• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2005

연속식 유동층 반응기에서 흡착제인 천연망간광석을 이용한 탈황반응과, grain model과 two-phase 이론에 근거한 탈황 모사를 연구하였다. 입자 내의 기공 구조변화를 고려한 grain model을 통하여 탈황 반응시간, 천연망간광석의 입자 크기, 기공 내에서 $SO_2$의 확산속도에 대한 영향을 고찰한 결과, 입자의 기공 내에서 $SO_2$ 가스 확산이 탈황 반응의 가장 중요한 요소로 나타났다. 또한, 연속식 유동층 반응기에서 흡착제인 천연망간광석을 이용한 탈황반응 실험결과는 grain model과 two-phase 이론과 잘 일치하였으며, 탈황 결과를 잘 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2002

The photocatalytic degradation of TCE using solar energy in POFR was studied. The use of solar energy was investigated in plastic optica fiber photocatalytic reactor (POFR). In POFR, the main parameters of photocatalytic degradation of TCE were lihgt intensity, thickness of $TiO_2$-coated film on plastic fiber core, the same of total $TiO_2$-coated surface area with changed length. We studied the apparent photonic efficiency and photocatalytic degradation rate of TCE in POFR. The apparent photonic efficiency of various light intensities was decreased by an incresed intensities. The photocatalytic activities of $TiO_2$-coated optical fiber reactor system depended on the coating thickness, and total clad-stripped surface area of POF. Photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene ($C_2HCl_3$, TCE) in the gas-phase was elucidated by using $TiO_2$-coated plastic optical fiber reactor. In TCE degradation, in-situ FTIR measurement resulted in mineralization into $CO_2$.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1338-1346
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• 2005

Effects of thermal contact resistance between heater and susceptor, susceptor and graphite board in a MOCVD reactor on temperature distribution and film growth rate were analyzed. One-dimensional thermal resistance model considering thermal contact resistance and heat transfer area was made up at first to find the temperature drop at the surface of graphite board. This one-dimensional model predicted the temperature drop of 18K at the board surface. Temperature distribution of a reactor wall from the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis including the gap at the wafer position showed the temperature drop of 20K. Film growth rates of InP and GaAs were predicted using computational fluid dynamics technique with chemical reaction model. Temperature distribution from the three-dimensional heat transfer calculation was used as a thermal boundary condition to the film growth rate simulations. Temperature drop due to the thermal contact resistance affected to the GaAs film growth a little but not to the InP film growth.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2019

In order to maximize the utilization of sewage sludge, a waste from wastewater treatment facility, the residual sewage sludge generated after lipid and carbohydrate extraction for biodiesel and bioethanol production was used to produce bio-oil by pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that sludge pyrolysis mainly occurred between 200 and $550^{\circ}C$ (with peaks formed around 337.0 and $379.3^{\circ}C$) with the decomposition of the main components (carbohydrate, lipid, and protein). Bio-oil was produced using a micro-tubing reactor, and its yield (wt%, g-bio-oil/g-residual sewage sludge) increased with an increase in the reaction temperature and time. The maximum bio-oil yield of 33.3% was obtained after pyrolysis at $390^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, where the largest amount of energy was introduced into the reactor to break the bonds of organic compounds in the sludge. The main components of bio-oil were found to be trans-2-pentenoic acid and 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid with the highest selectivity of 28.4% and 12.3%, respectively. The kinetic rate constants indicated that the predominant reaction pathway was sewage sludge to bio-oil ($0.1054min^{-1}$), and subsequently to gas ($0.0541min^{-1}$), rather than the direct conversion of sewage sludge to gas ($0.0318min^{-1}$).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 광촉매담지 실리카담체 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템을 활용하여 악취 가스인 황화수소 및 휘발성유기화합물(VOC)인 에탄올 및 톨루엔이 함유된 폐가스처리를 수행하고, 그 연구결과를 상용 광촉매담지 부직포필터 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템을 활용한 연구결과와 비교 및 평가하였다. 광촉매담지 실리카담체 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템의 경우는 1단계 운전에서 에탄올 및 톨루엔의 제거율은 각각 80% 및 20% 값을 계속 유지하였으나, 에탄올의 제거율은 톨루엔과 다르게 점점 떨어져서 1단계 끝에는 제거율 40% 값을 보였다. 한편 황화수소의 제거율은 100%에서 90%로 감소하였다. 에탄올의 제거율은 2단계 운전에서 10% 값을 보여서 더욱 감소하였으나, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거효율은 처리대상 폐가스의 톨루엔 부하가 4배로 급격히 증가하였음에도 불구하고 제거효율이 각각 90% 및 20% 값을 그대로 유지하였다. 3단계 운전은 알루미늄 코팅된 반사막필름을 광촉매반응기에 사용한 결과로서, 에탄올 및 톨루엔의 제거율은 각각 약 5%가 증가한 15% 및 25%의 제거율을 보였다. 한편 광촉매담지 부직포필터 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템의 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거율은 1단계 운전에서 각각 10%, 97% 및 100% 값을 유지하였다. 그러나 2단계 운전에서 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거율은 각각 5%, 95% 및 2~3% 미만의 제거율을 보여서 에탄올과 황화수소는 제거율이 약간 저하되었으나 톨루엔의 경우에는 완전 제거에서 급락하였다. 또한 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 모든 경우에서 반사막필름의 효과를 전혀 보지 못하였다. 따라서 상용 광촉매담지 부직포필터 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템에서 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거는 부직포필터의 혐수성 VOC에 대한 흡착능에 주로 기인하였고, 광촉매 활성에 의한 제거는 광촉매담지 실리카담체 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템보다 훨씬 미미하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제4권8호
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• pp.861-869
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• 1994

Chemical vapor deposition using titanium tetra isopropoxide(TTIP) was employed to investigate effects of process parameters on the uniformity of $TiO_{2}$this films deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)coated glass. Deposition experiments were carried out at temperatures ranging from $300^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$ under the pressure of 0.5~2 torrin a cold wall reactor which can handle 200mm substrate. It was found that the growth rate of $TiO_{2}$was closely related to the reaction temperature and the ractant gas compositions. Apparent activation energy for the deposition rate was 62.7lkJ/mol in the absence of $O_{2}$ and 100.4kj/mol in the presence of $O_{2}$, respectively. Homogeneous reactions in the gas phase were promoted when the total pressure of the reactor was increased. Variance in the film thickness was less than a few percent, but at high deposition rates film thickness was less uniform. Effects of reaction temperature on $TiO_{2}$ thin film characteristic was investigated with SEM, XRD and AES.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 1995

An experimental research was conducted in order to study the treatability of municipal landfill leachate using a combined physio-chemical and biological treatment. The leachate was obtained from Nanjido landfill site in Seoul. Several sets of bench-scale sequencing batch reactor(SBR) and physic-chemical reactors were used as experimental apparatus. This experiment lasted for about 2 years. The results are as follows: 1. The characteristics of Nanjido landfill leachate were pH 7.4~8.2, BOD 79~450mg/L, COD 998~1460mg/L, $NH_3-N$ 1380~3412mg/L, 7-P 2.6~7.0mg/L, color 890~1992 unit, and heavy metals are a very small amount. 2. Either physio-chemical or biological treatment of Landfill leachate alone did not work well. So for the adequate treatment of leachate, it was necessary to deal with the physio-chemical pretreatment before biological treatment. And it was found that both electrolysis and ozone treatment are better pretreatments of leachate than others. 3. In this study, landfill leachate was effectively processed by two step : first by electrolysis pretreatment, and secondly by SBR treatment. Thus, the study showed considerable substrate removal of raw leachate, even though the rate of COD removal depended on HRT.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.117-117
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• 1995

An experimental research was conducted in order to study the treatability of municipal landfill leachate using a combined physio-chemical and biological treatment. The leachate was obtained from Nanjido landfill site in Seoul. Several sets of bench-scale sequencing batch reactor(SBR) and physic-chemical reactors were used as experimental apparatus. This experiment lasted for about 2 years. The results are as follows: 1. The characteristics of Nanjido landfill leachate were pH 7.4~8.2, BOD 79~450mg/L, COD 998~1460mg/L, $NH_3-N$ 1380~3412mg/L, 7-P 2.6~7.0mg/L, color 890~1992 unit, and heavy metals are a very small amount. 2. Either physio-chemical or biological treatment of Landfill leachate alone did not work well. So for the adequate treatment of leachate, it was necessary to deal with the physio-chemical pretreatment before biological treatment. And it was found that both electrolysis and ozone treatment are better pretreatments of leachate than others. 3. In this study, landfill leachate was effectively processed by two step : first by electrolysis pretreatment, and secondly by SBR treatment. Thus, the study showed considerable substrate removal of raw leachate, even though the rate of COD removal depended on HRT.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2009

Natural gas combustion characteristics of mass produced oxygen carrier particles were investigated in a batch type bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Five particles, NiO/bentonite, OCN601-650, OCN702-1100, OCN703-950, OCN703-1100 were used as oxygen carrier particles. Natural gas and air were used as reactants for reduction and oxidation, respectively. During reduction reaction, high fuel conversion and high $CO_2$ selectivity were achieved for most of oxygen carriers. During oxidation, NO emission was very low. These results indicate that inherent $CO_2$ separation and low NOx combustion are feasible for the natural gas fueled chemical-looping combustion system. Among the five oxygen carriers, OCN703-1100 particle was selected as the best candidate for demonstration of long-term operation in large-scale chemical-looping combustor from the viewpoints of fuel conversion, $CO_2$ selectivity, $CH_4$ concentration, and CO concentration.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2013

Silicon carbide (SiC) materials are typical ceramic materials with a wide range of uses due to their high hardness and strength and oxidation resistance. In particular, due to the corrosion resistance of the material against acids and bases including the chemical resistance against ionic gases such as plasma, the application of SiC has been expanded to extreme environments. In the SiC deposition process, where chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology is used, the reactions between the raw gases containing Si and C sources occur from gas phase to solid phases; thus, the merit of the CVD technology is that it can provide high purity SiC in relatively low temperatures in comparison with other fabrication methods. However, the product yield rarely reaches 50% due to the difficulty in performing uniform and dense deposition. In this study, using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the gas velocity inside the reactor and the concentration change in the gas phase during the SiC CVD manufacturing process are calculated with respect to the gas velocity and rotational speed of the stage where the deposition articles are located.