• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 1999

마산만은 인근도시로부터 산업폐수와 생활오수가 유입되어 매우 오염된 지역이다. 오염된 퇴적환경에 대한 저서성 유공충의 반응을 파악하기 위하여 9정점의 표층퇴적물에서 지화학 및 유공충 분석을 하였다. 마산만은 경기만과 대산해역에 비하여 높은 중금속 함량을 나타내며 세계 평균세일의 중금속 함량과 비교하여도 Zn, Cd, Pb, As의 함량이 높아 이 지역의 퇴적물이 산업폐수에 의하여 오염된 것을 지시한다. 마산만의 퇴적물에 분포하는 저서성 유공충의 반응은 마산만이 오염된 것을 나타낸다. 마산만에 분포하는 저서성 유공충의 종의 수와 다양성은 가덕수로에 비해 크게 감소한다. 마산만에서는 사질 유공충이 우세하며 유공충 외각에서는 황철반점이 발견된다. 오염된 마산만에서 우세하게 나타나는 Eggerella advena와 Trochammina pacifica는 이 지역에 높은 적응력을 가진 기회종이다. 이러한 자료들은 이 지역의 미래 환경변화를 평가할 수 있는 기준선이 될 것이다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1997

인천 연안역을 중심으로 1994년 5월에서 1995년 2월까지의 4계절에 걸쳐 저서동물군집을 조사하고 저서동물의 종 조성에 따른 시 공간적 분포 양상을 파악하며, 생물분포에 관여한 다양한 환경요인의 측정과 함께 해양환경을 평가하였다. 조사결과 총 231종, 평균 455개체/$m^2$의 저서동물이 채집되었고, 이 중 주요 우점종은 다모류의 Heteromastus sp., Sternaspis scutata, Chaetozone setosa, Mediomastus sp., Glycinde sp., Glycera sp.와 Nephtys oligobranchia 등이었으며 조사시기별과 해역별로 커다란 차이가 있었다. 종 조성에 따른 공간적 유사성에 있어선 크게 4개의 정점군으로 대별되어 팔미도 외해역(I), 주 수로역과 시화방조제 부근 해역(II), 영종도 북동쪽 해역(III), 인천항과 소래 입구역(IV)으로 나뉘어 졌다. 이러한 구분은 저서동물의 분포에 일반적으로 영향을 주는 퇴적물의 입도 뿐만 아니라 중금속 농도 및 용존산소의 차이 등과 오염의 정도에 따라 나타나는 다모류와 연체동물의 출현비의 증가, 갑각류의 Phoxocephaiidae의 출현여부, 오염지시종의 증가 등은 정점군 I에서 정점군 IV로 갈수록 오염되어졌음을 잘 반영하고 있다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.348-348
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• 2011

Carbon nanotube (CNT) field effect transistors and sensors use CNT as a current channel, of which the resistance varies with the gate voltage or upon molecule adsorption. Since the performance of CNT devices depends very much on the CNT/metal contact resistance, the CNT/electrode contact must be stable and the contact resistance must be small. Depending on the geometry of CNT/electrode contact, it can be categorized into the end-contact, embedded-contact (top-contact), and side-contact (bottom-contact). Because of difficulties in the sample preparation, the end-contact CNT device is seldom practiced. The embedded-contact in which CNT is embedded inside the electrode is desirable due to its rigidness and the low contact resistance. Fabrication of this structure is complicated, however, because each CNT has to be located under a high-resolution microscope and then the electrode is patterned by electron beam lithography. The side-contact is done by depositing CNT electrophoretically or by precipitating on the patterned electrode. Although this contact is fragile and the contact resistance is relatively high, the side-contact by far has been widely practiced because of its simple fabrication process. Here we introduce a simple method to embed CNT inside the electrode while taking advantage of the bottom-contact process. The idea is to utilize a eutectic material as an electrode, which melts at low temperature so that CNT is not damaged while annealing to melt the electrode to embed CNT. The lowering of CNT/Au contact resistance upon annealing at mild temperature has been reported, but the electrode in these studies did not melt and CNT laid on the surface of electrode even after annealing. In our experiment, we used a eutectic Au/Al film that melts at 250$^{\circ}C$. After depositing CNT on the electrode made of an Au/Al thin film, we annealed the sample at 250$^{\circ}C$ in air to induce eutectic melting. As a result, Au-Al alloy grains formed, under which the CNT was embedded to produce a rigid and low resistance contact. The embedded CNT contact was as strong as to tolerate the ultrasonic agitation for 90 s and the current-voltage measurement indicated that the contact resistance was lowered by a factor of 4. By performing standard fabrication process on this CNT-deposited substrate to add another pair of electrodes bridged by CNT in perpendicular direction, we could fabricate a CNT cross junction. Finally, we could conclude that the eutectic alloy electrode is valid for CNT sensors by examine the detection of Au ion which is spontaneously reduced to CNT surface. The device sustatined strong washing process and maintained its detection ability.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 1999

일반적으로 FET형 전해질 이온 센서는 유리전극에 비하여 여러 가지 장점을 가지고 있으나 드리프트 및 기억효과가 있고 재현성이 부족한 단점을 가지고있어 이온 측정 시스템에 적용한 경우 전체적인 시스템의 신뢰성 저하를 가져온다. 이러한 점을 개선하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 8개의 동종 FET형 전해질 이온 센서 어레이를 사용하여 높은 신뢰성을 가지며 4종류의 이온($H^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$) 농도 측정이 가능한 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 측정 시스템은 전자식 스위치를 사용하여 단일의 신호 검출회로로 8개의 센서 신호를 검출하는 방법을 채택하였다. 또한 8개의 센서 신호를 삽입 정렬을 하여 신뢰성이 낮은 센서를 제외시키는 신호 처리 알고리즘을 개발하여 신뢰성을 향상시켰다. 제작된 시스템으로 3종류의 이온($H^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$) 농도를 측정한 결과 개발된 신호처리 알고리즘은 여러 개의 센서 신호를 단순히 산술 평균을 취하는 방식에 비하여 오차의 범위를 더욱 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 기존의 단채널 방식의 전해질 이온 측정 시스템과 비교해볼 때 우수한 신뢰성을 가짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2013

제2형 당뇨질환모델인 KK-$A^y$를 이용하여 녹차와 발효녹차의 항당뇨 활성을 측정한 결과, 발효 녹차는 비발효녹차에 비해 높은 항당뇨 활성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 발효녹차 섭취군의 혈당은 당뇨 대조군보다 낮게 유지되었으며, 60일 이후에는 시판 건강기능식품 섭취군(양성대조군)과 유사한 수준으로 유지되었을 뿐만 아니라 당화혈색소값도 8.08%로 대조군 및 양성대조군 군보다 낮게 나타났다. 간 조직의 DNA microarray 분석결과, 이러한 발효녹차의 항당뇨 활성은 glycolysis 활성화를 통한 glucose 이용율 및 베타세포 function 증가에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 발효녹차는 혈중 triglyceride 수치를 낮추고 HDL-cholesterol 수치를 높이는 등 당뇨로 인해 발생할 수 있는 지질대사이상 개선에도 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이로 미루어 보아 발효녹차는 항당뇨 관련 건강기능식품으로의 상업적 이용가능성이 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.254-265
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• 2017

This study examines the possibility of a neuro-scientific approach to fashion Visual Merchandising (VM), by researching the brain activation of customers about fashion stores in terms of VM. Study subjects were in 20's-30's residing in Busan and ten ordinary person or fashion industry related individuals, it measures the change of cerebral blood flow on positive/negative photo stimulus in terms of VM using a functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, and then compared the brain activation to the difference of the fashion store VM. Photo stimuli utilized in the experiment were selected through a preliminary study in advance. The results of this study are as follows. First, the brain activation was found in all 16 channels of stimulus ranges of fashion store VM regardless of positive/negative stimulus. This means that the VM of fashion store causes changes to the cerebral blood flow of consumers, which implies that consumer behavior can be affected by store VM. It also shows that the brain is more active in negative VM stimulus than positive VM despite slight differences in the subjects. In terms of VM, this suggests that the negative factors of fashion stores have a greater effect on the brains of consumers compared to the positive factors. Second, the reaction of the brain channel is different according to the positive/negative VM stimulus of the fashion store by product group and confirms that positive/negative VM stimulus can be distinguished by brain-reaction for the three product groups except for the underwear group among four product groups (men's wear store, women's wear store, underwear store, and sportswear store). The results indicate that more objective scientific measure and decision-making are possible through neuro-science in the strategic execution of VM. This study verified the possibility for a neuro-scientific approach to fashion VM; therefore, there are expectations for the various activation of interdisciplinary research and subsequent development of VM that utilize neuroscience in fashion marketing.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2011

Objectives: Brain edema is brain swelling that occurs due to the accumulation of excess water in the brain parenchyma. AQP4 and AQP9 are water-channel proteins expressed strongly in the brain and control water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang on brain edema and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by intrastriatal injection of type IV collagenase(0.23 U/${\mu}l$, 0.1 ${\mu}l$/min) into Sprague-Dawley rat brains. Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang water extract(1,000 mg/kg) was administered orally three times every 20 hours from 4 hours after ICH operation. Then hematoma volume, brain edema percentage, and water content of brain tissue were measured. Immuno-histochemistry was performed for AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analyzing system. Results: 1. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced hematoma volume of ICH induced rat. 2. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced MPO positive neutrophils in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 3. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced brain edema percentage and water content of brain tissue of ICH induced rat. 4. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP4 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. 5. Water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang reduced AQP9 immuno-positive cells in the perihematoma of the ICH induced rat. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang decreases intracerebral hemorrhage and brain edema by means of downregulating AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in the brain.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of the Oriental medical treatment using He-Ne laser with low energy intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood(ILIB) through the superficial venules. Methods : The investigation of details connected with the superficial venules in the literature is performed. The investigation of details connected with the pricking blood techniques through the superficial venules in the literature is performed. The classification of the pricking blood techniques through the superficial venules by the blood-letting puncture methods in the literature is performed. The arrangement of domestic clinical treatises on the effectiveness of medical treatment using He-Ne laser with low energy ILIB through the superficial venules is performed. The consideration on the methodology for the improvement of the clinical effectiveness of He-Ne laser with low energy ILIB through superficial venules is performed. Results and Conclusions : The superficial venules are small arteries, veins and capillaries in the superficial region of the human body. In the pricking blood techniques, there are the blood-letting puncture using the implement of acupuncture to the Jing points, Extra points and superficial blood vessels and the acupuncture using the Hirudo. The methods of the blood-letting puncture are classified into the venous blood-letting puncture, the pricking , the picking out white fiber-like substances from the subcutaneous tissue, the cluster needling, the scattered needling, the blood-letting puncture of the tready collateral branch of the large channel and the blood-letting puncture of skin. The He-Ne laser with low energy ILIB through the superficial venules belongs to the Oriental medical treatment as the method of the blood-letting puncture in the vein of cubital fossa. The He-Ne laser with low energy ILIB has an effect on hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperlipidemia, speech and motor dysfunction in the case of cerebral infarction, headache, dizziness, pain and numbness. It is considered that fundamental research on the biological change of the human body, the experimental animal and the unicellular animal, and research on the effectiveness and the safety, and the development of He-Ne laser with low energy ILIB of an effective wavelength range are necessary.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제66권
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• pp.28-58
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• 2014

2010년 말의 종편 승인 결정에서 현재 시점에 이르기까지 한국 방송산업은 상당 수준의 구조적 변동을 겪고 있다. 그 가운데 가장 특징적인 모습 하나는 단단한 수직결합 체계를 통해 국내 방송영상산업에서 강력한 콘텐츠 지배력을 유지해오던 지상파 제작 단위로부터 핵심 인력이 대규모로 유출되고 있는 현상일 것이다. 이 연구는 이와 같은 제작자 엑서더스 현상의 배후로서, 상업적 거대 미디어기업을 통해 방송부문에서 시장논리를 확대하려는 목적의식적 제도설계의 존재를 지목하고, 이와 같은 외부 요인이 방송산업 내부의 다양한 요인들과 맞물려 어떠한 양상을 빚어내고 있는지를 분석한다. 그 결과, 지상파 잔류보다는 이탈이 개인적 사회적 보상 차원에서 더 다양하고 더 큰 긍정유인을 제공한다고 본 제작자들 나름의 합리적 선택을 매개로 현재와 같은 대규모 이탈이 발생되었음을 확인하게 된다. 그러나 일부 복합 미디어 기업을 통해 진행되고 있는 이러한 창의성 재배치 과정이, 장기적으로 제작자들에게 더 많은 기회와 가능성을 보장하는 방향으로 귀결될지에 대해서는 다양한 의문이 제기된다. 이에 이 연구는 현재의 제도적 설계에 내재한 문제점을 지적하고, 이를 개선하기 위한 노력을 촉구한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.697-703
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• 2002

We investigated that the role of nitric oxide (NO) on ischemic rats in brain and heart. Ischemia was induced by both common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion for 24h following reperfusion. Then tissue samples were removed and measured NOx. In brain, NOx was increased by about 40% vs. normal and it was significantly inhibited by aminoguanidine, selective iNOS inhibitor. This result showed that NOx concentration was increased by iNOS. We investigated the role of $Ca^{2+}$ during ischemia. Nimodipine, L-type calcium channel blocker, didn't inhibit the increases of NOx concentration during ischemia. It suggested that increased NOx was due to calcium-independent NOS. MK-801, which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, didn't significantly prevent the increases of NOx. In heart, ischemia caused NOx decrease and it is inconsistent with NOx increase in brain. Aminoguanidine and nimodipine didnt affect on NOx decrease. But MK-801 more lowered NOx concentration than those of ischemia control group. It seemed that $Ca^{2+}$ influx in heart partially occurred via NMDA receptor and inhibited by NMDA receptor antagonist. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in ischemic rats after 24h of CCA occlusion was decreased when compared to normal value, whereas the heart rates (HR) was not different between two groups. Aminoguanidine or MK801 had no effect on MAP or HR, but nimodipine reduced MAP. There was no difference the effects of aminoguanidine, nimodipine, or MK-801, on MAP and HR between normal rats and ischemic rats. In summary, ischemic model caused an increase of NOx concentration, suggesting that this may be produced via iNOS, which is calcium independent in brain. However in heart, ischemia decreased NOx concentration and NMDA receptor was partially involved. The basal MAP was decreased in ischemic rats but HR was not different from normal control, suggesting that increased NOx in brain of ischemic rat may result in the hypotension.