• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify any influence of socioeconomic status on smoking and smoking cessation in a situation where genetic factors are controlled. Methods: The sample for this study was 2502 members of the twins and families cohort who participated in the Korean Healthy Twins Study from 2005 to 2009. Groups of brothers or sisters, including twins and fraternal twins, were compared in terms of smoking and smoking cessation behaviors according to differences in socioeconomic status and gender. Results: In a situation with complete control of genetic factors, results showed that the daily smoking amount, cumulative smoking amount, and dependence on nicotine decreased with higher-status occupations, and the rate of smoking and amount of cumulative smoking decreased with higher levels of education. Regarding smoking cessation behavior, a higher level of education was associated with a lower smoking cessation rate, and no significant gender differences were found. Conclusions: Environmental factors had a stronger influence on smoking behavior than did genetic factors. Genetic factors had greater influence on smoking cessation than did environmental factors; however, this requires verification in further studies.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.27-39
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• 2010

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to examine the contribution of each of the Transtheoretical Model components in explaining stages of smoking cessation and to identify factors associated with the smoking cessation behavior among Korean college students. Methods: The participants for this study were 334 undergraduate students who enrolled in general education courses. Self-report surveys were distributed and returned. The survey variables comprised the stages of change for smoking cessation, self-efficacy, decisional balances and processes of change in smoking cessation. Results: Significant differences were noted in the five stages of change for self-efficacy, decisional balance, and the processes of change. The strongest factor associated with the smoking cessation behavior was self-efficacy. Conclusion: Study findings indicate application of the Transtheoretical Model may be useful to enhance future smoking cessation efforts in college students. The strategies to enhance smoking cessation self-eficacy in college students will be an important intervention component in future studies.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2004

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting smoking cessation behavior of the university student smokers for developing the effective smoking cessation program. For this purpose, data were collected from 64 students registrated at the university health center for anti-smoking acupuncture through May, 2003. Data were analyzed with percentile, mean, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation by SPSS/PC program. The results were as follows ; There was significant relationship in the scores on perceived benefits(t=-2.05, p=.045), chance-health locus of control(t=-2.28, p=.026) and nicotine dependence (t=-1.96, p=.056) according to the grade. And also there was significant increase in the nicotine dependence in the higher grades. There were significant positive relationship between external locus of control and perceived benefits(r=.389, p=.001), perceived barriers and benefits(r=.457, p=.000), and significant negative relationship between the daily life activities and perceived barriers(r=-.350, p=.005). From these results, it can be concluded that the effective smoking cessation program could be considered of perceived benefits & barriers, and nicotine dependence to promote anti-smoking behavior for university student smokers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find taxi drivers' smoking behavior, self-efficacy and expectation level of success in smoking cessation. It will provide useful information for developing nursing interventions in health promotion programs. Method: The subjects of this study were 271 taxi drivers in Seoul and its metropolitan area. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire asking smoking history, smoking behaviors, health problem, stages of change for smoking cessation, self-efficacy and the expectation level of success in smoking cessation. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Cronbach's a. Results: Of the taxi drivers, 83.8% were current smokers. Stages of change were as follows: 45.8% were in the precontemplation stage, 26.2% in the contemplation stage, 13.7% in the maintenance stage, 12.2% in the preparation stage and 1.5% in the action stage. In addition. 20.3% of the subjects reported health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus and respiratory disease. The expectation level of success in smoking cessation was positively related with self-efficacy. There were statistically significant differences in the expectation level of success in smoking cessation according to the number of cigarettes per day and nicotine dependency. In addition. there were statistically significant differences in self-efficacy according to the number of cigarettes per day, duration of smoking (years) and nicotine dependency. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that taxi drivers' health problems and smoking rate were serious. Therefore more systematic health promotion programs for smoking cessation should be developed and executed by health care specialists at individual taxi companies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.533-538
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• 2012

Background: Tobacco cessation would provide the most immediate benefits of tobacco control to prevent tobacco related disease morbidity and mortality. Methods: A tobacco cessation program involving individual and group behavior therapy was implemented in three stages at a worksite. Tobacco quit rates were assessed at the end of each contact session. Results: Out of the 291 tobacco users identified, 224 participated in the tobacco cessation interventions. At the end of three interventions, 38 (17%) users had successfully quit tobacco use. Presence of clinical oral pre-cancer lesion was found to be associated with quitting (p=0.02). Also tobacco users with oral pre-cancer lesions were around three times more likely to quit than those with no lesions (OR= 2.70 95% C.I= 1.20 - 6.05). Conclusion: Cost effective multi-pronged tobacco cessation approaches, inbuilt into other occupational health and welfare activities, are acceptable and feasible to achieve long term sustainable tobacco cessation programs at worksites.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of smoking cessation program in large size company using motivational enhancement counseling. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. 72 workers in intervention group and 65 workers in control group participated in 7 large size companies. Smoking cessation program consisted of a campaign, smoking cessation education, and 6 weeks motivational enhancement counseling. The motivational enhancement counseling was tailored to the individual's stage of change. Stages of smoking behavior, smoking cessation rate, nicotine dependence, and confidence of smoking cessation were assessed after intervention. Results: The results showed that intervention had a significant impact on improving stages of smoking behavior and smoking cessation rate, and impact on decreasing nicotine dependence, compared to those of a control group. Conclusion: The effects and feasibility of smoking cessation program including motivational enhancement counseling were revealed in the large size company. These results might provide information that can be used in improving cultures of smoking cessation for workers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.463-475
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to examine if individual characteristics and experiences related to smoking behavior identified from the literature were significantly associated with behavior-specific cognitions and affect in the same way as presented in Pender's Revised Health Promotion Model(Pender, 1996). The subjects selected for this study were 400 college students enrolled in more than 10 colleges located in Seoul and Kyunggi-Inchon province. According to the study results, personal factors (i.e., perceived health status, the past history of disease, and symptoms related to smoking) and related behavior (i.e., the degree of alcohol consumption, and exercise) are significantly associated with behavior-specific cognitions and affect (i.e., perceived barriers to smoking cessation, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived benefits of smoking cessation). The canonical correlation between two groups of variables was .59, and it turned out to be statistically significant. Thirty-four percent of variance of the relationship between two group of variables was explained by two canonical variates which turned out to be significant in the study results. The result could be interpreted from the view of psycho-social area as follows: overall, this study includes important variables which explain the association between two groups of variables.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.125-138
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was attempted to find out female smoking behavior and the smoking related factors. Method: Study subjects were 226 female smokers who have visited temporary clinic or smoking cessation clinic run by 10 public health centers in Incheon. The data were collected through the questionnaire specially designed for this study from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Result: 68.0% of feale smokers have smoked habitually. The average daily smoking amount of the subjects was $12.0{\pm}8.7$ ea, average rate of nicotine dependence was $4.2{\pm}2.2$ points, the mean smoking duration was $12.7{\pm}9.3$ years, and the smoking start age was $23.1{\pm}8.5$ year old. The smoking behavior by the drinking frequency showed significant difference in average daily smoking amount and rate of nicotine dependence(p<.05). Also the smoking behavior by exercise showed significant difference in current smoking frequency(p<.05). There was positive relation between female smoking behavior and monthly income, frequency of drinking, exercise, and stress respectively(p<.05, p<.01). Conclusion: Compared to a male smoker, the average daily smoking amount of a female smoker was less and the duration of smoking was longer. This study suggests that not only a social movement about a female smoking cessation is imperative but also smoking cessation programs should be combined with reduced drinking consumption, exercise and stress relief programs. Moreover, early intervention for preventing teenager smoking should be added to smoking cessation programs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking status, stress, self-efficacy for smoking cessation and the health promoting behaviors of students who want to quit smoking. Methods : Data was collected in 2018 from 143 college students (101 males and 42 females) who were enrolled in the health clinic of N university. The average age was 21.95 years. Multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyzed the factors affecting health promoting behavior and the correlations between variables. Results : There were statistically significant correlations between stress and the following factors: smoking motivation (r=.323, p<.001), smoking behavior (r=.329, p<.001), and health promoting behaviors (r=-.312, p=.006). There were statistically significant correlations between Self-efficacy for smoking cessation and following factors: smoking motivation (r=-.278, p<.01), smoking behaviors (r=-.313, p<.001), and stress (r=-.324, p<.001). Health promoting behaviors were negatively correlated with smoking motivation (r=-.345, p<.05), smoking behaviors (r=-.312, p<.01), and stress (r=-.265, p<.001). Self-efficacy for smoking cessation was positively correlated with health-promoting behaviors (r=.421, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors exert a significant influence on health promoting behaviors: smoking motivation (${\beta}=-.376$, p=.001), smoking behaviors (${\beta}=-.233$, p=.008), stress (${\beta}=-.278$, p=.006), and self-efficacy for smoking cessation (${\beta}=.403$, p=.000). Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that it is important to provide basic data for the development of a program for the health-promoting behaviors of university students who want to quit smoking a smoking cessation clinic at the university health clinic. However, since only some college students were included in the study, there are limitations in generalizing the results.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate factors related to the recogniton and behavioral intention for smoking cessation programs. Five effective smoking cessation programs were considered： acupuncture, nicotine patch, clinic program, mass education, and alliance programs. To explain the health behavior for smoking and smoking cessation programs, a five-stage behavioral intention model was built, and 500 questionnaires were completed through a telephone survey. Stages of the model included recogniton of the programs, past experiences, present smoking status, intention for smoking, and behavioral intention for smoking cessation programs. The results showed that the recogniton rate of the programs were low in general, therefore strategies of education, public relations, and advertisement need to be pursued. Nicotine dependency resulted in the fact that success rates were low although trial rates of smoking cessation were high among smokers. The necessity for smoking cessation programs was suggested. And the significant factors related to the intention for smoking cessation were individual attitude and reluctancy to pay time and money. Others' attitude was insignificant to subjects' smoking cessation. Purchase rates for nicotine patches were 11.3％ for male and 27.3％ for female, those for acupunture were 7.6％ for male and 10.0％ for female. There were very low purchase rates for clinic, mass education, and alliance programs. In conclusion, evidence-based and effective smoking cessation programs need to be promoted by medical doctors. Strategies in education, public relations, and advertisement also need development. In addition, continuing legal and systematic support for smoking cessation would lower the smoking rate and ultimately contribute to the nation's health.