• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-225
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• 2005

The effect of extracellular products (ECPs) prepared from highly virulent Edwardsiella tarda PoKF-000623 on the physiological and the immunological function in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus was evaluated. The virulence of ECPs on the fish, 5.6 g of average body weight was detected $0.714{\mu}{g}$ g $fish^{-1}$ as $96hr-LD_{50}$ by intraperitonial injection. After intramuscularly injected with 0, 4 and $40{\mu}{g}$ ECPs TEX>$fish^{-1}$ to fish average sized 59.1 g of body weight, the fish were measured the glucose and total protein concentration in sera, and immune activity of kidney macrophage. The fish injected with $40{\mu}{g}$ protein $fish^{-1}$ showed a significant increase in the glucose and total protein concentration in sera. But, the fish were changed in cellular immune response as lowed chemiluminescence response and bactericidal activity of head kidney macrophage. These results were suggested that ECPs of E. tarda could be effect on the physiological and the immunological factors, especially in the function of kidney macrophage concerning to edwardsiellosis infection.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2002

This study was performed to know the effects of stress induced by the daily fluctuation of water temperture from 18$^{\circ}C$ to 25$^{\circ}C$ up and down for 30 days on the defence mechanism of olive flounder. Puralichthys olivaceus. To make clear the temperature stress on the defense mechanism of the tested fish. several factors of immune response such as counting of leucocyte appearance in peripheral blood, phagocytic activity in whole blood cells, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) reduction, chemiluminescence(CL) response, and lysozyme activity were investigated at 28 days after giving the change of water temperature. The fish was controlled under the none feeding condition during experimental period. Mortality of the tested fish was rapidly increased up to 22% within the first one week of the experimental period without any additional stress factors. The number of neutrophil of peripheral blood in the tested group was significantly higher than the control group at the 2nd week. but the number of lymphocyte was significantly lower than the control group at the 1st and 3rd day of the experimental period. respectively. In the NBT reduction test, the activity of macrophage in the control group fish was the highest on the 7th day while that in the tested group was on the 3rd day. Also. the phagocytosis of tested group against formalin killed cells was retarded compared with the control. CL response of the tested group was significantly lower from 2nd to 5lh day of the experimental period than the control. 'The lysozyme activity of tested group was remained higher during the experimental period than the control. Even though the tested fish showed different results in some non-specific factors of immune respceses between tested and control group fish, olive flounder seems highly adaptable in repealed water temperature change in condition after one week under the given temperature fluctuation range.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1020-1024
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Kamidaebo-tang water extract (KDT) on murine peritoneal macrophages. KDT (50 or 250 mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days to mice. KDT increased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide from murine peritoneal macrophages, but decreased the production of interleukin-1β. Also, KDT enhanced the production of lucigenin chemiluminescence from peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that KDT enhances the non-specific immune response via increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide and phagocytic activity from peritoneal macrophages.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

It has been reported that various anti-oxidant substances stimulate non-specific immune responses in fishes. In this study it was examined whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH) precursor, can modulate non-specific immune parameters in 8 different fishes. NAC was intraperitoneally administered at 10 mg/kg to catfish (Silurus asotus), loach (Misgurnus mizolepis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), eel (Anguilla japonica), snakehead (Channa argus), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mullet (Mugil cephalus). Forty-eight hours later, chemiluminescence (CL) response of head-kidney leukocytes and serum lysozyme activity were assessed. In all fishes except crusian carp and loach, CL responses were amplified by NAC. Lysozyme activity was increased by NAC in all fish species but not in tilapia. This result suggests that NAC stimulates non-specific immune responses in various species, and that such effects may have beneficial significance in aquaculture for practical utilization.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

Management and control of ammonia at the sources and ambient largely depend on sampling and measurement techniques. Good sampling and measurement techniques provide high quality data. The main purpose of the study is compare the analytical characteristics of the Indolphenol method which is one of the standard method in Korea with automatic analyzers for continued measuring gaseous ammonia. For comparison with other analytical methods, the verification test was designed to evaluate performance parameters; linearity, absorption efficiency, reproducibility and repeatability test, accuracy, and response time test. $R^2$ of calibration curve using IPM and CLM was very high (value is 1.000), but for EcSM $R^2$ value was estimated to be lower than IPM and CLM (as 0.991). The RSD of the CLM ranged from 0.1 to 2.3% over the nine concentration levels measured, %Ds was 0.1 to 10.7%, and average RA over all the measurements was 3.3%. The RSD of IPM and EcSM was ranged from 1.0 to 8.1, 3.9 to 14.0 respectively, and average RA were 8.71, 4.9% respectively. Rise in response times of EcSM was estimated to be 1 minute. It is found to be more sensitive than response time (which ranged from 2 to 9 minute) of CLM. For ammonia concentration measured using the IPM and the CLM from the same ammonia source, linear regression of IPM versus CLM show a slope of 0.805, an intercept of 637 ppb, and $R^2$ of 0.868.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.134-140
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• 1997

Objectives of this study were to determine effects of insulin on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity and correlate this activity with relative amounts of ACC in MAC-T cells. MAC-T cells were grown in Medium 199 supplemented with fetal bovine serum (5%), cortisol ($1{\mu}g/ml$), and insulin ($1{\mu}g/ml$). At confuluence, the cells were transferred to $100mm^2$ culture dishes coated with the extracelluar matrix. After 10 h of incubation, the media were replaced with media without fetal bovine serum and the concentration of insulin was lowered to 5 ng/ml. After 24 h, the media were changed to contain the varying concentrations of insulin and incubations continued for 48 h. The addition of insulin resulted in increases in the specific activity of ACC. The maximal effects of insulin on the ACC activity occurred at concentrations of insulin, 1,000 ng/ml. In contrast, the relative change in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in response to increasing insulin concentration was minimal as compared to the effects of insulin on ACC. Transblot and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) analysis indicated that the increase in ACC activity in MAC-T cells caused by insulin were due to actual increases in amounts of enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2011

An experimental study of the flame response in a turbulent premixed combustor has been conducted in order to investigate mechanisms for combustion instabilities in a lean premixed gas turbine combustor. A lab-scale combustor and mixing section system were fabricated to measure the flame transfer function. Measurements are made of the velocity fluctuation in the nozzle using hot wire anemometry and of the heat release fluctuation in the combustor using chemiluminescence emission. The results show that the flame transfer functions are greatly dependent on the modulation frequency as well as operating conditions such as equivalence ratio. Flame dynamics can be generalized as a function of Strouhal number which is a ratio of flame length to modulation wave length.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.430-432
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• 2011

An experimental study of the flame response in a turbulent premixed combustor has been conducted in order to investigate mechanisms for combustion instabilities in lean premixed gas turbine combustor. A lab-scale combustor and mixing section system were fabricated to measure the flame transfer function. Measurements are made of the velocity fluctuation in the nozzle using hot wire anemometry and of the heat release fluctuation in the combustor using chemiluminescence emission. The results are analyzed to determine the phase and gain of the flame transfer function as a function of the modulation frequency and operating conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1993

This is to investigate the methodology for the simultaneous determination of Wk, mk and TSNA using gas chromatography(GC) in combination with chemiluminescence detector, thermal energy analyzer(TEA) . The simultaneous analysis has been estimated by evaluating tobacco. The TEA was linked to GC equipped with non -polar SPB -5 fused silica capillary column which was introduced into the ceramic pyrolysis tube by the point of 16cm from the end of TEA. Quantification was carried out by internal standardization with WDPA after calibration of retention times and response factors with authentic nitrosoamines. It was demonstrated that WDPA was most preferable as internal standard for the simultaneous analysis. The recoveries of the internal standard were in the range of 83∼96% . Nitrosoamines in this method were detected with determination limit of 0.1ng and was made by a straight line in calibration curve by TEA response. The suitability of nitrosoamines extraction in tobacco leaf was investigated. It was most suitable to extract nitrosoamines from tobacco leaves with 0.01 M NaOH within a period of 8 hours. Thimerosal as an antibacterial agent was added to NaOH solution to prevent artifactual formation. The fractionation and the purification of nitrosoamines form alkaline extracts were conveniently performed using Extrelut multilayer column and dichloromethane. Reproducible and reliable results were obtained for the determination of nitrosamines in a relatively short time compared to previous known method. TSNA contents in burley were about 4 times higher as those in the fluecured tobacco.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2005

Streptococcus iniae is one of the major bacterial pathogens of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea. This study was carried out to investigate the interaction between morphological characteristics and immune response such as phagocytosis and serum killing activity. They were differentiated phenotypically into two groups, the viscous colonies and the non-viscous colonies, but the strains in both groups were similar in physiological and biochemical characteristics. Electron microscopic examination of the viscous form revealed thick, electron-dense exopolysaccharide materials surrounding polycationic ferritin-stained cells, while the exopolysaccharide material was absent around the non-viscous form of S. iniae. The viscous type strains were disclosed more virulent than those of non-viscous type for olive flounder. The viscous strains were resistant to normal serum killing activity, while the non-viscous strains were susceptible to bactericidal activity of normal serum from olive flounder. The viscous strains were more resistant to opsonophagocytosis and decreased the chemiluminescence response of head kidney macrophages of olive flounder. All of the tested non-viscous S. iniae strains were efficiently destroyed by the macrophage after phagocytosis. Both the viscous and the non-viscous strains invaded and replicated in cultured fish cell line (CHSE-2l4). This cellular invasion may contribute to the pathogenesis of invasive S. iniae infection.