Optimization of β-Glucan Extraction Process from Rice Bran and Rice Germ Using Response Surface Methodology

미강과 배아로부터 β-glucan의 추출조건 최적화 및 기능성 생리활성

  • Jeon, Ju-Yeong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Ji-Hae (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Se-Hwan (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Choi, Yong-Hee (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University)
  • 전주영 (경북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 박지해 (경북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김세환 (경북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 최용희 (경북대학교 식품공학과)
  • Received : 2008.10.30
  • Accepted : 2008.11.28
  • Published : 2009.02.28

Abstract

This study was investigated on optimal conditions of the functional activities of ${\beta}$-glucan which was extracted from rice bran (RB) and rice germ (RG) using response surface methodology. The extraction temperature was varied in the $80-100^{\circ}C$, the extraction time between 2-10 min, and the ethanol concentration was in the interval of 30-70%. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables of extraction temperature ($X_1$), extraction time ($X_2$) and ethanol concentration ($X_3$) on dependent variables such as electron donating ability of RB ($Y_1$), electron donating ability of RG ($Y_2$), total phenolics of RB ($Y_3$), total phenolics of RG ($Y_4$), ${\beta}$-glucan contents of RB ($Y_5$) and ${\beta}$-glucan contents of RG ($Y_6$). As a result, the highest $Y_1$ level was 84.02% at $92.60^{\circ}C$, 2.75 min and 60.41% in saddle point. This value was affected by extraction temperature (P<0.05). The value of $Y_2$ was found to be the highest at $87.52^{\circ}C$, 2.23 min and 54.40% in saddle point. The highest $Y_3$ level was $98.56^{\circ}C$, 6.69 min and 40.26% in saddle point, and this extraction was greatly influenced by extraction temperature (P<0.01) and ethanol concentration (P<0.05). The value of $Y_4$ was found to be highest at $95.73^{\circ}C$, 9.19 min and 53.67% in minimum point. The value of $Y_5$ was found to be the highest at $96.23^{\circ}C$, 7.70 min and 63.69% in saddle point. The value of $Y_6$ was found to be highest at $87.82^{\circ}C$, 2.10 min and 50.03% in minimum point, and this extraction was greatly influenced by extraction time (P<0.01).

본 연구에서는 미강과 배아로부터의 ${\beta}$-glucan 추출 공정 최적화를 위해 반응표면 분석법으로 모니터링 하였다. 중 심합성계획법에 따라 추출 온도($X_1$), 추출 시간($X_2$), 추출온도($X_3$)를 요인변수(Xn)로 하고 미강 추출물의 전자공여 능($Y_1$), 배아 추출물의 전자공여능($Y_2$), 미강 추출물의 total phenolics($Y_3$), 배아 추출물의 total phenolics($Y_4$), 미강 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량($Y_5$), 배아 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량 ($Y_6$)을 종속변수로 하여 시행하였다. 실험 결과 미강 추출물의 전자공여능도는 추출 온도에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출 조건은 추출 온도는 $60.41^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간은 2.75 min, 에탄올 농도 92.60%로 예측되었으며 이 때 84.02%로 비교적 높은 항산화 활성을 보여주었다. 배아 추출물의 전자공여능도의 안장점에서 추출 조건은 추출 온도 $54.40^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 2.23 min, 에탄올 농도 87.52%였다. 미강 추출물의 total phenolics는 추출 온도와 에탄올 농도에 영향을 크게 받은 것으로 나타났고 안장점에서 추출 조건은 추출 온도 $40.26^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 6.69 min, 에탄올 농도 98.56%로 예측 되었고 배아 추출물의 total phenolics는 최소점에서 추출온도 $53.67^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 9.19 min, 에탄올 농도 95.73%에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 미강 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 안장점일 때 추출 조건이 추출 온도 $64.69^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 7.70 min, 에탄올 농도 96.23%로 나타났다. 배아 추출물의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 추출 시간에 영향을 크게 받았으며 최소점에서 추출 온도 $50.03^{\circ}C$, 추출 시간 2.10 min, 에탄올 농도 87.82%에서 미강 추출물에서보다 더 높은 최대값을 나타내었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 농림부

References

  1. Chalas J, Claise C, Edeas M, Messaoudi C, Vergnes L, Abella A, Lindenbaum A. 2001. Effect of ethyl esterification of phenolic acids on low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Biomed. Pharmacother. 55:54-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(00)00011-1
  2. Choi YH, Kim SL, Jeong JE, Song J, Kim JT, Kim JY, Lee CG. 2008. Effects of low-temperature storage of brown rice on rice and cooked rice quality. Korean J. Crop Sci. 53(2): 179-186
  3. Chun HS, You JE, Kim IH, Cho JS. 1999. Comparative antimutagenic and antioxidative activities of rice with different milling fractions. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 31:1371-1377
  4. Hong MY, Suh SJ, Baek SB, Kang MS, Park GY, Ha YW. 1999. Quantification of $\beta$-glucan in barley using flow-injection analysis. Korean J. Breed. 31:29-34
  5. Jeong HS, Kang TS, Jeong IS, Park HJ, Min YG. 2003. $\beta$-glucan contents with different particle size and varieties of barley and oats. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 35(4):610-616
  6. Kim KT, Kim SS, Lee YC, Son JY. 1994. Antioxidant activity of solvent extract isolated from barley leaves. Korean J. Food Science and Nutrition 7:332-337
  7. Kim SY, Yu EH. 2003. Extraction and physicochemical characterization of barley bran $\beta$-glucan. Korean J. Food Cookery 19:616-623
  8. Kim YK, Lee HY, Oh DH. 2004. Changes in antioxidative activity and total polyphenols of crude and defatted grape seed extract by extraction condition and storage. Korean J. Food Preservation 11:455-460
  9. Lee CK. 2004. Determination of mixed $\beta$-glucan in cereals by enzymatic method. Korean J. Soc. of Crop Science 49:31-38
  10. Liisa J, Pivi T, Heli A, Hannu R, Liisa V. 2007. Effect of processing on the extractability of oat $\beta$-glucan. Food Chem. 105:1439-1445 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.021
  11. Liisa J, Mikko K, Pivi E, Liisa V, Heikki T. 2008. Comparison of the solution properties of (1$\rightarrow$3),(1$\rightarrow$4)-$\beta$-d-glucans extracted from oats and barley. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 41:180-184
  12. Oh HJ, Lee SR. 1996. Physiological function in vitro of $\beta$-glucan isolated from barley. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 28:689-695
  13. Park HJ, Kang TS, Lee HB, Kim KY, Jang KI, Noh YH, Jeong HS. 2005. Purification of oat $\beta$-glucan by $\beta$-amlyase treatment and characterization of its physicochemical properties. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 37:776-782
  14. Park JH, Kang MS, Kim HI, Chung BH, Lee KH, Moon WK. 2003. Study on immuno-stimulating activity of β-glucan isolated from the cell wall of yeast mutant saccharomyces cerevisiae. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 35:488- 492
  15. Park WG, Park BG, Park YH. 2000. Korea food dictionary. 368-369, 334-335
  16. Peter JW. 2007. Cereal $\beta$-glucans in diet and health. Cereal Sci. 46:230-238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2007.06.012
  17. Sato M, Ramarathnam N, Suzuki Y, Ohkubo T, Takeuchi M, Ochi H. 1996. Varietal differences in the phenolic content and superoxide radical scavenging potential of wines from different sources. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44:37-44 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950190a
  18. Seo HC. 1999. Development of Isolation Process of Barley Starch Using β-glucanase. Korean J. Soc. Food Sci. 15:238-243ßß
  19. Rhe SJ, Cho SY, Kim KM, Cha DS, Park HJ. 2008. A comparative study of analytical methods for alkali-soluble $\beta$-glucan in medicinal mushroom. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 41:545-549
  20. Wei L, Steve WC, Yukio K. 2006. Extraction, fractionation, structural and physical characterization of wheat $\beta$-d-glucans. Carbohyd. polym. 63:408-416 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.09.025
  21. Woo KM, Lee YS, Kim YH. 2005. Antioxidant effects of tocotrienol in rice bran. Korean J. Crop Sci. 50:4-7