• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate the phage types(PT) of Salmonella enteritidis(SE) isolated from animals and human patients in Korea during the period 1993-1999. SE were isolated from chickens including the layer and broiler, duck, rat, swine and human patients in nationwide scale. A total of 231 non-human and 14 human SE strains were phage typed and 80.4%(197/245) of SE isolates tested could discriminate as a ten SEPTs including the RDNC by the 10 standard phages, which were brought from the Central Public Health Laboratory in England. In analysing of phage types both animal and human SE isolates, SEPT 4(55.4%) was the most prevalent in domestic animals including the layer(39.3%) and broiler(64.5%), duck(55.5%), and swine(75.0%) since 1993. About 57% of the S enteritidis from human was SEPT 4. Along with SEPT 4, SEPT 1, SEPT 6a, SEPT 7 and SEPT 7a var, SEPT 9b, SEPT 15, SEPT 21b and SEPT 22 were also found from animal and human SE isolates. SEPT 4(40.0%) was isolated from frozen chicken meats imported from China along with SEPT 7 and 7a var strains in this study. In conclusion, SEPT 4 was the most predominant SEPT in our country regardless of animal or human hosts including the Che-Ju island and almost exclusively found in domestic poultry(layer and broiler). During the review period, SEPT 4 has already been spreading continually among the animal hosts since 1993.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.188-200
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• 2016

During recent screening to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in South Korea, a total of 31 bacterial strains assigned to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from a variety of environmental samples including soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, and plant roots. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 31 species have been described in South Korea; therefore 5 species of 3 genera in the order Alteromonadales, 11 species of 3 genera in the order Pseudomonadales, 8 species of 6 genera in the order Enterobacteriales, 2 species of 1 genera in the order Vibrionales, 1 species of 1 genera in the order Oceanospirillales, 3 species of 3 genera in the order Xanthomonadales, and 1 species in the order Spongiibacter_o within the Gammaproteobacteia are reported for proteobacterial species found in South Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

Objectives: In comparison with functional dyspepsia, food accumulation is known to have wider concept. On this study, we will make a proposal on the concept of food accumulation by a statistical comparison between pyungweesan questionnaire and health related questionnaires. Methods: We studied the similarities between six factors of pyungweesan questionnaire and four health related questionnaires(Rome II criteria of functional dyspepsia, subjective symptoms of fatigue test, beck depression inventory, state-trait anxiety inventory, etc.) using multidimensional scaling. Results and Conclusions: 1. Physical-emotional axis and acute-chronic axis were labelled in a two-dimensional scaling solution. 2. Seup-dam(濕痰) factor and sik-che(食滯) factor of food accumulation were closely related to fatigue. 3. Bi-seup(脾濕) factor of food accumulation was closely related to depression and anxiety. 4. The findings suggest that a concept of food accumulation reflects some aspects of physical fatigue and emotional depression as well as dyspepsia.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2009

The surface plasmon resonance ellipsometer (SPRE), using a multiple air injection system with an extraction of air system, has been proposed and developed to minimize measurement error of signals due to diffusion of reagent into running buffer. Since the diffusion of reagent into running buffer affects the refractive index of the running buffer by changing the concentration, characteristics of binding between various bio-molecules don't appear clearly in measurement results. The diffusion between running buffer and reagent can be blocked by using an air bubble injection system. An extraction of air system is used to remove the noise signal due to unnecessary air bubbles flowing in a channel. Reliability of measurement results has been improved by using the valve system.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 2020

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a bioactive lipid in bone, is known as an endogenous ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). Here, we explored the effects of OEA on osteoclast differentiation, function, and survival. While OEA inhibits osteoclast resorptive function by disrupting actin cytoskeleton, it does not affect receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. OEA attenuates osteoclast spreading, blocks actin ring formation, and eventually impairs bone resorption. Mechanistically, OEA inhibits Rac activation in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), but not RANKL. Furthermore, the OEA-mediated cytoskeletal disorganization is abrogated by GPR119 knockdown using small hairpin RNA (shRNA), indicating that GPR119 is pivotal for osteoclast cytoskeletal organization. In addition, OEA induces apoptosis in both control and GPR119 shRNA-transduced osteoclasts, suggesting that GPR119 is not required for osteoclast apoptosis. Collectively, our findings reveal that OEA has inhibitory effects on osteoclast function and survival of mature osteoclasts via GPR119-dependent and GPR119-independent pathways, respectively.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the status of the dementia prevention programs, dementia support centers, and elderly welfare centers in major metropolitan cities to acquire data for future program development and dissemination and the specialization of dementia prevention personnel. Methods: Data were gathered through internet surveys and telephone questionnaires from 15 special demented elderly care centers and elderly welfare centers registered in five metropolitan cities from June 27 to Oct 25, 2016. Results: Dementia care programs were available at 15 centers. Seoul City was running the most diverse dementia programs, and all five cities were spending a significant amount of time on the cognitive therapy program within several dementia programs. In addition, many social workers hosted the program and the frequency of social welfare work was three times a week. Conclusion: To increase the dementia prevention policies' efficiency, an understanding of dementia has already been established. Experts who can provide client-centered, problem-solving programs will play the role of physical therapists and occupational therapists. However, more research is needed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2009

A film colored overlay has been used as an assistive device for dyslexics, Recently, several virtual colored overlays which can be used in computer were developed. But existing virtual overlays have some drawbacks which have limited colors and limited control capability over overlapped window by the overlays. Limited colors may prevent optimum color selection and limited control capability can obstruct to transfer keyboard and mouse operation to the overlapped window. In this paper, we implemented an overlay function which controls an overlapped window under the overlay window by using keyboard hooking and tray icon. We propose a method to determine the source color of a virtual overlays by estimating alpha value of alpha blending algorithm through measurement of the chromaticity and transmissivity of film overlays and implemented all colors which we can produce colors by using Intuitive Overlays. Test results of the developed virtual overlay show that all mentioned drawbacks of existing virtual overlays were eliminated. Therefore we can employ a result of WRRT to use the developed overlays.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2010

The epidemiology of reported food-borne disease (FBD) outbreaks from 2001 to 2008 in Korea nd Japan were compared in this study. The outbreak rate of FBD in Japan was significantly higher although the average umber of patient in each outbreak in Korea was much higher. In both countries, summer was the season when most FBD outbreaks occurred. The comparison study revealed that FBD outbreaks in spring were more frequent in Korea, and outbreaks in winter were more frequent in Japan. Almost half of FBD outbreaks were observed at restaurants in both countries while FBD outbreaks at schools and work-places in Korea were much higher than in Japan. The most frequent cause of bacterial FBDs in Korea was pathogenic Escherichia coli followed by Salmonella species. On the other hand, Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequent source of bacterial FBDs in Japan. Norovirus, which is elated to uncontrolled hand hygiene and involvement of ill food workers, was the main cause of viral FBDs in both countries. In conclusion, there are common epidemiological characteristics as well as several differences in FBD outbreaks of Korea and Japan. These are suggested to be originated from the characteristic of climate, food sources, and life styles in two countries. Establishment of stricter control and surveillance system for FBD outbreaks are required or prevention and reduction of FBD outbreaks in both countries.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

Background: The findings of currently available studies are not consistent with regard to the association between the risk of cancer and ginseng consumption. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this association by conducting a meta-analysis of different studies. Methods: To systematically evaluate the effect of ginseng consumption on cancer incidence, six databases were searched, including PubMed, Ovid Technologies, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese VIP Information, from 1990 to 2014. Statistical analyses based on the protocol employed for a systematic review were conducted to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We identified nine studies, including five cohort studies, three case-control studies, and one randomized controlled trial, evaluating the association between ginseng consumption and cancer risk; these studies involved 7,436 cases and 334,544 participants. The data from the meta-analysis indicated a significant 16% lower risk of developing cancer in patients who consumed ginseng (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.92), with evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.0007, $I^2$ = 70%). Stratified analyses suggested that the significant heterogeneity may result from the incidence data for gastric cancer that were included in this study. Publication bias also showed the same result as the stratified analyses. In addition, subgroup analyses for four specific types of cancer (colorectal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer) were also performed. The summary RRs for ginseng intake versus no ginseng consumption were 0.77 for lung cancer, 0.83 for gastric cancer, 0.81 for liver cancer, and 0.77 for colorectal cancer. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that ginseng consumption is associated with a significantly decreased risk of cancer and that the effect is not organ specific.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.346-361
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• 2020

In the project of a comprehensive investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 39 bacterial strains phylogenetically belonging to the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from various environmental sources such as soil, cultivated soil, sludge, seawater, marine sediment, algae, human, tree, moss, tidal flat, beach sand and lagoon. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that 39 strains showed the high sequence similarities (≥98.7%) to the closest type strains and formed robust phylogenetic clades with closely related species in the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. In the present study, we report 14 species of 9 genera of four families of two orders in the class Betaproteobacteria and 25 species of 21 genera of 15 families of eight orders in the class Gammaproteobacteria, which have not been reported in Korea. Morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, isolation sources, and NIBR deposit numbers are described in the species descriptions.