• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2005

The effects of transformation capacity on cometabolic degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) were evaluated using TCE-degrading actinomycetes pure and mixed culture under various culture conditions. The TCE transformation capacity of the actinomycetes enrichment culture in a batch test with phenol addition was 1.0 mg of TCE/mg of volatile suspended solids (VSS). The resting cell TCE transformation capacity of the actinomycetes pure culture cell was 0.75 mg TCE/mg VSS, which increased to 2.0 mg TCE/mg VSS when phenol was added as an external substrate. When the pure culture had an internal substrate in the form of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) at 19% of the cell mass, the resting cell TCE transformation capacity increased from 0.47 to 0.6 mg TCE/mg VSS. The presence of PHB increased transformation capacity by 57%, whereas, the addition of phenol caused more than two fold increase in transformation capacity. The actinomycetes culture showed the highest transformation capacity.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

To identify nongenotoxic carcinogen determined as negative by ICH guideline-recommended standard genotoxicity test battery; Ames test, chromosome aberration assay, mouse lymphoma $tk^{+/-}$ assay, in vivo micronucleus assay, we picked bisphenol A as a model compound. In this study, we applied in vitro BalB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay and Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transfarmation assay. Bisphenol A was treated upto $769.2 ug/m{\ell}$ in BalB/c 3T3 cells and upto $125 ug/m{\ell}$ in SHE cells. bisphenol A didn't induced morphological transformation both with one stage treatment protocol and with two stage treatment protocol. But, treated far 48 hr, Bisphenol A induced morphological transformation significantly in SHE cells.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Mushroom transformation requires a series of experimental steps, including generation of host strains with a desirable selective marker, design of vector DNA, removal of host cell wall, introduction of foreign DNA across the cell membrane, and integration into host genomic DNA or maintenance of an autonomous vector DNA inside the host cell. This review introduces limitations and obstacles related to transformation technologies along with possible solutions. Current methods for cell wall removal and cell membrane permeabilization are summarized together with details of two popular technologies, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and restriction enzyme-mediated integration.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1996

Aragonite is one of polymorphs of calcium carbonate of which main form is calcite. We found that white precipitate is formed in much amount by boiling underwater of Inchon, Korea and confirmed that it is aragonite. This study is to evaluate the dimensional characteristics, solubility, acid resistance of aragonite and the cytotoxicity, cell division disturbance and cell transforming ability of it on BALB/3T3 cells. The results are as follows: Lengths of the aragonite were reduced to the 72.7% and 22.7% respectively after 5 months and 7 months of intrapleurai injection to the Sprague-Dawley rat. Strong acid such as 1M HCl dissolved the aragonite instantly but weaker acid pH 2.0 or more could not dissolved aragonite easily. The result of cell growth inhibition showed that cell numbers were decreased as log-doses of treatment of the aragonite were increased 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours later. Cell plating efficiency after the aragonite treatment also showed dose-dependent decrease. Multinuclear giant cell formation was increased in the aragonite treated cells until ID$_{50}$ and after the dose the multinucleate cells were decreased, but remained much higher than negative control cells. Morphological transformation assay showed that the aragonite did not induce transformation in all treated doses.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 1983

The penicillin resistant plasmid DNA was prepared from Streptomyces bobili YS-40, producing penicillinase, by the phenol extraction method and introduced into Bocillus subtilis IAM 12118 by the transformation procedure of Mahler method. The optimal pH and temperature on the transformation was 7.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. Above 20 minutes contact of plasmid DNA and recipient cell was shown the high transformation frequency. The transformant of penicillin resistance was proportionally increased as increase of the DNA concentration. The addition of lysine in transformation system increased the transformation frequency about 6-fold and the addition of the chloramphenicol did not affect the transformation frequency.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1059-1061
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• 2010

Mature cystic teratoma is a common ovarian lesion, approximately 10-20% of ovarian tumor. However, it can undergo a malignant transformation, but incidence of malignant transformation is very low. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant transformation in the mature cystic teratoma. Preoperative diagnosis of malignant transformation in the mature cystic teratoma is very difficult, because malignant transformed tissues are very small in the mature cystic teratoma components. And so most of the carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma were diagnosed after histologic examination. We experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the mature cystic teratoma of the ovary and report a case with a brief review of the literatures.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.257-260
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• 1997

Adenoviruses are icosahedral virions containing double-stranded linea DNA. They are 70 nm to 90 nm in diameter and capsid is composed of 252 capsomeres. Several members of this group, including types commonly associated with respiratory disease in man, are capable of producing malignant tumors in young hamsters and a few types have been shown to be oncogenic in young rat. Previous report involving effect of caffein on transformation induced by Adenovirus type 12 [9] has been carried out. The present report represents a continuation of previous study. To obtain evidence concerning the effect of MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroguanidine) on transformation, investigation of adenovirus type 12 of this group was undertaken. For practical consideration it was desirable to investigate the effect of MNNG on the adenovirus type 12 induced transformation in L cell. Results were as following 1. Adeno virus type 12 induced transformation was enhanced in the presence of MNNG. 2. Yields of adeno type 12 virus in L cell were slightly inhibited by treatment of MNNG.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2000

A crystallographic unit cell can be transformed into another one by a 3×3 transformantion matrix. If the determinant of the transformation matrix has a negative value, the newly transformed unit cell becomes a left-handed cell. The best way of transforming the left-handed cell to the right-handed one is to multiply each element of the transformation matrix by-1, and its corresponding transformation matrix must be applied tot he atomic coordinates of a noncentrosymmetric crystal so as to maintain the absolute configuration unchanged. The behaviour of absolute configuration caused by transforming the crystallographic unit cell was examined theoretically and experimentally on the compound (S)-(+)-4-phenyl-1-[4-aminobenzoyl) indoline-5-sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-2-imidazolone hydrochloride.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1165-1168
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate the incidence of malignant transformation and P53 and P16 expression in teratomatous skin of ovarian mature cystic teratoma. Materials and Methods: Data on ovarian teratoma specimens in nearly 10 years were reviewed. P53 and P16 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in 25 cases of teratomatous skin of ovarian mature cystic teratoma, 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma originated from teratomatous skin. Results: Of 1913 cases of ovarian mature cystic teratoma in nearly 10 years, only two cases of squamous cell carcinoma were found in teratomatous skin, with malignant transformation rate of 0.1045%. P53 expression was detected in 2 cases squamous cell carcinoma originated from teratomatous skin and P16 overexpression in one. There were no expressions of P53 and P16 in 25 cases of teratomatous skin of ovarian mature cystic teratoma. Of 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma P53 overexpression (positive rate of 55%) was detected in 11 cases, P16 overexpression (positive rate of 35%) in 7 cases. The positive rates of P53 and P16 expression in squamous cell carcinomas were significantly higher than that in the teratomatous skins (p< 0.001, p= 0.002). Conclusions: There was low risk of malignant transformation in teratomatous skin of ovarian mature cystic teratoma which can be explained by lower P53 and P16 expressionin teratomas than that in squamous cell carcinoma.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1999

In order to know the inhibitory effect of magnesium carbonate(MgCO3) on cytotoxicity, DNA damage, mutagenicity, and cell transforming ability of nickel subsulfide, the inhibition of cell proliferation, DNA-protein crosslinks formation (DPC), HGPRT point mutation, and cell transformation were evaluated. Nickel subsulfide(Ni3S2) and magnesium carbonate as insoluble compounds were used for this study. BALB/3T3 cell, CHO-K1 cell, and C3H10T1/2 cell were used in this experiment. Exposure concentration of nickel subsulfide was 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The concentrations of magnesium carbonate in this study were 0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 2.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and the molar ratio of magnesium to nickel when exposed simultanously were 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 respectively. The results were as follows; 1. Magnesium carbonate reduced the inhibitory effect of nickel subsulfide on cell proliferation. 2. Magnesium carbonate also reduced the effect of nickel subsulfide on DNA-protein crosslinks formation. 3. HGPRT point mutagenicity of nickel subsulfide was reduced when magnesium carbonate treated simultaneously. 4. Magnesium carbonate reduced cell transforming ability of nickel subsulfide. Conclusively, nickel subsulfide showed cytotoxicity, cell transforming ability, and mutagenicity strongly and magnesium carbonate may have protective roles in these nickel effects.