Nagell, K., Tomasello, M., Butterworth, G., & Moore, C. (1998). Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 63(4), i-174. doi:10.2307/1166214
36 Caza, G. A., & Knott, A. (2012). Pragmatic bootstrapping: a neural network model of vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning and Development, 8(2), 113-135. doi:10.1080/15475441.2011.581144   DOI
37 Csibra, G. (2003). Teleological and referential understanding of action in infancy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 447-458. doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1235   DOI
38 Baldwin, D. A., Markman, E. M., Bill, B., Desjardins, R. N., Irwin, J. M., & Tidball, G. (1996). Infants' reliance on a social criterion for establishing word-object relations. Child Development, 67(6), 3135-3153. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01906.x   DOI
39 Balaban, M. T., & Waxman, S. R. (1997). Do words facilitate categorization in 9-month-old infants? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 64(1), 3-26. doi:10.1006/jecp.1996.2332   DOI