• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.spc
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2022

Post-spill monitoring of hazardous noxious substances accidents is essential in the event of a spillage of significant quantities of pollutants and for the management of the marine environment resulting from the long-term effects of the persistent toxic substances. The accidental introduction of a sinker into the marine environment can create harmful anaerobic conditions in the benthic ecosystem and spread over the seafloor by the topography and currents. Through case studies, most post-spill monitoring includes modeling, remote sensing, and chemical analyses of the sediment and benthic organisms. The monitoring also evaluates the effectiveness of restoration and recovery activities and assesses damages and compensation.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the level of human rights sensitivity of occupational therapists and compare the differences in the level of human rights sensitivity between variables to provide a basis for awareness, human rights behavior, and the development of human rights education programs. Methods : A questionnaire consisting of general characteristics and 10 human rights susceptibility episodes was distributed, and 131 copies were analyzed. Results : The average score for human rights sensitivity was 58.75 for male and 55.44 for female therapists. As for the difference in human rights sensitivity by episode by sex, statistically significant differences were found in the right to avoid illegal arrest and restriction and the right to freedom from imprisonment. In addition, as a result of differences in changes in human rights sensitivity by subcategory, there was a statistically significant difference between males and females in the perception of responsibility. In the case of males, the average score for perception of responsibility was the highest, and in the case of females, the average score for perception of the situation was the highest. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to strengthen the content of educational programs in clinical settings to improve human rights consciousness and behavior.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.899-914
• /
• 2023

Various seeding materials for cloud seeding are being used, and sodium chloride powder is one of them, which is commonly used. This study analyzed the experimental results of multi-aircraft cloud seeding in connection with Republic of Korea Air Force (CN235) and KMA/NIMS(Korea Meteorological Administration/National Institute of Meteorological Sciences) Atmospheric Research Aircraft. Powdered sodium chloride was used in CN235 for the first time in South Korea. The analysis of the cloud particle size distributions and radar reflectivity before and after cloud seeding showed that the growth efficiency of powdery seeding material in the cloud is slightly higher than that of hygroscopic flare composition in the distribution of number concentrations by cloud aerosol particle diameter (10 ~ 1000 ㎛). Considering the radar reflectivity, precipitation, and numerical model simulation, the enhanced precipitation due to cloud seeding was calculated to be a maximum of 3.7 mm for 6 hours. The simulated seeding effect area was about 3,695 km², which corresponds to 13,634,550 tons of water. In the precipitation component analysis, as a direct verification method, the ion equivalent concentrations (Na⁺, Cl^-, Ca²⁺) of the seeding material at the Bukgangneung site were found to be about 1000 times higher than those of other non-affected areas between about 1 and 2 hours after seeding. This study suggests the possibility of continuous multi-aircraft cloud seeding experiments to accumulate and increase the amount of precipitation enhancement.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2024

This study aims to develop a three-sentence speech screening test to evaluate speech development in 4-year-old children and provide standards for comparison with peers. Screening tests were conducted on 24 children each in the first and second halves of 4 years old. The screening test results showed a correlation of .7 with the existing speech disorder evaluation test results. We compared whether there was a difference between the two groups of 4-year-old in the phonological development indicators and error patterns obtained through the screening test. The developmental indicators of the children in the second half were high, but there were no statistically significant differences. The Korean Speech Sound Analysis Tool (KSAT) was used for all analyses, and the automatic analysis results and contents of the clinician's manual analysis were compared. The degree of agreement between the automatic and manual error pattern analyses was 93.63%. The significance of this study is that the standard of speech of a 4-year-old child of the speech screening test according to three sentences at the level of elicited sentences, and the applicability of the KSAT were reviewed in both clinical and research fields.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.203-216
• /
• 2024

The National Institute of Meteorological Sciences in Korea has developed the Weather Modification Hybrid Rocket (WMHR), an advanced system that offers enhanced stability and cost-effectiveness over conventional solid-fuel rockets. Designed for precise operation, the WMHR enables accurate control over the ejection altitude of pyrotechnics by modulating the quantity of oxidizer, facilitating specific cloud seeding at various atmospheric layers. Furthermore, the rate of descent for pyrotechnic devices can be adjusted by modifying parachute sizes, allowing for controlled dispersion time and concentration of seeding agents. The rocket's configuration also supports adjustments in the pyrotechnic device's capacity, permitting tailored seeding agent deployment. This innovation reflects significant technical progression and collaborations with local manufacturers, in addition to efforts to secure testing sites and address hybrid rocket production challenges. Notable outcomes of this project include the creation of a national framework for weather modification technology utilizing hybrid rockets, enhanced cloud seeding methods, and the potential for broader meteorological application of hybrid rockets beyond precipitation augmentation. An illustrative case study confirmed the WMHR's operational effectiveness, although the impact on cloud seeding was limited by unfavorable weather conditions. This experience has provided valuable insights and affirmed the system's potential for varied uses, such as weather modification and deploying high-altitude meteorological sensors. Nevertheless, the expansion of civilian weather rocket experiments in Korea faces challenges due to inadequate infrastructure and regulatory limitations, underscoring the urgent need for advancements in these areas.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2005

Purpose : We compared the therapeutic efficacy of lamivudine and alpha-interferon in children with chronic hepatitis B two years after the initiation of treatment, so that we could verify the safety and long term efficacy of lamivudine in children. Methods : We prospectively studied 44 children(32 male and 12 female; age, 1-18 years, mean, 9 years) treated for chronic hepatitis B from September 1996 to June 2004 in Kyungpook National University Hospital in Korea. Twenty three children were treated with interferon, and 21 with lamivudine. Treatment efficacy was defined as the normalization of ALT and hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels, loss of HBsAg and HBeAg seroconversion at two years after the initiation of treatment. Results : Among the 23 children treated with interferon, the ALT level normalized in 10 children(43 %) and HBV DNA was undetectable in 12 children(52%). HBsAg was undetectable in one child (4 %) and HBeAg seroconversion occurred in nine children(39%) two years after the initiation of treatment. In comparison, among the 21 children treated with lamivudine, ALT normalized in 20 children (95%), HBV DNA in 19(90%), HBsAg in 5(24%), and HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 13(62%). Above all, in the lamivudine treated group under the age of seven, HBeAg and HBsAg seroconversion occurred in six(75%) and five(63%) out of the eight children respectively, which showed superior HBsAg seroconversion rate if treated in preschool aged children. Conclusion : We believe that the therapeutic efficacy of lamivudine in children with chronic hepatitis B could be better than interferon with fewer side effects, especially in preschool aged children.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2016

Purpose : To quantify the inter-fractional variation in prostate displacement and their dosimetric effects for prostate cancer treatment. Materials and Methods : A total of 176 daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) sets acquired for 6 prostate cancer patients treated with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, the planning CT (pCT) was registered to each daily CBCT by aligning the bony anatomy. The prostate, rectum, and bladder were delineated on daily CBCT, and the contours of these organs in the pCT were copied to the daily CBCT. The concordance of prostate displacement, deformation, and size variation between pCT and daily CBCT was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results : The mean volume of prostate was 37.2 cm3 in the initial pCT, and the variation was around ${\pm}5%$ during the entire course of treatment for all patients. The mean DSC was 89.9%, ranging from 70% to 100% for prostate displacement. Although the volume change of bladder and rectum per treatment fraction did not show any correlation with the value of DSC (r=-0.084, p=0.268 and r=-0.162, p=0.032, respectively), a decrease in the DSC value was observed with increasing volume change of the bladder and rectum (r=-0.230,p=0.049 and r=-0.240,p=0.020, respectively). Conclusion : Consistency of the volume of the bladder and rectum cannot guarantee the accuracy of the treatment. Our results suggest that patient setup with the registration between the pCT and daily CBCT should be considered aligning soft tissue.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 1996

To get the basic data for organic farming, the Chinese cabbage(Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) was cultivated in field of sandy loam soil and compost was applied at the ratios of 0, 20, 40, 80, 120ton per ha, respectively, with N-P-K elements. The yield of Chinese cabbage was maximum in the plot of compost 40t/ha application and it's weight was 3,783g/head. The chemical components of Chinese cabbage were no remarkable changes with the increasing amount of compost application. Content of organic matter in soil after experiment was finished was 39g/kg, total nitrogen was 2.2g/kg, available phosphorus was 1,927mg /kg. CEC was $11.4cmol^+/kg$, exchangable cations were K:0.5. Ca:0.6. Mg:0.3 and $Na:0.2cmol^+/kg$ in treatment of compost 120 t/ha.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.1094-1104
• /
• 1997

Background : Spontaneous pneumothoraces(SP) are divided into primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (PSP) which develop in healthy individuals without underlying pulmonary disorders and secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces(SSP) which occur in those who have underlying disorders such as tuberculosis or chronic obstructive lung diseases. Yet there is no established standard therapeutic approach to this disorder, i.e., from the spectrum of noninvasive treatment such as clinical observation with or without oxygen therapy, to aggressively invasive thoracoscopic bullectomy or open thoracotomy. Although chest tube thoracostomy has been most widely used, the patients should overcome pain in the initiation of tube insertion or during indwelling it potential infection and subcutaneous emphysema. Thus smaller-caliber tube has been challenged for the treatment of pneumothorax. Previously, we studied the therapeutic efficacy of 8 French catheter for spontaneous pneumothorax. But there has been few data for effectiveness of small-caliber catheterization in comparison with that of chest tube. In this study, we intended to observe the long-term effectiveness of 8 French catheter for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothoraces in comparison with that of chest tube thoracostomy. Method : From January, 1990 to January, 1996, sixty two patients with spontaneous pneumothoraces treated at Chung-Ang University Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were sub-divided into a group treated with 8 French catheter(n=23) and the other one with chest tube insertion(n=39). The clinical data were reviewed(age, sex, underlying pulmonary disorders, past history of pneumothorax, size of pneumothorax, follow-up period). And therapeutic effect of two groups was compared by treatment duration(duration of indwelling catheter or tube), treatment-associated complications and recurrence rate. Results : The follow-up period(median) of 8 French catheter group and chest tube group was 28 and 22 months, which had no statistical significance. Ther was no statistically significant difference of clinical characteristics between two groups with SP, PSP, SSP. The indwelling time of 8 French catheter group was $6.2{\pm}3.8$ days, which was significantly shorter than that of chest tube group in SP, $9.1{\pm}7.5$ days(p=0.047). In comparison of treatment-related complication in PSP, 8 French catheter group as 6.25% of complication showed lower tendency than the other group as 23.8% (p=0.041 ; one-tailed, p=0.053; two-tailed). The recurrence rate in each group of SP was 17.4%, 10.3%, which did not show any statistically significant difference. Conclusion : Treatment with 8 French catheter resulted in shorter indwelling time in sponteous pneumothorax, and lower incidence of treatment-related complication in primary spontaneous pneumothorax. And the recurrence rate in each of treatment group showed no statistically significant difference. So, we can recommend the 8 French small-caliber catheter for the initial therapy for spontaneous pneumothorax for the replacement of conventional chest tube thoracostomy. But further prospective study with more subjects of spontaneous pneumothorax will be needed for the evaluation of effectiveness of 8 French cateter.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND:The Aromatic rice which is characterized by the flavor of Nurungji when cooked rice, and consumption is increasing recently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and aroma components of five aromatic rice cultivars according to transplanting time. METHODS AND RESULTS: Quantitative analysis of protein, fat, fatty acid and essential amino acid for five aroma rice cultivars(Hyangmibyeo 2 ho, Aromi, Mihyang, Aranghyangchal, Heughyang)and transplanting time was analyzed by crude protein analyzer, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC) and viscosity analysis was done by using rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). The content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometer. (GC-MS) As a result, the average protein and lipid contents were 6.5% and 2.4%, respectively. The content of essential amino acid showed the highest content at 104.4mg/g. There was no significant change in normal nutrients during the transplanting time. By RVA, cv.Hyangmibyeo 2 ho showed the highest peak and total setback viscosities and lowest breakdown viscosity in early transplantation. The content of 2AP in flavor varieties and transplanting time was quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS. Among the cultivars, Aromi showed the highest 2AP contents at $66.7{\mu}g/100gin$ normal transplanting time. CONCLUSION: cv.Aromi and Hyangmibyeo 2 ho were excellent physicochemical properties and 2AP components contents amongaromatic rice cultivars tested. Theiroptimaltime to transplant was at the beginning of June in the area of Miryang.