• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.578-585
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• 2000

Geometrical characteristics of fresh red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were measured and indexed to define some important geometrical characteristics, and malformation of body and fruit stalk which are necessary for the design of the equipments for cutting, spreading and alignment of red pepper in developing a fruit stalk remover of fresh red pepper. The effects of bending of body and fruit stalk on the equipments of cutting, spreading and alignment were studied. The maximum lengths of some parts of fresh red pepper were found to be 180 mm, 125 mm, 144 mm, 67 mm and 76 mm for the body, the bent part of body, the fruit stalk, the bent part and the straight part of fruit stalk, respectively. The fresh red pepper with bending indices more than 0.4 and 0.3 for the body and the fruit stalk, respectively, was defined to be malformed based on the result of cutting rate using cutting unit; while the other ones to be normal in shape. Based on this, among the total fresh red peppers tested, 47%, 40% and 20% were found malformed for the body, the fruit stalk, and for both of the body and the fruit stalk. Malformed red peppers were poorer in spreading and alignment than normal ones, and the processed quantity was decreased with increased feed rate. The required time for the malformed peppers to pass on the alignment plate inclined at 30 increased rapidly at 8.3 Hz with increased feed rate. For the fresh red peppers with average moisture content of 85%,w.b., the maximum tensile strength between fruit stalk and body was 88.1 N; the maximum cutting resistances were 92.1 N and 94.9 N for the fruit stalk-calyx joint and body, respectively. Average coefficients of static friction were 0.99, 0.62, 0.59 and OJ, respectively, for the surfaces of rubber, galvanized iron, acryl and plywood.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 1981

Nutritional characteristics of mycelial growth and fruit-body formation of Flammulina velutipes in synthetic media were investigated. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Among sugar substances, mannitol gave rapid mycelial growth and formation of fruit-body with higher yield, and among organic acids only succinic acid showed the fruit-body but poorly. Ethyl alcohol and glycerol comparatively promoted the formation of the fruit-body with higher yield. 2. Among nitrogen sources, peptone resulted in rapid mycelial growth and fruit-body formation with higher yield. and among amino acids glycine gave fast fruit-body formation with higher yield. However. nitrite nitrogen, lysine and methionine showed no mycelial growth at all. 3. The concentration of substances tended to affect the fruit-body formation and yield. Lower concentration of mannitol and peptone prompted fruit-body formation but with low yields, and higher concentration delayed the fruit-body formation with increased yields.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.363-366
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• 2014

This study was focused on finding a relationship between fruit-body growth and relative humidity in Neolentinus lepideus cultivation. The higher the relative humidity, the moisture content of pileus and stipe were also tends to be increased. The day of formation of primordia and development of fruit body was shortest at the relative humidity 95%. The yield and commercial yield were higher in the relative humidity 95% than in the other treatment. Individual weight of fruit body was the highest at the relative humidity 75% and 85%. Crack indices of pileus was the strongest at the relative humidity 65%.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2016

In this study, we observed differences in the fruit body genesis in with seasonal changes. The mushrooms generated different spines even when under same environmental conditions in equivalent growth chambers during different seasons. The growth chamber conditions were set at $18^{\circ}$, 1000 ppm CO and 95% humidity for uniform primordium formation. Following this, the humidity was reduced to 85% during growth and development. The characteristics of the fruit body were measured: yield (weight), length (size), hardness, and chromaticity. Each measure was relatively compared owing standard data for. We investigated the environmental factors to assess the cause of variation in fruit body. Change in temperature and humidity were especially focused on, apart from climate that can affect mushroom growth. It was observed that temperature and humidity both influence fruit body growth. Not the absolute value of the elevation, there was a change of climate which the temperature is lowered and lowered the humidity can be assumed that the changes in the environmental conditions inside the growth chamber the mushroom growth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2013

New Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) strain "Chunbaegko" was bred by Di-mon method. Bed-log cultivation of "Chunbaegko" was performed. Fruit-body production of "Chunbaegko" was most at spring and autumn. Optimal temperature of fruit-body formation was $14{\sim}22^{\circ}C$ Baegwhako, the best quality fruit-body, is produced during spring. The diameter of pileus is ca. 52 mm. The total amount of fruit-body production during 4 years(one generation) was 140 $kg/m^3$ log.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2013

New shiitake (Lentinula edodes) strain "soohyangko" was bred for bed-log cultivation. Fruit-body production of "soohyangko" was most at summer and autumn. The fruit-body is hemispherical shape, brown colored and diameter of pileus is ca. 56 mm. Optimum temperature of fruit-body formation was $18{\sim}28^{\circ}$, and the fruiting is concentrated. The total amount of fruit-body production during 4 years (one generation) was $140kg/m^3$ log.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2010

New shiitake(Lentinula edodes) strain "Sanlim No. 7" was produced by Di-mon hybridization method. Bed-log cultivation of Sanlim No. 7 was performed. Fruit-body production was most at autumn and it is suitable to use as fresh shiitake rather than dried one. The fruit body is hemispherical shape, brown coloured and diameter of pileus is ca. 47 mm. Row of gill is straight, and its width is narrow. Optimum temperature of fruit-body formation was $11{\sim}23^{\circ}C$, and the fruiting is sporadic. The total amount of fruit-body production during 4 years(one generation) was ca. 1.4 kg/log.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2014

We bred a new strain of Pleurotus eryngii having few number of fruit body per bottle. It's name is 'Saegonji' and it was bred by mating monokaryotic strain isolated from E12-176 and monokaryotic strain 'aerini No.3' in Mushroom Research Institute, Gyonggi province A.R.E.S. The characteristics of a new strain 'Saegonji' are as follows. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was from 23 to $26^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium and those for the primodium formation and the growth of fruit body were about $15^{\circ}C$. The period from spawn innoculation to harvesting required around 51 days at $20^{\circ}C$. The number of fruit body per bottle was 12.8 and it was 9.3 less than 'Keunneutari No.2'. The length was 135.8 mm. It was longer than 'Keunneutari No.2', The color of cap was white grey, while that of 'Keunneutari No.2' was grey. The yield was about 159 g per bottle(1100cc) and it was same as Keunneutari No.2.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

A edible mushroom, Clitocybe maxima (Lentinus giganteusis) commercially cultivated in China and Taiwan. However, the researches of cultivation and cultural characteristics were not reported in Korea. In this study, we conducted on cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation of C. maxima. Six isolates were collected from China(3 isolates, commercial strain), Taiwan(1 isolate, commercial strain) and Korea(2 isolates, wild type). C. maxima and L. giganteus collected in China and Taiwan, respectively, are the same in China and are estimated to be of the same species as cultured characteristics. The mycelial growth of the collected strains was not significantly different in agar medium but it showed the best growth in YPMG in liquid culture. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth and induction of fruit body were 25℃ and 30℃, respectively. In order to artificial cultivation of C. maxima, cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation were carried out using agricultural by-products and forestry by-products materials. Mycelial growth was suitable in rice straw, cottonwood sawdust, corncob and rice seed medium, and it was selected as a cultivation medium. The suitable medium for artificial cultivation of C. maxima was selected to mixed medium 2(compounding ratio(v/v): 55% of hardwood sawdust, 5% of cottonseed pellets, 10% of cottonseed, 15% of beet pulp, 15% of swollen rice husks). It took about 30 days to be able to harvest, it was faster than oyster mushrooms. The cultivation period was about 30days. A isolate, CMA-002 was not initiation to fruit body primordiuma on the used cultivation substrate. Other 5 isolates were initiate and development to fruit body on the substrate used in this study. The strain CMA-003 was initiated to be fruiting body by 8~10 days after induction of fruiting body in all of the substrates. Isolate CMA-003 was generate to a bundle fruit body. Other isolates, however, were form fruit body individually. The CMA-003 strain was likely highly recommendable strains for farming. The optimum conditions for the induction and growth of C. maxima fruit body were 25~30℃, 8 hr illumination per day with white fluorescent lamp, 90~95% relative humidity, and 1,500 ppm of CO₂ concentration in a cultivation room.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 1975

Since the importance of casing in fruit body formation of Agaricus bisporus has been emphasized, physico-chemical characteristics of casing materials were discussed by many workers and a mixture of peat and mineral soil as proper casing material has been adopted in many of mushroom growing countries. Because of limited resources of peat in Korea, it is necessary to find practical performance and substitutional materials for casing. The effect of casing on mycelial growth and mushroom yield of A. bisporus varied with materials, its combination and practices etc. The experiments to be discussed in this paper are concerned with pH and Ca of casing material which influence A bisporus, and changes of physico-chemical characteristics with mixing ratio of casing materials and its effect on A. bisporus. The optimum range of moisture content of each material, management of watering and application of physico-chemical characteristics casing materials was also investigated and re-use of weathered spent compost for casing material was described. 1. The effect of calcium on mycelial growth of A. bisporus at various pH in Halbschalentest showed different results with calcium sources. Best results were obtained around neutrality and fresh weight of fruit bodies grown in the range of pH 7 to 8 was highest among the tested levels. 2. Available moisture, pore space, organic matter, cation exchangeable capacity and exchangeable cation was increased by an increase of mixing ratio of peat in casing materials, while an adverse effect was obtained by addition of sand. 3. Mycelial growth on clay loam was more rapid at a lower bulk density of 0.75g/cc and at 20% moisture content on a dry weight basis at the same bulk density. 4. Mixing ratio of casing materials, 60 to 80 per cent by volume of peat mixed with 20 to 40 per cent of clay loam produced the highest yield of fresh fruit bodies and sand the lowest. However, per cent of open cap was highest in peat and lowest in sand. 5. Days required for fruit body initiation was shortened in mixtures of peat and clay loam by one to three days compared with other materials and the formation of flushes was clear. 6. The effect of some physico-chemical characteristics of casing materials on the fresh weight of fruit bodies were estimated by a multiple regression equation; Y=-923.86+$8.18X_1+8.04X_2+7.90X_3+0.12X_4+2.03X_5-0.82X_6-0.54X_7$ where $X_1,X_2,X_3,X_4,X_5,X_6,X_7$ are sand, silt, clay, available moistuer, porosity, organic matter and exchangeable cation respectively. The productivity of certain casing material could be predicted from this equation. 7. Fresh weight of fruit bodies was positively correlated with porosity exchangeable cation, organic matter, available moisture, silt and clay of materials; while sand was negatively correlated. On the contrary, sand was the unique factor reducing per cent of open cap. 8. Distribution of three phases of high productive casing material was concentrated in the range of 10 to 30 per cent solids, 15 to 30 per cent liquids, and 50 to 60 per cent in air volume. 9. Fresh weight of fruit bodies from peat was not affected with heavy watering but in clay loam and sandy loam severe crop losses occurred. Fresh weight of individual fruit was increased and open caps were decreased with heavy watering but light watering resulted in adverse effects: its effect was especially great in peat. 10. Optimum range of moisture content by weight on a dry basis was different with each casing material. To maintain optimum moisture content concerned with yield of fruit bodies and open cap, sandy loam and peat mixtures required daily watering of 0.6, 0.6 to 1. 2 and 1.2 to 2.4 liters per $3.3m^2$ of bed area, respectively. 11. Maximum yield of fruit body was recorded in the range of pF 2. 0 to 2. 5 of casing materials if organic matter content was below 4.2 per cent and in pF 1. 3 to 1.8 if above 7.1%. 12. pF curve of a certain casing material could be draws from moisture content at various pF values by multiple regression equations provided texture, organic matter and calcium of the casing material are given. Optimum moisture range of the casing materials also could be estimated by the equation. 13. It was possible to improve the phyico-chemical characteristics of clay loam and sandy loam by addition of weathered spent compost although the effect was less than in the case of peat. Fresh weight of fruit bodies wsa increased by addition of weathered spent compost but its effect was not as remarkable as peat. Accordingly, further studies will be required.