• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2014

This study was aimed to develop catalytic system for the dry-based reduction of oxidized mercury ($Hg^{2+}$) to elemental mercury ($Hg^0$) which is one of the most important components comprising mercury continuous emission monitoring system (Hg-CEMS). Based on the standard potential in oxidation-reduction reaction, transition metals including Fe, Cu, Ni and Co were selected as possible candidates for catalyst proceeding spontaneous reduction of $Hg^{2+}$ into $Hg^0$. These transition metal catalysts revealed high activity for reduction of $Hg^{2+}$ into $Hg^0$ in the absence of oxygen in reactant gases. However, their activities were greatly decreased in the presence of oxygen, which was attributed to the transformation of transition metals by oxygen to the corresponding transition metal oxides with less catalytic activity for the reduction of oxidized mercury. Hydrogen supplied to the reactant gases significantly enhanced $Hg^{2+}$ reduction activity even in the presence of oxygen. It might be due to occurrence of combustion reaction between $H_2$ and $O_2$ causing the consumption of $O_2$ at such high reaction temperature at which oxidized mercury reduction reaction took place. Because the system showed high activity for $Hg^{2+}$ reduction to $Hg^0$, which was compatible to that of wet-chemistry technology using $SnCl_2$ solution, the catalytic reduction system of Fe catalyst with the supply of $H_2$ could be employed as a commercial system for the reduction of oxidized mercury to elemental mercury.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.365-370
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• 1983

Cellooligosaccharides were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose by acetolysis, deacetylation, and chromatographic fractionation, to determine the optimum time of treatment with acetolysis mixture. The fractionation was accomplished by ethanol-water gradient elution on chromatographic column composed of stearic acid-treated mixture of charcoal and Celite. The amount of initial acetolysis product was increased with the reaction period, however, the acetylated mixture of longer reaction period appeared to contain the greater bulk of methanol-insoluble material. Better yields of most of oligosaccharides were obtained with 3-hr acetolysis. When the reaction time was extended to 4-hr, yields of shorter chain oligosaccharides increased at the expense of the The yields obtained with 3-hr acetclys is from 68.2g of Sigmacell Type 19 were : cellotriose, 1.36g(2.0%) ; -tetraose, 1.64g(2.4%) ; -pentaose, 1.16g(1.7%) ; -hexaose, 0.82g(1.2%) ; and -heptaose, 0.21g(0.3%).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.371-376
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• 1982

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sludges from leather and paper processing as sources of fertilizers on the rice. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. When 1,000kg of composts, 500kg of leather sludges and 500kg of leather sludge plus 100kg of $CaCO_3$, were applied per 10a, there were 7 to 10% of yield increase overthe non-treatment (check). When 1,000kg of paper sludge and 1,000kg of leather sludge plus 100kg of $CaCO_3$ were applied per 10a, there were 22 to 23% of yield increase over the check plot. 2. It was apparent that one of the reasons for increased yield. components such as number of spike and ripening ratio was due to the promotion of sludge decomposition by the $CaCO_3$. 3. The reason for the high ripening ratio and increased number of spike when paper sludge was applied might be due to the effects of high amount of nitrogen and phosphorous contained in paper sludge. 4. Effects of leather or paper sludges on the rice as organic fertilizer were highly appreciable, but further studies will be necessary for the effects of heavy minerals contained in the paper or leather sludges.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.441-453
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• 1998

Varieties of the cereals produced in the Biblical times and the ways these cereal foods have been grafted into Korean food culture has been pursued, and the regulations of agricultural life and the metaphors or parables of cereals represented throughout the Bible have been studied. The word "grain" appears eight times in the KJV and one hundred seventeen times in the RSV. On the other hand, the word "corn" shows up one hundred and one times in the KJV but not in the RSV at all. Wheat, one of the earliest cultivated and the most important grains for food is mentioned fifty two times in KJV and generally the rich in those days lived on wheat in the parched state or in the form of bread. Barley, one of the staple cereal crops of Palestine is referred to thirty six times in the KJV. It was less expensive than wheat and so was used mainly for the food of such animals as horses, donkeys and cattle, but sometimes it was mixed with flour and used for making bread for men, mostly for Poor men. The spelt (in ASV and RSV) and the rie(in KJV) appearing in Exodus 9:32 is a kind of grain, which is translated into Na-mack (in Hangul Revised Bible ; HRB), Ssal-bori (in Hangul Common Translated Bible : HCB) and Ho-mil (in Hangul King James Bible; HKJB) but which should be put into Spelt-mil in Korean. The lentil appearing in Genesis 25 : 34 is translated into Pat (red-bean) and Bul-kong respectively in HRB and HCB but the same word in the Second Book of Samuel is translated into Pat in both HRB and HCB. HCB translates lentil into Bul-kong in Genesis and into Pat in the Second Book of Samuel (23:11). HCB and HKJB which put lentil into Pat in previous parts translate the word into Nok-tu in the Second Book of Samuel. The word, lentil here should be put into lentil-kong and parched pulse into "Poken-Chong-ja" not into Poken-Nok-tu. Millet which is translated into Cho should be put into Gui-jang. filches should not be classified as a grain or a cereal but as a flavor or a condiment, so the word filches should be put into So-Hoi-hyang or Hoi-hyang. Regulations in reference to agriculture are included in the Bible. That is, it is seen that the Bible regulates the observance of the sabbatical year and feasts, the partition of land, how to sow and so on. It is also observed that grains are used for metaphors or parables: wheat represents the peaceful times and straws are compared to trifles. As seen above, there should be more prudent examinations and standards for the translation of grains into Pat, Pul-kong, Nok-tu, Gui-ree, Ssal-bo-ri and Na-mack.i-ree, Ssal-bo-ri and Na-mack.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.712-723
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• 2016

This paper is to suggest the methods about the environmental risk assessment (ERA) based on non-target insect species for LM rice crop produced by biotechnology. We used some data by the picture dictionary of agricultural pests in Korea, some books for ERA or rice pest ecology, articles about rice ecology, and internet sites and many specialists gave us good advice for this ERA system. We found about 140 insect species using rice crop as their habitat and we discriminated herbivores into Sap feeder, Grain feeder, Defoliator, and Pollen feeder according to their food functional group. We also clarified the potential damage possibility of insect species from LM rice crop. Then, we ranked 10 non-target insect species (Baliothrips biformis, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Mythimna separata, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cletus schmidti Kiritshenko, Scotinophara lurida, Nilaparvata bakeri, Oxya chinensis, Agromyza oryzae) with giving some scores using Geographic distribution, Habitat specialization, Prevalence on crop, Abundance. We showed some environmental risk hypotheses about herbivore, predator, and parasitoid, and infered the impacts of non-target species on LM rice crop. Conclusively, we want to serve this methodology to build the biosafety system from biotechnology crops, and the methodology is to keep public health, sustain the biodiversity, and conserve the natural ecosystems.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.245-253
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• 2012

Benzylinedeneacetone (BZA) is a bacterial metabolite which is synthesized by at least two entomopathogenic bacteria, namely Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata. It has been shown to possess inhibitory effects on insect cellular and humoral immune responses as well as antimicrobial activities against various species of bacteria and fungi. However, its relatively high phytotoxicity, and nonsystematic effect have thus far prevented its development into an optimal pesticide. This study screened five different BZA derivatives in order to select an optimal compound, which would have relatively high solubility and low phytotoxicity while retaining sufficient degrees of the immunosuppressive and antimicrobial activities associated with BZA. Hydroxylation of the benzene ring of BZA was found to significantly suppress its immunosuppressive and antimicrobial activities. Transformation of the ketone of BZA by carboxylation also suppressed the inhibitory activities. However, a shortening of the aliphatic chain of BZA into acetate form (4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid: HPA) did not decrease the inhibitory activity. HPA also showed much less phytotoxicity against the hot pepper plant Capsicum annuum, when compared to BZA. This study identified an optimal BZA derivative, which exhibited relatively little phytotoxicity, but retained a high degree of inhibitory activity to suppress insect immune responses and antimicrobial activities against plant pathogens.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2010

Plastid proteomics are essential organelles present in virtually all cells in plants and green algae. Plastids are responsible for the synthesis and storage of key molecules required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. The proteome of plastid, and in particular of chloroplast, have received significant amounts of attention in recent years. Various fractionation and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have been applied to catalogue the chloroplast proteome and its sub-organelles compartments. To better understanding the function of the lumenal sub-organelles within the thylakoid network, we have carried out a systematical analysis and identification of the lumenal proteins in the thylakoid of wheat by using Tricine-SDS-PAGE, and LTQ-ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry followed by SWISS-PROT database searching. We isolation and fractionation these membrane from fully developed wheat leaves using a combination of differential and gradient centrifugation couple to high speed ultra-centrifuge. After collecting all proteins to eliminate possible same proteins, we estimated that there are 407 different proteins including chloroplast, chloroplast stroma, lumenal, and thylakoid membrane proteins excluding 20 proteins, which were identified in nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. A combination of these three programs (PSORT, TargetP, TMHMM, and TOPPRED) was found to provide a useful tool for evaluating chloroplast localization, transit peptide, transmembranes, and also could reveal possible alternative processing sites and dual targeting. Finally, we report also sub-cellular location specific protein interaction network using Cytoscape software, which provides further insight into the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. The present work helps understanding photosynthesis process in wheat at the molecular level and provides a new overview of the biochemical machinery of the thylakoid in wheat.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 2006

We employed human SK-MEL-28 cells as a model system to identify cellular proteins that accompany N-(4-methyl)phenyl-O-(4-methoxy)phenyl-thionocarbamate (MMTC)-induced apoptosis based on a proteomic approach. Cell viability tests revealed that SK-MEL-28 skin cancer cells underwent more cell death than normal HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with MMTC. Two-dimensional electrophoresis in conjunction with matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis or computer matching with a protein database further revealed that the MMTC-induced apoptosis is accompanied by increased levels of caspase-1, checkpoint suppressor-1, caspase-4, NF-kB inhibitor, AP-2, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, melanoma inhibitor, granzyme K, G1/S specific cyclin D3, cystein rich protein, Ras-related protein Rab-37 or Ras-related protein Rab-13, and reduced levels of EMS (oncogene), ATP synthase, tyrosine-phosphatase, Cdc25c, 14-3-3 protein or specific structure of nuclear receptor. The migration suppressing effect of MMTC on SK-MEL-28 cell was tested. MMTC suppressed the metastasis of SK-MEL-8 cells. It was also identified that MMTC had little angiogenic effect because it did not suppress the proliferation of HUVEC cell line. These results suggest that MMTC is a novel chemotherapeutic and metastatic agents against the SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell line.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2012

More than 3 wt% of polycyclic aromatics (PCAs) in process oil is known to cause skin cancer. The criterion of distinguishing between low PCA oil and high PCA oil is based on 3 wt% of PCA. High PCA oil is called as a carcinogen like distillate aromatic extract (DAE). Low PCA oil is considered as safety oils like treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE), mild extract solvate (MES), and paraffinic oil. Four types of process oils such as DAE, TDAE, MES, and paraffinic oil purified by solvent extraction and separation skills from SBR vulcanizates were measured by FT-IR techniques. The effects of rubber chemicals such as N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylnenediamine (HPPD), polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMDQ), paraffin wax as antidegradants, and processing aid like Structol 40MS on paraffinic oil from SBR vulcanizates were also studied. The type of low or high PCA was identified by the relative abundance of absorbance at the aromatic substitution patterns of 864, 810, and $754cm^{-1}$ and at the paraffinic or naphthenic pattern of $721cm^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2018

The facial skin condition expresses physical healthy as well as is considered one of important factors for attractiveness. Especially, most people prefer shiny skin. So various cosmetics has been manufactured for expression of shiny skin. However, shiny skin is subjectively evaluated, and difficult to evaluate clear shininess using the existing method in oily skin. Moreover, there is no clear classification criteria between shininess and glossiness, which is assessed negatively in the skin. So there has not been a reference value by mechanical measurement to define and classify shiny skin from greasy skin. In this study, we measured skin biophysical parameters (gloss, hydration, translucency and sebum) and facial images which are selected by volunteers using sensory evaluation. According to the measurement results, the values of gloss, sebum, and translucency were similar in both shiny and greasy skin; the values of sebum and gloss increased, whereas those of translucency decreased. However only skin moisture values statistically increased in shiny skin. In conclusion, we propose objective assessment criteria for classifying shiny and greasy skin using device measurement and quantitative assessment.