• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2019

Ultra-low latency control is one of the characteristics of 5G cellular network services, which means that the control loop is handled in milliseconds. To achieve this, it is necessary to identify time delay factors that occur in all components related to CPS control loop, including new 5G cellular network elements such as MEC, and to optimize CPS control loop in real time. In this paper, a novel CPS architecture for ultra-low latency control of CPS is designed. We first define the ultra-low latency characteristics of CPS and the CPS concept model, and then propose the design of the control loop performance monitor (CLPM) to manage the timing information of CPS control loop. Finally, a case study of MEC-based implementation of ultra-low latency CPS reviews the feasibility of future applications.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

In this paper, we study a wireless cellular network design problem. It consists of selecting the location of the base station controllers and mobile service switching centres, selecting their types, designing the network into a tree-topology, and selecting the link types, while considering the location and the demand of base transceiver stations. We propose a constraint programming model and develop a heuristic combining local search and constraint programming techniques to find very good solutions in a reasonable amount of time for this category of problem. Numerical results show that our approach, on average, improves the results from the literature.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1415-1423
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• 2016

Interference in device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular network needs to be elaborately investigated because of channel sharing. The objective is to improve the quality of D2D communications while maintaining high performance for cellular users. In this paper, we solve the above problem by jointly considering channel allocation and power control using coalition formation game. Our cooperative game theoric approach allows to enhance network-wide performance. We design a merge-and-split algorithm to deal with the complexity of the combinatorial structure in coalition formation problem. The analytical and numerical results show that our algorithm converges to a stable point which achieves high network performance.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Design of location erea(LA) in a cellular network is to partition the network into clusters of cells so as to minimize the cost of location updating and paging. Most research works dealing with the LA design problem assume that the call. arrival rate and mobile flow rate are fixed parameters which can be estimated independently. In this aspect, most Problems addressed so far are deterministic LA design problems(DLADP), known to be NP hard. The mobile flow and call arrival rate are, however, varying with time and should be treated simultaneously because the call arrival rate in a cell during a day is influenced by the change of a population size of the cell. This Paper Presents a new model on IA design problems considering the time-dependent call arrival and mobile flow rate. The new model becomes a stochastic LA design problem(SLADP) because It takes into account the possibility of paging waiting and blocking caused by the changing call arrival rate and finite paging capacity. Un order to obtain the optimal solution of the LA design problem, the SIADP is transformed Into the DLADP by introducing the utilization factor of paging channels and the problem is solved iteratively until the required paging quality is satisfied. Finally, an illustrative example reflecting the metropolitan area, Seoul, is provided and the optimal partitions of a cell structure are presented.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.462-483
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• 2016

The research on optimization of cellular network's energy efficiency (EE) towards environmental and economic sustainability has attracted increasing attention recently. In this survey, we discuss the opportunities, trends and challenges of this challenging topic. Two major contributions are presented namely 1) survey of proposed energy efficiency metrics; 2) survey of proposed energy efficient solutions. We provide a broad overview of the state of-the-art energy efficient methods covering base station (BS) hardware design, network planning and deployment, and network management and operation stages. In order to further understand how EE is assessed and improved through the heterogeneous network (HetNet), BS's energy-awareness and several typical HetNet deployment scenarios such as macrocell-microcell and macrocell-picocell are presented. The analysis of different HetNet deployment scenarios gives insights towards a successful deployment of energy efficient cellular networks.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2008

제한된 주파수 범위 내에서 무선통신에 대한 수요증가에 따라 중계소 설치 및 채널할당 문제가 갈수록 중요시되고 있다. 최소한의 주파수 범위를 가지고 간접이 없는 채널을 할당하는 문제는 NP-hard 문제이다. 다중계층 셀룰러 네트워크는 무선통신의 수요가 늘어나고, 서비스 질 향상 요구의 증가에 따라 주목받고 있는 설계 방법이다. 다중계층 셀룰러 네트워크는 큰 도시에 적용되는 방법으로서 소비자의 이동속도에 따라 서로 다른 계층에서 관리하고 소비자에게 안정된 서비스를 제공한다. 본 논문의 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 다중계층 설계는 지존의 2계층 방식과 달리 3계층(macro, micro, pico) 방법을 적용하며, EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility Constraints)를 적응하여 현실성을 더욱 증가하였다. 후보지 선정 개수는 $15{\sim}40$개까지 적응하며, 72개의 데이터를 적용하여 알고리즘을 실험하여 수요자 수를 총 수요의 90%이상으로 끌어 올려 현실성을 강화시켰다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.539-545
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• 2016

이 논문에서는 단말 간 직접 통신(Device-to-Device: D2D) 링크가 있는 셀룰러 망 안에서 증폭 후 전달 (Amplify-and- Forward: AF) 방식의 조력국을 사용하여 D2D 전송률을 높이고 D2D 단말기가 셀룰러 망에 미치는 간섭을 제어하는 방법을 제안한다. 전체 시스템의 quality-of-service (QoS)를 높이기 위해 두 가지 방법으로 조력국을 설계한다. 첫 번째는 D2D 단말기가 셀룰러 망에 미치는 간섭을 제한하면서 최저 D2D 전송률을 최대화하는 문제이고, 두 번째는 이것의 dual 문제인 각 D2D 단말기의 최소 전송률을 보장하면서 D2D 단말기가 셀룰러망에 미치는 간섭을 최소화하는 문제이다. 또한, 이 문제들은 semi-definite programming (SDP) 문제로 바뀔 수 있음을 보인다. 실험 결과에서는 AF 조력국이 시스템의 성능을 획기적으로 향상시킬 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권12A호
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• pp.1868-1875
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• 1999

무선 망에서 단말기를 호출하기 위한 일차 페이징 지역인 LAI 의 설계는 페이징 채널의 트래픽 생성과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이 논문에서는 페이징 채널을 통과하는 호 제어 및 부가 기능 메시지를 통해 IS-95 CDMA 표준에 따른 페이징 채널이 용량을 실제 운용 상황에서 발생하는 트래픽 자료를 바탕으로 분석하고자 한다. 이 분석은 페이징 채널이 처리할 수 있는 LAI 의 적정 용량(Engineered Capacity)을 통하여, 기지제어국 및 기지국 시스템의 용량에 따른 망 계획의 중요한 기준을 제공한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.990-994
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• 2000

The design of LAI(Local Area Identifier), the first paging area for searching the mobile terminal has a close relation with the performance of paging channel in CDMA cellular network. This paper discusses the performance of the forward channel of IS-95 CDMA standard, known as the paging through the related messages such as call control message, channel assignment message. Modeling and simulation work were conducted to quantify the performance of paging channel in terms of traffic handling capacity and blocking levels. This result serves as illustrative guidelines for the proper engineering of common control channel, which has a major impact on the overall performance of cellular network.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2009

This paper describes a robust mobile u-healthcare system with multiple physiological signs measurement capability in real time with integration of WSN(wireless sensor network) technology and CDMA(code division multiple access) network. A cellular phone receives health data in WSN and performs local physiological signs analysis at a phone processor, and then transmits abnormal data to server for further detail or precise health signal evaluation by a medical doctor over a CDMA network. Physiological signs of the patients are continuously monitored, processed and analyzed locally at cellular phone process to produce useful medical information for diagnosis and tracking purposes. By local simple analysis in cellular phone processor we can save the data transmission cost in CDMA network. By using the developed integrate ubiquitous healthcare service architecture, patients can realize self-health checking so that the prevention actions can be taken earlier. Appropriate self-monitoring and self-management can cure disease and relieve pain especially for patients who suffer from chronic diseases that need long term observation.