• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.507-512
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 기구등에 오염된 E. coli와 S. aureus를 제어하기 위해 이산화염소의 농도별 접촉시간에 따른 살균소독력을 평가하여 살균예측모델을 개발하였다. E. coli의 경우 초기균수가 9.13 log CFU/mL이었고, 청정조건에서 5ppm으로 1분, 3분, 5분 처리한 결과 각각 0.04, 0.07, 0.10 log CFU/mL의 감소값을 나타내었다. 20 ppm을 처리한 결과 각각 0.74, 0.79, 0.84 log CFU/mL의 감소값을 나타내었다. 또한 CCD에 의한 최대농도 35 ppm으로 처리한 결과 각각 2.49, 2.70, 3.65 log CFU/mL의 감소값을 나타내었다. S. aureus의 경우 초기균수가 8.70 log CFU/mL이었고, 청정조건에서 5 ppm으로 1분, 3분, 5분 처리한 결과 각각 0.14, 0.28, 0.36 log CFU/mL의 감소값을 나타내었다. 20 ppm을 처리한 결과 각각 0.66, 0.79, 0.90 log CFU/mL의 감소값을 나타내었다. 또한 CCD에 의한 최대농도 35 ppm으로 처리한 결과 각각 4.59, 5.25, 5.81 log CFU/mL의 감소값을 나타내었다. 따라서 이산화염소의 살균소독력 평가결과는 E. coli와 S. aureus에 대하여 식품의약품안전처 살균소독력 기준에 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 살균예측모델의 경우, $R^2$값이 모두 0.98 이상으로 두 균주에 대해 모두 높은 적합성을 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 이산화염소의 살균예측모델을 식품산업 적용을 위한 기초자료로 활용함으로써 E. coli와 S. aureus를 적절한 농도와 접촉시간으로 제어할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 항암효과가 뛰어난 차가버섯의 초음파 추출 공정 최적화를 위해 반응표면 분석법으로 모니터링하여 최적 추출 조건을 설정하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 추출 시간($X_1$), 에탄올 농도($X_2$), 추출 온도($X_3$)을 요인변수로 하고 추출 수율($Y_1$), 총 페놀함량($Y_2$), 총 플라보노이드함량($Y_3$), 갈색도($Y_4$)를 종속변수로 하여 시행 하였다. 실험 결과 추출 수율은 에탄올 농도와 추출 온도에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출 조건이 추출 시간 20.47min($X_1$), 에탄올 농도 42.85%($X_2$), 추출 온도 $69.57^{\circ}C$($X_3$)일 때, 최대값 18.02%로 나타났다. 총 페놀함량 또한 에탄올 농도와 추출 온도에 영향을 크게 받았다. 최대값은 71.57mg GAE/g으로 나타났으며 이때의 추출 조건은 추출시간 21.60min($X_1$), 에탄올 농도 45.19%($X_2$), 추출 온도 $69.68^{\circ}C$($X_3$)로 나타났다. 총 플라보노이드함량은 추출 온도의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났고 안장점에서 추출 조건은 추출 시간 22.53min($X_1$), 에탄올 농도 46.37%($X_2$), 추출온도 $69.56^{\circ}C$($X_3$)였고 최대값은 35.98mg RE/g으로 예측되었다. 갈색도는 추출 시간, 에탄올 농도, 추출 온도 이 세가지 조건 모두에 영향을 크게 받았다. 안장점일 때의 추출시간 22.00min($X_1$), 에탄올 농도 46.89%($X_2$), 추출 온도 $69.71^{\circ}C$($X_3$)의 조건에서 최대값이 예측되었다. 앞에서 얻은 결과들을 바탕으로 contour map을 분석한 결과 추출시간 21.50min, 에탄올 농도 44.87%, 추출 온도 $69.64^{\circ}C$의 최적 추출 조건이 예측되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.470-476
• /
• 2012

신선편이 양상추는 유통 중 갈변과 이취 및 무름현상이 발생되고, 미생물의 증식에 의해 안전성이 위협받는 등 원재료보다 품질 저하현상이 빠르다는 문제점이 있다. 또한, 건강지향적인 시대가 도래함에 따라, 선도 유지를 위한 화학적 처리를 거친 식품은 기피하는 실정이다. 이에 일반적인 블랜칭의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 저온블랜칭과, 다른 기술과 병용처리 시 synergy effect를 기대할 수 있는 초음파를 병용처리함으로써 신선편이 양상추의 품질특성 변화에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 최적 병용처리조건은 예비실험을 토대로 확립하였으며, central composite design에 의한 반응표면분석법을 이용하였다. 즉, 독립변수를 ultrasonication time ($x_1$), blanching temperature ($x_2$) 및 blanching time ($x_3$), 종속변수를 ${\Delta}E$ value (y)로 하여 반응표면분석을 실시한 결과, 90초간 ultrasonication한 후 $45^{\circ}C$에서 90초간 blanching (US+LB)하는 것이 색도 변화가 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 최적병용처리구와 각각의 단일처리구 및 무처리구를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 9일간 저장하면서 실험을 실시한 결과, 전반적으로 US+LB 처리구가 유의적으로 높은 $L^*$값이 나타났으며, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}E$ value, browning index, PPO 및 POD 활성, 총균수에서 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한, appearance, color, aroma, freshness, texture, overall acceptibility의 6가지 항목으로 관능평가를 실시한 결과, 모든 항목에서 US+LB 처리구가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타나, 이화학적 실험결과와도 일치하는 경향임을 알 수 있었다. 이로써, 초음파와 저온블랜칭의 병용처리는 신선편이 양상추의 품질 유지에 효과적인 방법인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.472-481
• /
• 2009

반응표면분석법은 최적화 연구에 자주 사용되는 통계적 분석방법이다. 본 연구는 반응표면분석법에 의해 Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens 및 Vibrio parahaemolyticus에 대한 자몽종자 추출물과 젖산 혼합물의 항균활성을 검토하여 최적화하였다. 중심합성계획에 따라 1% 자몽종자 추출물 (GFSE)과 10% 젖산 (LA)의 비율 ($X_1$, 0:100-100:0 v/v)과 1% GFSE와 10% LA 혼합물의 농도 ($X_2$, 20-100%)를 독립변수로 하고 S. aureus ($Y_1$), B. cereus ($Y_2$), E. coli ($Y_3$), S. typhimurium ($Y_4$), P. fluorescens ($Y_5$) 및 V. parahaemolyticus ($Y_6$)에 대한 항균활성을 종속변수로 하여 항균활성을 측정하였다. 미생물에 대한 1% GFSE와 10% LA의 항균활성 처리조건의 최적범위는 다양한 조건하에서 얻어진 반응변수의 항균활성에 관하여 중첩된 등고선도로 예측하였고, 항균활성을 최대화하기위한 최적범위는 1% GFSE와 10% LA의 비율 35.73:64.27-56.58:43.42 (v/v)이었고 혼합물의 농도는 $51.70{\sim}100%$였다. 최적 항균활성 범위내의 주어진 조건 (1% GFSE:10% LA 비율 40:60, 1% GFSE:10% LA 혼합물 70%)에서 S. aureus ($Y_1$), B. cereus ($Y_2$), E. coli ($Y_3$), S. typhimurium ($Y_4$), P. fluorescens ($Y_5$) 및 V. parahaemolyticus ($Y_6$)에 대한 1% GFSE:10% LA 혼합물의 비율 및 농도의 항균활성은 각각 24.55, 25.22, 20.20, 22.49, 23.89 및 28.04 mm로 예측되었다. 최적조건 범위내의 임의의 조건에서 실험한 결과 각 종속변수들의 예측값과 실제값이 유사한 항균활성을 보였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.659-666
• /
• 2010

산머루의 유용성분을 효율적으로 추출할 수 있는 공정을 개발하고자 반응표면분석법에 의한 환류 냉각 추출공정 최적화를 실시하였다. 산머루에 함유된 항산화 성분을 효과적으로 추출하기 위해 에탄올 추출을 실시하여 반응표면 분석에 의해 추출조건을 최적화하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 추출 온도($X_1$), 추출 농도($X_2$), 추출 시간($X_3$)을 독립변수로 하고 추출물의 특성 즉, 추출 수율($Y_1$), 총 페놀($Y_2$), 전자공여능($Y_3$), 갈색도($Y_4$), 환원당($Y_5$)을 종속변수로 하여 추출을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 추출수율은 추출온도와 추출농도에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출 조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도는 $91.62^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 25.37%($X_2$), 추출시간은 317.70 min ($X_3$)이었다. 총 페놀함량은 추출온도와 추출시간의 영향을 거의 받지 않았으며 추출농도의 영향을 많이 받았다. 최대값은 4763.46 GAE mg/100 g으로 나타났으며 이때의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도는 $88.20^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 47.79%($X_2$), 추출시간은 349.32 min ($X_3$)으로 나타났다. 전자공여능은 추출온도와 추출농도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났고 안장점에서 추출조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도 $86.72^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도 50.61%($X_2$), 추출시간은 265.96 min ($X_3$),였고 최대값은 55.90%로 예측되었다. 갈색도는 다른 조건들보다 농도에 의한 영향을 받았다. 안장점일 때의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도 $82.66^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 99.27%($X_2$), 추출시간은 252.63 min ($X_3$)으로 나타났으며 환원당은 추출농도와 추출시간의 영향을 많이 받았으며 시료에 대한 추출온도 $96.24^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 22.59%($X_2$), 추출시간은 216.06min($X_3$)에서 최대값이 예측되었다. 산머루 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 예측한 결과 추출온도 $75^{\circ}C$, 추출농도 48%, 추출시간 143 min으로 예측되었다.

• 산업식품공학
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.388-397
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 추출시간을 단축시키고자 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction(UAE)를 이용한 전처리 추출공정을 수행 후 기능성 성분 추출 시 시료에 대한 용매비와 추출 온도, 추출 시간의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 용매비는 10-30 mL/g, 추출온도 60-100$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 2-6시간으로 하여 각 조건에서 추출함량을 측정하였으며 최적 추출 조건을 구하기 위해 반응표면 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 미강의 기능성 성분의 추출 시 추출온도에 가장 영향을 많이 받았으며 추출시간은 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 시료에 대한 용매비는 추출온도 다음으로 종속변수에 비교적 유의하게 영향을 주었다. 총페놀함량의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비 17.43, 추출온도 82.13$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.76시간일 때 최대값 176.57 mg GAE/100g을 나타내었고, 총플라보노이드 함량은 18.32 mL/g, 77.51$^{\circ}C$, 2.04시간일 때 291.09 mg/ 100 g으로 최대값을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 14.37 mL/g, 78.46$^{\circ}C$, 2.87시간일 때 94.34%로 최대값을 나타내었다. Ferulic acid의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 용매비 17.71 mL/g, 추출 온도 80.58$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.62시간일 때 최대값 265.18 mg/100 g으로 예측되었고, $\gamma$-oryzanol은 시료에 대한 용매비 16.39 mL/g, 추출온도 76.45$^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.41시간 에서 최대값 226.46 mg/100 g을 나타났다. $\alpha$-toopherol은 시료에 대한 용매비 25 mL/g, 추출온도 79.18$^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 5.73시간일 때 최대값 9.71 mg/100 g을 나타내었다. 흑미 미강의 기능성 성분의 최적 추출 조건을 예측하기 위하여 각 종속변수에 대한 각각의 contour map을 superimposing을 한 결과 시료에 대한 용매비 20.35mL/g, 추출 온도 79.4$^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 2.88시간으로 나타났다. 이 조건에서 실험한 결과 각각 종속변수들의 예측값과 실제값이 유사하게 나타났다.

• 산업식품공학
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 미강과 배아로부터의 ${\beta}$-glucan 추출 공정 최적화를 위해 반응표면 분석법으로 모니터링 하였다. 중 심합성계획법에 따라 추출 온도($X_1$), 추출 시간($X_2$), 추출온도($X_3$)를 요인변수(Xn)로 하고 미강 추출물의 전자공여 능($Y_1$), 배아 추출물의 전자공여능($Y_2$), 미강 추출물의 total phenolics($Y_3$), 배아 추출물의 total phenolics($Y_4$), 미강 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량($Y_5$), 배아 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량 ($Y_6$)을 종속변수로 하여 시행하였다. 실험 결과 미강 추출물의 전자공여능도는 추출 온도에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출 조건은 추출 온도는 $60.41^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간은 2.75 min, 에탄올 농도 92.60%로 예측되었으며 이 때 84.02%로 비교적 높은 항산화 활성을 보여주었다. 배아 추출물의 전자공여능도의 안장점에서 추출 조건은 추출 온도 $54.40^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 2.23 min, 에탄올 농도 87.52%였다. 미강 추출물의 total phenolics는 추출 온도와 에탄올 농도에 영향을 크게 받은 것으로 나타났고 안장점에서 추출 조건은 추출 온도 $40.26^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 6.69 min, 에탄올 농도 98.56%로 예측 되었고 배아 추출물의 total phenolics는 최소점에서 추출온도 $53.67^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 9.19 min, 에탄올 농도 95.73%에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 미강 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 안장점일 때 추출 조건이 추출 온도 $64.69^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 7.70 min, 에탄올 농도 96.23%로 나타났다. 배아 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 추출 시간에 영향을 크게 받았으며 최소점에서 추출 온도 $50.03^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 2.10 min, 에탄올 농도 87.82%에서 미강 추출물에서보다 더 높은 최대값을 나타내었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2019

목적: 본 연구에서는 CAD/CAM 기술로 제작한 4가지 금속하부구조물의 변연 및 내면 적합도를 비교하여 정확도 및 임상적 효용성을 알아보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법: 상악 중절치 레진모형치아를 삭제한 뒤 복제하여 Ni-Cr 합금 표준 모형을 제작하였다. 이를 공초점 현미경방식의 구강 스캐너를 이용해 12개의 STL 파일을 얻었다. CAD 프로그램 상에서 $50{\mu}m$의 시멘트 공간을 부여한 두께 0.5 mm의 금속하부구조물을 디자인하였다. Co-Cr 금속하부구조물은 다음 4가지 방법으로 제작하였다: Wax pattern milling & Casting (WM), Resin pattern 3D Printing & casting (RP), Milling & Sintering (MS), Selective laser melting (SLM). 변연 및 내면 적합도를 측정하기 위해 실리콘 복제법을 이용하였다. 측정한 결과값은 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 일원배치분산분석(one-way ANOVA)으로 통계처리하고, 사후검정으로 Scheffe test를 시행하였으며, 5% 유의수준으로 평가하였다(${\alpha}=.05$). 결과: 변연 적합도는 WM군($27.66{\pm}9.85{\mu}m$)과 MS군($28.88{\pm}10.13{\mu}m$)이 RP군($38.09{\pm}11.14{\mu}m$)에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 작았다. 치경부 적합도는 MS군이 RP군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 작았다. 축면 적합도는 WM군과 MS군이 RP군과 SLM군 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 작았다. 절단면 적합도는 RP군이 통계적으로 유의하게 작았다. 결론: Wax pattern milling & Casting, Milling & Sintering법으로 제작한 Co-Cr coping의 변연과 축면에서의 적합도가 더 우수하였다. 모든 군의 Co-Cr coping의 변연, 치경부, 축면 적합도는 임상적으로 허용할만한 범위 안에 있었다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 도시녹지에 관한 현행 중국의 법제도를 조사하여 도시녹지의 종류와 도시거주구 녹지의 설치 기준을 항목별로 분류해 봄으로써 그 속성을 이해하고, 국내 규정과 상이한 특이점을 분석 고찰함으로써 향후 이들 법규의 국내 도입 여부를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 공원녹지, 생산녹지, 방호녹지, 부속녹지, 기타녹지 등 5종류로 구분되는 중국의 도시녹지는 공원과 녹지 개념이 동시에 포함되어 있는 점이 공원과 녹지가 엄밀히 구분되어 있는 국내의 공원녹지 개념과는 상이하며, 종합공원, 공동체공원, 전문공원 및 대상(帶狀)공원 등으로 구분되는 중국의 도시공원의 종류는 하위 법규인 '도시녹지분류표준'에서 밝히고 있다. 둘째, 옥상조경 시 중국에서는 주민 출입이 용이한 지하나 반지하 건물의 옥상 외에는 옥상조경의 조경면적을 도시녹지의 녹지율 산입에 포함시키지 않고 있고, 도시 주민들의 생활환경 확보를 위해 거주구 계획 설계 시의 녹지 요구 조항과 거주구, 소구(小區), 조단(組團) 등 거주구 종류별 의무적 공공녹지 확보율이 구체적으로 명시되어 있다. 셋째, 거주구 내 녹지계획 시 녹지계통 수립이 의무화되고, 기존 수목과 녹지의 보존 이용을 명시하고 있다. 녹지율은 구거주구 재정비시의 경우 신거주구 건설시보다 완화시켜 주고, 특이하게 녹지 경사도를 별도로 명시하고 있다. 거주구공원, 어린이공원(소유원(小遊園)), 조단(組團)녹지 등 각급 중심녹지의 설치 내용, 요구사항 및 최소 면적 규모가 명시되어 있고, 특히 조단녹지의 일종인 정원식 조단녹지는 폐쇄형 녹지와 개방형 녹지로 분류하여, 다층 고층 건물별로 남 북측 건물 간격과 녹지 면적 확보치를 밝히고 있으며, 녹지 면적 계산법이 별도의 규범에 제시되어 있다. 넷째, 거주구별 달성해야 할 거주구 내 공공녹지의 1인당 확보 면적인 총 지표가 정해져 있고, 이 경우 노후 구역 재정비시에는 일정치까지 완화할 수 있다. 공공녹지의 위치와 규모, 최소폭, 개소당 최소 면적 등이 명시되어 있고, 도로와의 인접, 전체 면적 대비 녹화 면적비, 개방적 공간 확보, 일조음영선 범위 등 공간 배치 원칙이 규정되어 있다. 다섯째, 지하관선 설치 시의 녹지 고려 사항으로 지하관선과 주변 녹화수목과의 최소 수평 이격거리가 명시되어 있고, 공공서비스 시설 중 녹지 설치를 위해 종류별 서비스 내용에 따른 녹지 설치 원칙이 규정되어 있다. 국내 규정에는 없는 중국 법규만의 특이점에 대한 국내 도입 여부의 검토가 향후 요구되고, 이상의 연구 결과는 중국의 도시녹지 관련 법제도 연구의 당면성에 대한 국내 조경가들의 공감대를 형성하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 조경 법제도의 국제화 진입의 계기 역할을 하게 될 것이다.