• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.182-191
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep patterns of South Korean elementary school children and whether the differences in sleep patterns were related to behavior, emotional problems, attention and academic performance. Method: This study included a community sample of 268 boys and girls from fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade classes in a South Korean metropolitan city from November to December 2010. The primary caregivers completed a questionnaire that included information on demographic characteristics, as well as the Child's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), the Korean version of the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (K-LDES), the Korean version of ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale (DBDS). We conducted analyses on the CSHQ individual items, between the subscales, on the total scores and on the K-CBCL, the K-LEDS, the K-ARS and the DBDS. Results: Based on the findings from the CHSQ, the subjects had significantly higher scores for bedtime resistance ($9.18{\pm}2.17$), delayed sleep onset ($1.32{\pm}0.62$), the sleep duration ($4.19{\pm}1.52$) and daytime sleepiness ($14.10{\pm}3.55$) than the scores from the previous reports on children from western countries. The total CHSQ score showed positive correlations to all subscales of the K-CBCL : withdrawn (r=0.24, p<.005), somatic complaint (r=0.24, p<.005) and anxious/depressive (r=0.38, p<.005). Bedtime resistance was associated with oppositional defiant disorder (r=0.15, p<.05) and a positive correlation was demonstrated between sleep anxiety and the oppositional defiant disorder score (r=0.13, p<.05), night waking and the conduct disorder score (r=0.16, p<.05). Delayed sleep onset was related with low performance on the K-LDES with respect to thinking (r=-0.17, p<.05) and mathematical calculation (r=-0.17, p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study reconfirm Korean children's problematic sleep patterns. Taken together the results provide that the reduced sleep duration and disruption of sleep pattern can have a significant impact on emotion, behavior, performance of learning in children. Further studies concerning more diverse psychosocial factors affecting sleep pattern will be helpful to understanding of the sleep health in Korean children.

• 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of pediatric assent in nationwide hospitals and to assess the children's comprehension for pediatric assent by interviewing pediatricians/pediatric neurologists to determine whether children of the age (elementary and middle school students) can understand the purpose, risks, benefits, and concepts of voluntary participation in clinical research described in the assent form, and to help improve the administrative efficiency of multicenter clinical trials. Methods: The status of pediatric assent was surveyed online using Google Forms at 141 university hospitals with administrative staff who are members of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) administrative staff subcommittee with in Korean Association of Institutional Review Boards (KAIRB). Additionally, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 7 pediatricians/pediatric neurologists. Survey and interview responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the 141 institutions surveyed, 35 institutions (24.8%) responded. Among them, 30 institutions (85.7%) reported having age criteria for acquiring pediatric assent forms in the case of children. The age range for pediatric assent acquisition have been from 7 years old to 12 years old (15 institutions, 50%), and from 7 years old to 15 years old (7 institutions, 23.3%). Nine institutions (25.7%) have had criteria for obtaining both parents' consent in cases involving the participation of children. Nineteen institutions (54.3%) have had checklists or guidelines available for use by IRB members in study protocols involving vulnerable research subjects. Three pediatricians/pediatric neurologists have believed that upper-grade elementary school students (5th-6th grade) could comprehensively understand informed consent forms. Two have believed that middle school students would be able to understand them if they included personal information. Two pediatricians/pediatric neurologists have believed that even lower-grade elementary school students (1st-4th grade) could understand the explanations if they were made simpler. Conclusion: It is suggested that not only elementary school students (7-12 years old) but also middle school students (13-15 years old) should receive pediatric assent forms, as it would facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the forms. To enhance the comprehension of assent form content, it is necessary to use age-appropriate words, language, and expressions in the forms hospital. It is also recommended to create comics or videos to make the content of the assent forms more accessible for children.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-91
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• 2012

본 연구는 학교 부적응 아동을 대상으로 동시를 활용한 상담 프로그램을 실시하여 자아존중감과 학교적응에서 어떤 효과가 나타나는지 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 동시를 활용한 상담 프로그램을 개발하고 연구문제를 다음과 같이 설정하였다. 첫째, 동시를 활용한 상담 프로그램이 학교 부적응 아동의 자아존중감 향상에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 둘째, 동시를 활용한 상담 프로그램이 학교 부적응 아동의 학교적응에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 연구 대상은 사전검사, 현재 담임 부모님 친구의 의견을 반영하여 학교 부적응 아동으로 판정된 2명의 초등학교 4학년생이다. 주 2회 40분간 12회기에 걸쳐 동시를 활용한 상담프로그램을 상담에 적용하며 내담자의 변화과정을 탐색하였다. 즉 상담과정에서 대상 아동이 반응한 언어와 행동을 평가한 결과와 부모 친구 교사의 심층면담, 행동관찰평가표, 측정 도구의 사전 사후검사 결과를 비교하여 자료를 수집하였고, 연구자가 개발한 동시를 활용한 상담 프로그램의 효과를 탐색하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동시를 활용한 상담 프로그램은 학교 부적응 아동의 가정적, 사회적, 학업적 자아존중감을 향상시켰다. 둘째, 교사관계, 교우관계, 수업태도 등 학교적응에서도 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 그 외에도 동시를 활용한 상담 프로그램의 독서자료인 동시가 상담과정에서 효과적으로 작용하였음을 밝혔다. 동시 낭송과 동시 내용이 내담자의 자기개방을 촉진하여 상담자와의 관계 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고 상담이 효과적으로 진행될 수 있도록 이끄는 매개체 역할을 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2012

Objectives : Childhood depressive disorder one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school aged children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of childhood depressive disorder in Korea. Methods : In this study, a survey was conducted of elementary school children in the Cheonan area from September 2009 to August 2010. A total of 12,084 children were included in the analyses. The primary measure of depression was the 27-item Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Korean Dupaul attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scales (K-ARS), Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire (RLSQ) were also administered. Results : The prevalence rate of childhood depressive disorder was 3.07%. The mean age was $9.21{\pm}1.81$ years for the control group (5,969 male, 6,054 female) and $9.91{\pm}1.83$ years for the depression group (CDI score${\geq}$22 ; 159 male, 210 female). Age, height, weight, and economic status were similar for the two groups. However, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sex. The distribution of school grade also differed between the two groups. Scores for CDI, K-ARS, and ASSQ in the depressive group were higher than those of the control group. Conclusions : This is the first large-scale population-based study to report on the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder in South Korea. Increased rates of childhood depressive disorder, as reported by primary caretakers, might reflect the increasing negative impact of environmental risk factors on neurobehavioral health. Longitudinal study of the prevalence of childhood depressive disorder should be considered for further evaluation.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2014

본 연구는 청소년의 가족환경(부모양육태도, 가족응집성), 또래환경(또래관계의 질, 또래 괴롭힘)과 진로성숙도의 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 자료 수집을 위하여 서울시 4개 중학교 3학년 남녀 학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 423부의 자료를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 자료의 분석을 위해서 AMOS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 구조방정식 모형의 적합성 및 측정모형을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 가족환경은 또래환경에 직접적으로 높은 수준의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년의 가족환경과 또래환경이 자아존중감에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났는데, 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 직접적인 영향은 가족환경보다 또래환경이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 청소년의 자아존중감은 진로성숙도에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 가족환경과 또래환경은 자아존중감을 통하여 진로성숙도에 간접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 자아존중감의 매개 효과를 확인하였다. 구조모형 분석결과를 살펴보면, 청소년의 또래환경이 진로성숙도에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 자아존중감이 매개역할을 하고, 가족환경이 진로성숙도에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 또래환경과 자아존중감이 차례대로 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 청소년의 가족환경, 또래환경, 자아존중감 및 진로성숙도의 구조적 관계에서 자아존중감의 매개효과를 확인했다는 데에 의의가 있다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.1378-1389
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• 2020

본 연구는 초등학교 비만아동을 위한 통합비만관리프로그램을 개발·적용하여 비만지수, 생활습관 및 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 비동등성 대조군 사전·사후설계이다. 연구대상자는 초등학교 4~6학년 아동으로 실험군 30명과 대조군 28이었다. 통합비만관리프로그램은 교육프로그램 주 1회, 운동프로그램 주 3회로 구성하여 8주간 실시되었다. 수집된 자료는 chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA를 사용해 분석하였다. 연구결과 실험군에서 체질량지수는 25.83kg/㎡에서 24.82kg/㎡로 감소하였고(p<.05), 체지방률은 대조군에 비해 감소하였으며(p<.05), 비만도도 개선되었다(p<.01). 그러나 근육량은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 중재 후 생활습관(p<.05)), 식이 자기효능감(p<.001), 운동 자기효능감(p<.05)은 향상되었다. 이를 통해 본 연구의 통합비만관리프로그램은 초등학교 비만아동들의 비만도와 비만을 감소시키는 생활습관 개선 및 자기효능감 증진에 효과적인 간호 중재임이 확인되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.737-745
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• 2017

본 연구는 학령기 비만아동을 위한 지역사회 참여형 비만관리 프로그램을 개발하여 비만지수와 운동습관, 식습관, 생활습관에 미치는 영향을 검정한 비동등성 대조군 사전 사후설계이다. 연구대상자는 초등학교 4학년 학생 중 체질량지수가 2007년 소아 및 청소년 표준 성장 도표를 이용하여 85백분위수 이상인 아동으로 실험군 24명과 대조군 27명이었다. 비만관리 프로그램은 실내활동과 실외활동으로 이루어졌으며, 10주간 진행되었다. 실외활동은 줄넘기와 걷기운동을 매주 2회, 전래놀이를 매주 1회 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA를 사용하였다. 연구결과 실험군에서 체질량지수는 $23.64kg/m^2$에서 $22.96kg/m^2$로 감소하였고(p<.001) 복부지방률은 0.889에서 0.887로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.036). 그러나 체지방률은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 중재 후 운동습관(p=.004), 식습관(p=.003), 생활습관(p=.001)은 모두 향상되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 개발된 지역사회 참여형 비만관리 프로그램은 학령기 비만아동들의 비만지수와 비만을 감소시키는 생활습관의 개선에 효과적인 간호 중재임이 확인되었다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.53-73
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the actor and partner effects of the relationships among dual-earner couple's work-family experiences and mental health using APIM (Actor and Partner Interdependence Model). Method: Using the 7~8th (2015) wave of PSKC (Panel Study on Korean Children), the study included 606 couples raising children who are in the first grade of elementary school. Results: The result 1 shows relationships between work-parenting gains and depression/life-satisfaction (Model 1 & Model 2). In Model 1, wives' level of work-parenting gains was not associated with depression of their own nor of their spouse. However, husbands' level of work-parenting gains was associated with their spouses' as well as depression of their own. In Model 2, wives' level of work-parenting gains was associated with life-satisfaction of their own but it was not associated with life-satisfaction of their spouse. However, husbands' level of work-parenting gains was associated with their spouses' as well as life-satisfaction of their own. The result 2 shows relationships between work-parenting strains and depression/life-satisfaction (Model 3 & Model 4). In Model 3, wives' level of work-parenting strains was associated with their spouses' as well as depression of their own. In addition, husbands' level of work-parenting strains was associated with their spouses' as well as depression of their own. In Model 4, wives' level of work-parenting strains was associated with life-satisfaction of their own but it was not associated with life-satisfaction of their spouse. However, husbands' level of work-parenting strains was associated with their spouses' as well as life-satisfaction of their own. Conclusions: These findings extend our understanding of the relationships between work-family experiences and mental health using dyadic data.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.458-467
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to identify factors related to the health behavior in elementary school children at a late school age and to provide basic data to develop more concrete and practical applications for health promotion and disease prevention. Methods: The participants were 2,775 4th, 5th and 6th graders sampled from 10 elementary schools in Busan Metropolitan City and data were collected from 15th May to 30th June, 2010. The collected data were analyzed by mean, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The average percentiles for self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior were 82.8, 69.5, 40.9 79.3, 75.9 and 75.9, respectively. There was significant relationship among the levels of self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior. Body satisfaction was the most powerful factor to the health behavior of elementary school children at a late school age, and was followed by parent attachment, self-rated health, self-esteem, and grade in order. These variables explained 26.6% of the total variance in health behavior. Conclusion: Health promotion behavior programs including body satisfaction and self-esteem elevation programs should be applied to children at home and in school and community. To achieve this, institutional and economic support should be continued.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2016

로봇의 발음인식과 진단 그리고 발음빠르기는 로봇보조언어교육의 가장 중요한 상호작용이다. 이 연구는 한국인 초등 영어 학습자를 위하여 음율적 오류를 수정함으로써 원어민과 같은 억양을 산출하기 위한 로봇음성합성기의 효과성을 측정하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 초등 4학년 영어학습자들의 F0 범위값과 발화 속도라는 음성음향적 변수를 측정하여 분석하였고, 그 결과를 정규 영어교육의 시작하지 않은 1학년 학습자와 비교하였다. 로봇음성합성기를 활용한 언어학습에서 두 집단은 F0값보다 발화속도 변인에 반응하였다.