• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.655-665
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• 2015

This study classified respondents by food-lifestyle and investigated differences in diet-related attitudes and demographic variables among food-lifestyle groups. Diet-related attitudes consisted of variables such as interest in diet, trial number of diet, diet period, weight loss, diet motivation, verification of products approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, verification of manufacturer's reliability, examination of damage cases and side effects, and awareness of consumer protection law. This study administered a questionnaire survey to adults between the ages of 20 and 39 who lived in Daegu and Uijeongbu from November 17th to December 14th 2014. Data collected from 293 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses, cluster analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Four clusters (passive eating habit group, active eating habit group, convenience oriented group, and taste and health oriented group) were developed according to four factors of food-lifestyle (health-conscious, popularity-seeking, taste-seeking, convenience-seeking). The results of the ANOVA and chi-square tests indicated significant differences in interest in diet, awareness of consumer protection law, verification of products approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, verification of manufacturer's reliability, examination of damage cases and side effects, gender, education levels and household monthly income levels among food-lifestyle groups.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Smoking has become one of the public health harzard affecting the world. In the UK, smoking is responsible for around one in five deaths. The illnesses caused by smoking extend beyond the well-reported links with cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Hence the research to determine the awareness of the predisposing factor to smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. This is because descriptive studies are used when the characteristics of a population are either unknown or partially known (Hennekens & Buring, 2007), and it was used by Ganley and Rosario (2013) in a related research this justified the use of similar design in a study of similar nature.Two hundred and seventy returned questionnaire was collected, analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. There was statistical significant influence or relationship with marital status on the predisposing factors of smoking chi-square of 19716.516 greater than the critical value 43.77297at df 30 p<0.05. There were statistical significance chi-square =27468.348 which is greater than the critical value 43.77297 at df= 30. These show that there is a relationship on gender awareness of predisposing factors to smoking rejecting the null hypotheses. The respondents across different lever/year higher institution shows that the awareness of predisposing factors of smoking there were a statistical significance difference chi-square =7168.429 (df=88) greater than critical value 102.342 rejecting the null hypotheses. There is consistent evidence that links exposure to depictions of smoking in movies and initiation of smoking in young people. Over the years television shows and films have effectively built up associations between smoking and glamour, sex and risk-taking. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors and pop stars. This can lead us to emulate their behaviour and try smoking.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2004

If the given information is exact, though it is the little, we had better use it than not use in analysis. In this article, the problem of independence test in a contingency table is considered when two marginal distributions of a population are given exactly. For that case, a likelihood-ratio chi-squared test statistic and its Pearsonian type chi-squared test statistic are derived. By Monte Carlo Simulations the traditional chi-square tests and the derived tests are compared. And the related some testing problems are synthetically explained on a geometrical viewpoint.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This study aimed to find out the factors influencing the fall of middle-aged women aged 40 to 64 and to use it as basic data for the development of a fall prevention program. The study was based on raw data from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. To establish the impact of fall experience of middle-aged women, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression were used. Of the 43,917 people surveyed, 11.9% of middle-aged women said that they had experienced a fall. Falls were more common among women with increasing age or without a spouse. Those who experienced a lot of depression and perceived stress and were diagnosed with diabetes also had a higher fall experience. In the case of drinking, women who drank more than non-drinkers were more likely to fall. The results of this study can lead to a better understanding middle-aged women who have experienced falls, and they can be used as basic data for the development of related health programs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.3 s.31
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• pp.134-145
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• 2006

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate what type of assumption and conditions are needed for the application of various statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and chi-square test and to evaluate that they are used correctly in the research process. Methods : One more methods of statistical analysis were used in 91 papers among 162 papers selected from the journal of Korean oriental medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology from April 2003 to December 2005. So we analysed the type of statistical analysis method in 91 papers(clinical and experimental study) and assessed the their validity of statistical techniques by the check list consisting of 34 items(3 items for validity assessment of descriptive statistics, 6 items for t-test, 7 items for analysis of variance, correlation analysis and regression analysis, respectively, 4 items for chi-square test) Results : 1. The type of 65(40%) cases is experimental trial, the type of 55(34%) cases is case report, the type of 26(16%) cases is clinical trial and the type of 16(10%) cases is review, in 91 papers using statistical techniques among 162 papers selected from the journal of Korean oriental medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatol-ogy from April 2003 to December 2005. 2. One more methods of statistical analysis were used in the experimental and clinical study. When we classified 125 units using statistical analysis methods in 91 papers according to statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and chi-square test, the number of independent sample t-test is 33(26%), the number of only descriptive statistics is 28(22%), the number of independent sample t-test is 33(26%), the number of only descriptive statistics is 28(22%), the number of one way ANOVA is 15(12%), the number of non-parametric test 10(8%). 3. After carrying out one way ANOVA, the number of using multiple comparison methods is 15(Scheffe:6(26%), Duncan:4(17%), Dunnett:3(13%), Tukey:2(9%)) out of 23 (total case carrying out one way ANOVA). 8(35%) out of 23 did not enforce multiple comparison methods after carrying out one way ANOVA. 4. From the assessment of validity about 63 cases using statistical techniques(except descriptive statistics), 5(8%) cases are proper, the other 58(92%) are improper, so we recognized a serious misuse of statistical application in our journal. 5. The number of case below 10 sample size in experimental and clinical study(except descriptive statistics) is 31(34%) and frequent. Also the number of case containing no mention of sample size is 41(45%, including culture study). 6. For example of statistical error, there are wrong choice of statistical technique, lack of check on standard assumption(such as standard distribution, equivariance, independence), and so on. Conclusions : We investigated the validity of statistical analysis methods in our journal by check list consisting of 34 items and suggested correct statistical analysis methods. We should practice the spread of education about statistical analysis methods and precis application, enhance objectivity and reliability of our thesis and further correspond with purpose of scientific study.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2001

We are interested in the conditional independence in sparse $2\tims2\tims$K tables with very rare cell counts. The most popular test is Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic when sample sizes are moderately large enough to guarantee the chi-square approximation. We will consider jackknifing the CMH test and also suggest an approximate normal distribution for the standardized jackknifed CMH statistic. The main focus of this paper is to improve the chi-squared approximation to the CMH test by using the asymptotic normality of the jackknifed CMH test when sample sizes are very sparse but K and N$\infty$. The performance of the proposed jackknifed test, in the sense of significance level control and power, will be compared with that of the CMH test through a Monte Carlo study.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-104
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• 2008

Growth curves including Bass, Logistic and Gompertz functions are widely used in forecasting the market demand. Nonlinear least square method is often adopted for estimating the model parameters but it is difficult to set up the starting value for each parameter. If a wrong starting point is selected, the result may lead to erroneous forecasts. This paper proposes a method of selecting starting values for model parameters in estimating some growth curves by nonlinear least square method through grid search and transformation into linear regression model. Resealing the market data using the national economic index makes it possible to figure out the range of parameters and to utilize the grid search method. Application to some real data is also included, where the performance of our method is demonstrated.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.127-134
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• 2005

A suitable representation for the conceptual simplicity of the data in statistics and signal processing is essential for a subsequent analysis such as prediction, pattern recognition, and spatial analysis. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a statistical method for transforming an observed high-dimensional multivariate data into statistically independent components. ICA has been applied increasingly in wide fields of spectrum application since ICA is able to extract unknown components of a mixture from spectra. We focus on application of ICA for separating independent sources and predicting each composition using extracted components. The theory of ICA is introduced and an application to a metal surface spectra data will be described, where subsequent analysis using non-negative least square method is performed to predict composition ratio of each sample. Furthermore, some simulation experiments are performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2009

A linear-prediction-based blind equalization algorithm for single-input single-output (SISO) finite impulse response/infinite impulse response (FIR/IIR) channels is proposed. The new algorithm is based on second-order statistics, and it does not require channel order estimation. By oversampling the channel output, the SISO channel model is converted to a special single-input multiple-output (SIMO) model. Two forward linear predictors with consecutive prediction delays are applied to the subchannel outputs of the SIMO model. It is demonstrated that the partial parameters of the SIMO model can be estimated from the difference between the prediction errors when the length of the predictors is sufficiently large. The sufficient filter length for achieving the optimal prediction is also derived. Based on the estimated parameters, both batch and adaptive minimum-mean-square-error equalizers are developed. The performance of the proposed equalizers is evaluated by computer simulations and compared with existing algorithms.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.215-228
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• 2003

Decision tree algorithms are used extensively for data mining in many domains such as retail target marketing, fraud dection, data reduction and variable screening, interaction effect identification, category merging and discretizing continuous variable, etc. CHAID(Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector), is an exploratory method used to study the relationship between a dependent variable and a series of predictor variables. CHAID modeling selects a set of predictors and their interactions that optimally predict the dependent measure. In this paper we explore CHAID algorithm in view of accuracy and speed by sampling proportion.