• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

Gastrodia elata Blume (Chunma) belongs to Orchidaceae, which is a perennial parasitic herbaceous plant and grows in the woods of the central provinces of China, Korea and Japan. Recently, the constituents of the tubers of this plant have been investigated by researchers who have revealed the presence of phenolic compounds including gastrodin as a major constituent, together with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin, 4,4-dihydroxybenzyl sulfoxide, vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, beta-sitosterol, organic acids and polysaccharides, etc. In this study, we used ultrasonicator and two kinds of enzymes for enhancement of extraction yield. We also used electronic nose for the aroma pattern analysis of Chunma extracts. The concentrations of glucose and functional constituents (gastrodin, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) were measured by biochemistry analyzer and HPLC, respectively. Therefore, we showed that the yield of extraction was increased and discomfortable odor was reduced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

It was studied on the reductive extraction between the eutectic salt and Bi metal phases. The solutes were zirconium and the rare earth elements, where zirconium was used as the surrogate for the transuranic(TRU) elements. All the experiments were performed in a glove box filled with argon gas. Two types of experimental conditions were used -high and low initial solute concentrations in salt. Li-Bi alloy was used as a reducing agent to reduce the high chemical activity of Li. The reductive extraction characteristics were examined using ICP, XRD and EPMA analysis. Zirconium was successfully separated from the rare earth elements by the reductive extraction method. The LiF-NaF-KF system was favorable among the fluoride salt systems, whereas the LiCl-KCl system was favorable among the chloride salt systems. When the solute concentrations were high, intermetallic compounds were found near the salt-metal interface.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.965-970
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• 2008

The separation of sulfone components using light cycle oil(LCO) after oxidation was carried out by solvent extraction method using various polar solvents such as water, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide, and methyl alcohol. It was found that phase separation between LCO layer and solvent occurred under mixed solvent adding a proper amount of water. The mixture solvent of NMP and water was a promising extraction solvent due to the selective removal and high distribution coefficient of sulfone component in LCO. 99.5% over of sulfur contents in LCO can be removed by 4 stages equilibrium extraction.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2018

In this study, polyphenols were extracted from Angelica, which are known to have a high antioxidant content and the extraction process was optimized using the response surface methodology. The extraction yield and the total polyphenols were set as response values for the methodology. Quantitative factors in the extraction process were the extraction time, volume ratio of alcohol/ultrapure water, and extraction temperature. When considering both the main and interaction effects, the greatest influence factor on the extraction yield and total polyphenols was the extraction time. The optimum extraction time and temperature and alcohol/ultrapure water volume ratio for angelica were 2.8 h, $56.6^{\circ}C$ and 64.0 vol% respectively. The extraction yield and total polyphenols when using the conditions were calculated to be 24.6% and 8.76 mg GAE/g. respectively. Determination coefficients of regression equations for the extraction yield and total polyphenols were 81.4 and 75.4%, respectively. Also the overall satisfaction level was found to be 0.80 and the significance was confirmed within 5%.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound on the extraction of oil from canola seeds when supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCCO_2$) was used as an extraction solvent. The ultrasound-assisted $SCCO_2$ extraction were carried out while varying such operating parameters as particle size of crushed canola seed, flow rate of $SCCO_2$, aspect ratio of the extraction vessel, and ultrasound power. The extraction rate decreased with increasing particle size of samples, showing a maximun at a $CO_2$ flow rate of 6.2 L/min. Both the extraction rate and extraction yield increased with a decrease in the aspect ratio of the extraction vessel. For the ultrasoundassisted $SCCO_2$ extraction, the extraction yield was slightly increased when the $CO_2$ flow rate was below 6 mL/min with sample A and B.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.427-432
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a cosolvent-modified supercritical $CO_2\;(scCO_2)$ extraction technique for the production of licorice extracts with high levels of glabridin. The effects of various parameters such as the type and amount of modifiers, extraction temperature ($40{\sim}80^{\circ}C$) and pressure ($10{\sim}50.0\;MPa$) on the extraction efficiency were examined at a fixed flow rate of 1 mL/min. The organic solvent extraction with pure methanol was also conducted for a quantitative comparison with the $scCO_2$ extraction. The recovery of glabridin from licorice was found to be extremely small for pure $scCO_2$. However, the addition of modifiers such as ethanol and acetone to $scCO_2$ resulted in a significant improvement in the recovery of glabridin. The recovery of glabridin was observed to increase with pressure at a constant temperature. Furthermore, the purity of the glabridin obtained from the $scCO_2$ extraction was higher compared with the organic solvent extraction.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 2016

We developed a liquid-liquid extraction method using an inorganic salt to dramatically improve the recovery efficiency of the anticancer agent paclitaxel from plant cell cultures. As a result of liquid-liquid extraction using a diverse types of inorganic salt (NaCl, KCl, $K_2HPO_4$, $NaH_2PO_4$, $NaH_2PO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$), NaCl gave the highest yield (~96%) and lowest partition coefficient (0.053) of paclitaxel. The optimal NaCl/solvent ratio, methylene chloride/MeOH ratio, and pure paclitaxel content for liquid-liquid extraction using NaCl were 1% (w/v), 26% (v/v), and 0.066% (w/v), respectively. Under the optimal conditions developed in the present method, most of the paclitaxel (~96%) was recovered from biomass by a single extraction step. In addition, this method facilitated 3-fold higher recovery efficiency of paclitaxel in a shorter extraction number than the conventional liquid-liquid extraction method.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.695-702
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• 2015

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using various solvents was studied for recovery of acetic acid from a synthetic ethanol fermentation broth. The microbial fermentation of sugars presented in hydrolyzate gives rise to acetic acid as a byproduct. In order to obtain pure ethanol for use as a biofuel, fermentation broth should be subjected to acetic acid removal step and the recovered acetic acid can be put to industrial use. Herein, batch LLE experiments were carried out at $25^{\circ}C$ using a synthetic fermentation broth comprising $20.0g\;l^{-1}$ acetic acid and $5.0g\;l^{-1}$ ethanol. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), tri-n-octylamine (TOA), and tri-n-alkylphosphine oxide (TAPO) were utilized as solvents, and the extraction potential of each solvent was evaluated by varying the organic phase-to-aqueous phase ratios as 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0. The highest acetic acid extraction yield was achieved with TAPO; however, the lowest ethanol-to-acetic acid extraction ratio was obtained using TOPO. In a single-stage batch extraction, 97.0 % and 92.4 % of acetic acid could be extracted using TAPO and TOPO when the ratio of organic-to-aqueous phases is 4:1 respectively. A higher solvent-to-feed ratio resulted in an increase in the ethanol-to-acetic acid ratio, which decreased both acetic acid purity and acetic acid extraction yield.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.276-279
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• 2016

In this study, we extracted active components from thistle, persimmon leaf, and new green which are known to have a high content of antioxidants and also analyzed the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavening activity and flavonoid content. Both ultrapure water and alcohol were used as extraction solvents and the ratio of both solvents, sample, amunts extraction time, and extraction temperature were varied. The optimal extraction condition of each natural compounds were 2.5~3.5 h of the extraction time and 50 g/L of the sample amount. The optimal ratio of ultrapure water and alcohol and extraction temperature were as follows; persimmon leaf (55~65 vol%, $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$), thistle (40~50 vol%, $55{\sim}65^{\circ}C$) and new green (55~65 vol%, $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$). In addition, the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content of the extract increased in the order of persimmon leaf, thistle, and new green.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 2016

In this study, an efficient ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction process was developed for recovering of paclitaxel from plant cell cultures. The optimal ultrasonic power and operating time were 250 W and 15 min at fixed ratio of bottom phase, methylene chloride to top phase, MeOH (25%, v/v). Under the optimal conditions developed in the present method, most of the paclitaxel (~92%) was recovered from crude extract by a single extraction step. Due to the synergistic effect of ultrasound by the addition of inorganic salt, an appropriate inorganic salt concentration and the ultrasonic power were found to be required for the effective recovery of paclitaxel using ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid extraction.