• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2007

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a pleomorphic disease entity characterized by local or disseminated atypical Langerhans cells (LCs) found most commonly in bone, lungs, mucocutaneous structures and endocrine organs. Among different sites, unifocal disease confined to a lymph node (LN) is rare. We report a case of LCH confined to a LN in a 38-year-old male who presented with a 2 cm-sized cervical mass. The fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears of cervical LN showed high cellularity having isolated LCs with contorted nuclei and nuclear grooves mixed in multinucleated giant cells, small lymphocytes and eosinophils. Charcot-Leyden crystals were also seen, as were a few dendritic-like cells and intranuclear inclusions. Confirmation of LCH was made by histopathologic studies, positive reactions for S-100 protein and CD1a immunohistochemical staining and by the demonstration of Birbeck granules on electron microscopy. The differentials to be considered include dermatopathic lymphadenitis, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, Hodgkin's lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis. The characteristic cytomorphologic pattern of LCH in a LN FNA smear plays an important role in suggesting the diagnosis of LCH.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.223-227
• /
• 1987

The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on the immune status in normal male were evaluated. They exhibited significant decrease in the circulating leukocyte counts. Relative spleen and thymus weights were slightly decreased, but not stratistically significant. These were, however, significant liver hypertrophies in theier exposed mice. Splenic IgM PFCs per one million cells in 1/20 LD50 BHA and BHT exposed mice were significantly reduced IgM PFCs per spleen were similar tothose of control, except in 1/20 LD50 BHA exposed mice, where they were significantly suppressed. The precise nature of the inhibition is not clear. Direct cytotoxicity is not responsible for the depressed antibody response, even following relatively high doses of them, because the changes in spleen cellularity are not significant. Both substances, however, did not show any effects on the arthus reaction and delayed hypersensitivity reaction induced by heat aggreagted bovine serum albumin, and in vivo phagocytosis of colloidal carbon. In the light of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, may be sensitive to BHA of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, amy be sensitie to BHA and BHT. Further elucidation of the precise nature of antibody suppression in their exposed mice, is warranted.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2014

수중과 육상의 이중적인 생활을 하는 남방짱뚱어 Scartelaos gigas (amphibious mudskipper)의 후각기관을 해부학과 조직학적으로 연구하였다. 그 결과 후각기관은 좌우 한 쌍이 존재하며 각 기관은 한 개의 가느다란 긴관 (an elongated canal)과 사비강과 누비강의 두 개의 비강 (ethmoidal and lacrimal nasal sacs)으로 구성되어 있었다. 각 관의 내벽에 발달한 감각 상피는 3~4개의 섬모를 가지는 감각 수용기 세포 (receptor cell), 지지세포 (supporting cell), 기저세포 (basal cell) 그리고 점액세포 (mucus cell)들로 구성되는 다세포성 구조로 이루어져 있었다. 반면에 비감각 상피는 감각기를 갖지 않는 주름진 표면만을 가지고 있었다. 또한 두 개의 비강은 상피 표면에 점액 방울 (mucin droplet)을 가지고 있었다. 따라서 남방짱뚱어의 이러한 후각기관의 특징은 생태적 습성과 서식처에 관련된 반수중 생활 (semi-aquatic life)에 적응한 특징으로 사료된다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2007

결절성 근막염은 섬유모세포와 근모세포의 증식에 의하여 발생하는 양성 질환으로 그 크기도 보통 3 cm 이내로 작다. 이 질환은 빠른 성장, 풍부한 세포충실성 및 유사 분열과 같은 특징들을 보일 수 있어 연부조직 육종으로 오인될 수 있다. 저자들은 기존의 보고와는 달리 그 크기가 5 cm 이상으로 큰 연부조직 육종으로 오인한 2예의 대퇴부에 발생한 결절성 근막염을 치험하였다. 그 중 1예는 임상적으로 뿐 아니라 조직학적으로까지 연부조직 육종으로 오인하였으나 외부의 숙련된 병리학자들의 도움으로 결절성 근막염으로 최종 진단되었으며, 2예 모두 2년 추시관찰에서 재발의 증거가 없었다. 저자들의 예들처럼 그 크기가 일반적인 것과는 달리 5 cm 이상으로 큰 종괴성 병변인 경우에는 연부조직 육종의 감별 진단으로서 매우 중요하기에, 대퇴부에 발생한 2예의 결절성 근막염을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 1977

The author attempted to observed the histological changes of the temporomandibular joints of rabbits by including malocclusion. Thirth-two healthy male rabbits were devided into two groups; control and experimental group. Eight rabbits were kept as control group, while metal crowns were seated on unilateral lower molar teeth of twenty-four rabbits as experimental group. And the interocclusal distance of the incisal edge was kept 1.5mm from the begining to the end of the experimental periods. Rabbits of each group, one of control group and three of the experimental gorup, were killed at the intervals of one day, three days, one week, two weeks, four weeks, six weeks, eight weeks, and twelve weeks after experiment. The temporomandibular joint including condyle head, articular disc and glenoid fossa were excised and decalcified. The decalcified sections were made histologic sections. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The regressive changes of the condylar head were the main reaction in this experiment that consist of decreasing or increasing thickness of the fibrocartilage zone with hyaline degeneration, decreasing of the cellularity of the proliferative zone, and the irregularity of the arrangement of chondrocytes and size of the lacunae of cartilage cells with chondroclasia and osteoclasia in hypertrophic zone. 2. The regressive changes of the condylar surface of the crown seated side were persisted to the end of the experiment. 3. On the non-crown seated side, severe aggressive changes occurred in initial stage, but hyperplastic changes of the condylar surface noted in the middle of the experimental periods. 4. Although aggressive changes occurred in initial stage of experiment on the non-crown seated side, hyperplastic changes of the condylar surface were noted in the middle of the experimental periods, and remodeling appeared at the termination of the experimental periods. 5. The articular disc exhibited pannus formation on both crown seated and non crown seated side from the beginning of the experiment. The pannus persisted throughout the experiment on the crown seated side, but on the non-crown seated side it disappeared from six week group.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.440-448
• /
• 1996

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are uncommon, constituting approximately 3-5% of all primary lung cancers. Classification of these tumors has evolved substantially as our understanding of the cellular, biologic, and clinical aspects of these neoplasms has improved. Initially, bronchial carcinoids were thought to be benign and therefore were classified as bronchial adenomas. Currently, however, they are well recognized as having the potential for both local invasion and distant metastatic involvement. Consequently, carcinoid tumors are frankly malignant. Thus bronchial adenoma is a misnomer that should no longer be used for bronchial carcinoids. Most investigators currently favor classifying carcinoid tumors as a type of neuroendocrine neoplasm because of their potential to secrete a variety of chemical substances found in both the central nervous system and the epithelial cells of numerous organs. Bronchial carcinoids are usually characterized by a slow growth pattern and a low incidence of metastasis, and histologically conformed by the azurophil staining and the presence of the characteristic neurosecretary granule on electron microscopy. Atypical carcinoid tumor was first defined by Arrigoni et al, who proposed the following criteria for separation of atypical carcinoid from typical carcinoid tumor : 1) increased mitotic activity with 1 mitotic figure per 1-2 high power fields(or 5-10 mitoses /10 HPF), 2) nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and an abnormal nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, 3) areas of increased cellularity with disorganization of the architecture, and 4) tumor necrosis. In contrast, typical carcinoid tumor may have focal cytologic pleomorphism, but necrosis is absent and mitotic figures are rare. Recently we experienced a case of atypical bronchial carcinoid with multiple distant metastasis, so we report this case with a review of the literature.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2008

Urothelial carcinoma accounts for 90% of all the cases of bladder cancer. Although many cases can be easily managed by local excision, urothelial carcinoma rather frequently recurs, tends to progress to muscle invasion, and requires regular follow-ups. Urine cytology is a main approach for the follow-up of bladder tumors. It is noninvasive, but it has low sensitivity of around 50% with using the conventional cytospin preparation. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been developed as a replacement for the conventional technique. We compared the cytomorphometric parameters of $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ and cytospin preparation urine cytology to see whether there are definite differences between the two methods and which technique allows malignant cells to be more effectively discriminated from benign cells. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio value, as measured by digital image analysis, was efficient for differentiating malignant and benign urothelial cells, and this was irrespective of the preparation method and the tumor grade. Neither the $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ nor the conventional preparation cytology was definitely superior for distinguishing malignant cells from benign cells by cytomorphometric analysis of the adequately preserved cells. However, the $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ preparation showed significant advantages when considering the better preservation and cellularity with a clear background.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2009

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and topiramate (TPM) is one of the most effective drugs that can render patients seizure-free. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the immunological safety of TPM in a mouse model. We examined the in vitro effect of TPM on immune functions of BV2 microglial cells, RAW 264.7 macrophages, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. We also examined the in vivo effect of TPM on mouse immune organs, such as lymph node, spleen, and thymus. When cells were directly treated with TPM at concentrations from 1 to $30{\mu}g/ml$, TPM did not affect nitrite production by BV2 cells and macrophages, proliferation of B cells and T cells, or maturation of dendritic cells. In addition, TPM did not change the weight and cellularity of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus in vivo at doses from 3 to 100 mg/kg injected i.p. into mice once a day for 4 consecutive days. These data showed that TPM, which is widely used as an anti-epileptic drug, is immunologically safe.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.140-148
• /
• 2017

Hyperlipidemia, which is closely associated with a fatty diet and aging, is commonly observed in the western and aged society. Therefore, a novel therapeutic approach for this disease is critical, and an immunological view has been suggested as a novel strategy, because hyperlipidemia is closely associated with inflammation and immune dysfunction. In this study, the effects of an aqueous extract of Rubus occidentalis (RO) in obese mice were investigated using immunological indexes. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia, which was confirmed by biochemical analysis and examination of the mouse physiology. Two different doses of RO and rosuvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor used as a control, were orally administered. Disturbances in immune cellularity as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were significantly normalized by oral administration of RO, which also decreased the elevated serum tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ level and total cholesterol. The specific immune-related actions of RO comprised considerable improvement in cytotoxic T cell killing functions and regulation of antibody production to within the normal range. The immunological evidence confirms the significant cholesterol-lowering effect of RO, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and associated immune decline.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2011

고자장 실험용 자기공명영상장치를 이용하여 인간의 췌장암 세포를 이종 이식한 쥐에서 확산강조영상을 획득하였으며, 동물 실험에서 밝혀진 종양특성과 비교 분석을 하여 보고 현성확산계수영상이 췌장암 이종 이식 모형의 종양세포의 내부 구조에 관하여 비교 분석하고자 한다. 무모 생쥐 13마리에 각각 2개의 종양을 전형적으로 이식한 뒤, 종양의 직경이 5~10 mm를 성장하였을 때 영상화하였다. 7.0T 자기공명영상장치(Bruker, BioSpin, GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany)를 사용하여 T2강조 영상을 얻었다, 확산강조영상은 single-shot EPI sequence 사용하여 b값을 0, 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000 $sec/mm^2$로 증가하면서 영상을 획득하였다. 종양은 H&E 염색과 CD-31의 면역화학염색을 이용하여 종양의 세포밀도와 미세혈관 밀도, 종양 내 괴사 정도를 평가하였다. 암 세포주에 대하여 연속함수간의 연관성 검사는 스피어만 순위 상관계수(Spearman Rank correlation statistic)를 사용하였으며 연속변수간의 선형 관계성 여부를 구하기 위해 regression model을 적용하였다. 췌장암 세포주의 현성확산계수는 평균 $0.7327{\times}10^{-3}$ $mm^2/s$ 표준편차 $0.1075{\times}10^{-3}$ $mm^2/s$였으며, T2영상의 신호강도는 평균 624,656, 표준편차 62,608.5로 나타났다. 췌장암 세포주의 조직학적 분석의 결과 고배율 사진에서 세포의 개수는 평균 122개, 미세혈관밀도는 평균 18개, 종양의 괴사정도는 26.5%였다. 현성확산계수와 종양내의 괴사정도와의 상관계수가 유의한 관계를 나타냈다(R = 0.7417, p < 0.01). 이와 같이 고자장 실험용 자기공명영상장치를 이용한 췌장암 세포주 이종 이식 쥐의 확산강조영상에서 현성확산계수는 종양 내괴사 정도 등의 현미경적 구조 변화를 반영하는 대리인자로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.