• 한국균학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.253-257
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• 1991

담자균효모와 관련분류를 균주의 균체당조성(菌體糖組成)을 수식없이 원래 상태로 분석할 수 있는 HPLC법을 사용하여 분석하였다. Leucosporidium lari-marini는 균체당 xylose를 함유하고 있으나 Leucosporidium antarcticum, Leucosporidium scottii, Leucosporidium fellii, Rhodosporidium fluviale는 균체당 xylose를 함유하지 않았다. Leucosporidium scottii에서 종래 xylose 함유가 보고된 균주에서 xylose를 확인할 수 없었다 . 균체당 조성에 기초한 수리분석결과와 다른 성질을 함께 고려하면 L.antarcticum과 L. antarcticum과 L. lari-marini는 Cystofilobasidium속이나 Mrakia속에 이적되어야 함이 시사되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1968

The effect of gamma-ray on yeast cells Sacch. cerevisiae, and the leakage of cellular constituents such as carbohydrates, ribose, amino acids, inorganic phosphates and organic phosphates have been studied. The samples of yeast cells washed throughly and starved intensively, radiation effects were compared with those of control (un-starved), the irradiation dose rates are in the range from 24 Kr. up. to 480, Kr. The loss of 260m$\mu$. absorbing material, are also observed. Mechanisms of membrane damage by gamma-irradiation are discussed corelating to permeability changes and loss of substances, then active and passive transport process are also under considerations in discussion. The experimental results are as follows, 1. Carbohydrates of yeast cell leak out by gamma-irradiation, and amounts of loss increase proportionally as the increasing of radiation dose, curve of carbohydrates loss in starved cells is parallel with those of non-starved cells. 2. Ribose leak out less than that of carbohydrate from irradiated cell, the dose response curve of loss is straight and proportional to the increasing of radiation doses, slope of the curve is much lower than of carbohydrates. 3. Amino acids also leak out and the curve of losses to radiation is not proportional, it is revealed that there are little losses from yeast at lower doses of irradiation. 4. The losses of inorganic phosphates increase unproportionally to the increasing of irradiation doses, there are little leakage at the lower doses of irradiation. The losses of organic phosphates increase proportionally to the increasing of irradiation doses, and the amount of losses are much more than that of inorganic phosphate at lower doses of irradiation. 5. Leakage from irradiated yeast cells was shown to be due to passive transport process not an energy requiring process of ion transport. 6. Loss of 260 m$\mu$. absorbing material is little more than that of control yeast by the gamma-irradiation dose of 120K.r. and 240K.r.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.193-202
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• 1982

검정 공팡이의 분화에 따른 균체내의 총 탄수화물 및 trehalose의 함량변화를 연구하였다. 검정 곰팡이를 Czapeck-Dox액체배지로서 진탕배양과 정치배양법에 의해 배양하여 검정 곰팡이의 각 분화과정에서의 균체내의 총 탄수화물 및 trehalose함량을 Trevelyan및 Harison(1955)의 탄수화물분화 및 정량법에 의해 측정하였다. 검정 곰팡이가 포자를 형성할 때에 총 탄수화물의 양이 증가하였고 trehalose는 특히 포자형성 직전에 극적으로 증가하였다. 또한 배지내의 성분함량의 결핍에 따른 탄수화물량의 변화를 연구하기 위해 본 실험에 사용된 Czapeck-Dox 배지내의 질소원, 인산원, glucose 등의 함량의 제한시 검정 곰팡이 분화과정의 각 단체에서의 탄수화물 및 trehalose함량 변화를 실험하였다. 질소원의 함량을 제한할 때, 총 탄수화물과 trehalose양이 기본 배지에서 배양했을 때보다 증가하였다. 인산원 제한시도 총 탄수화물과 trehalose양이 증가하였으나, 질소원 제한 배지에서 배양했을 때 보다는 뚜렷하지 못했다. 굴루코즈 함량제한시는 총 탄수화물 및 trehalose양의 변동을 관찰할 수 없었다. 이들 총 탄수화물 및 trehalose의 함량변동은 검정 곰팡이의 분화와 관련성이 있는 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.69-70
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• 2001

Lectins have great potential as to determine the alternation of the distribution of cell surface carbohydrates during cellular development and differentiation. Here, we investigated the presence and distribution of cell surface carbohydrates on chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) during the migration and gonadal stages using a variety of lectins. A total of six FITC-labelled lectins from several specificity classes were used: ConA (glucose/mannose), WGA (N-acetylglucosamine), STA (N-acetylglucosamine), DBA (N-acetylgalactosamine/galactose), UEA-I (fucose) and PHA-E (oilgosaccharide). As a results, PGC-specific binding was observed in STA. PGCs of migration stage (2.5- and 5.5-day embyos) were STA-positive whereas PGCs of 10-day embryonic gonad were not. The results suggest that N-acetylglucosamine residuse are present specifically in migrating chicken PGCs and changes during development.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2009

Heteropolysaccharides isolated from liquid cultures of nine Tremella species contained 0.3 to 1.2% protein, 2.7 to 5% ash, 0.9 to 3.4% acetyl groups, 76.5 to 84.2% carbohydrates and trace amounts of starch. The polysaccharides in aqueous solution were slightly acidic (pH 5.1 to 5.6). They consisted of the following monomeric sugars: fucose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid. The backbones of the polysaccharide structures consisted of $\alpha$-(1$\rightarrow$3)-links while the side chains were $\beta$-linked.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.235.1-235.1
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• 2003

The abundance of carbohydrates in nature with diverse roles in biological systems makes them a subject of considerable interest. They exhibit biological effects. ranging from cellular regulation to the selective inhibition of enzymes with key roles in living organisms. A wide range of carbocyclic polyhydroxyls has significant therapeutic effects, examples of which include cyclohexane hexitols, such as inositols, and pseudo-sugars, such as cyclophellitol and valienamine. (omitted)

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

The skeletal muscle in our body is a major site for bioenergetics and metabolism during exercise. Carbohydrates and fats are the primary nutrients that provide the necessary energy required to maintain cellular activities during exercise. The metabolic responses to exercise in glucose and lipid regulation depend on the intensity and duration of exercise. Because of the increasing prevalence of obesity, recent studies have focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Accumulation of intramyocellular lipid may lead to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In addition, lipid intermediates (e.g., fatty acyl-coenzyme A, diacylglycerol, and ceramide) impair insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Recently, emerging evidence linking obesity-induced insulin resistance to excessive lipid oxidation, mitochondrial overload, and mitochondrial oxidative stress have been provided with mitochondrial function. This review will provide a brief comprehensive summary on exercise and skeletal muscle metabolism, and discuss the potential mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2008

In order to investigate whether the particles reduced to almost nano grade might affect the chemical and physical properties of organic materials, whole Korean Black-Red Ginseng was pulverized into almost nano size and then ginsenosides, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the ultrafine particles were compared with those in the regular particles as control. The mean size of the ultrafine particles was in the 350 nm range, while that of the regular particles was $127{\mu}m$. More ginsenosides, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were detected in the ultrafine particles than in the regular particles. Interestingly, more lipids from the ultrafine particles dissolved in the water than those from the regular particles in the ethanol. Absorption and transport of carbohydrate, lipid or antioxidant activity across the intestinal wall using everted intestine sacks of mice was also enhanced by particle size reduction at the almost nano scale. More cytotoxic effect against hepatoma cell growth by ultrafine particles was also found. These results could be used as the basic data for the understanding and evaluation of the effects of organic nanomaterials on the human health.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1438-1445
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• 2021

A bifunctional glycoside hydrolase GH78 from the ascomycete Xylaria polymorpha (XpoGH78) possesses catalytic versatility towards both glycosides and esters, which may be advantageous for the efficient degradation of the plant cell-wall complex that contains both diverse sugar residues and esterified structures. The contribution of XpoGH78 to the conversion of lignocellulosic materials without any chemical pretreatment to release the water-soluble aromatic fragments, carbohydrates, and methanol was studied. The disintegrating effect of enzymatic lignocellulose treatment can be significantly improved by using different kinds of hydrolases and phenoloxidases. The considerable changes in low (3 kDa), medium (30 kDa), and high (> 200 kDa) aromatic fragments were observed after the treatment with XpoGH78 alone or with this potent cocktail. Synergistic conversion of rape straw also resulted in a release of 17.3 mg of total carbohydrates (e.g., arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose) per gram of substrate after incubating for 72 h. Moreover, the treatment of rape straw with XpoGH78 led to a marginal methanol release of approximately 17 ㎍/g and improved to 270 ㎍/g by cooperation with the above accessory enzymes. In the case of beech wood conversion, the combined catalysis by XpoGH78 and laccase caused an effect comparable with that of fungal strain X. polymorpha in woody cultures concerning the liberation of aromatic lignocellulose fragments.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

The glycome consists of all glycans (or carbohydrates) within a biological system, and modulates a wide range of important biological activities, from protein folding to cellular communications. The mining of the glycome for disease markers represents a new paradigm for biomarker discovery; however, this effort is severely complicated by the vast complexity and structural diversity of glycans. This review summarizes recent developments in analytical technology and methodology as applied to the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics. Mass spectrometric strategies for glycan compositional profiling are described, as are potential refinements which allow structure-specific profiling. Analytical methods that can discern protein glycosylation at a specific site of modification are also discussed in detail. Biomarker discovery applications are shown at each level of analysis, highlighting the key role that glycoscience can play in helping scientists understand disease biology.