• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5543-5552
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• 2013

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a complex multi-step process involving progressive disruption of homeostatic mechanisms controlling intestinal epithelial proliferation/inflammation, differentiation, and programmed cell death, is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. A number of promising targets such as inducible nitric acid (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin, Notch and apoptotic signaling have been identified by researchers as useful targets to prevent or therapeutically inhibit colon cancer development. In this review article, we aimed to explore the current targets available to eliminate colon cancer with an update of dietary and non-nutritional compounds that could be of potential use for interaction with regulatory molecules to prevent CRC.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2011

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ion (MPP$^+$) have been shown to induce Parkinson's disease-like symptoms as well as neurotoxicity in humans and animal species. Recently, we reported that maintenance of redox balance and cellular defense against oxidative damage are primary functions of the novel antioxidant enzyme cytosolic NADP$^+$-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc). In this study, we examined the role of IDPc in cellular defense against MPP$^+$-induced oxidative injury using PC12 cells transfected with IDPc small interfering RNA (siRNA). Our results demonstrate that MPP$^+$-mediated disruption of cellular redox status, oxidative damage to cells, and apoptotic cell death were significantly enhanced by knockdown of IDPc.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2020

Extranodal lymphoma presents in almost one-third of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. The gastrointestinal tract, skin, and central nervous system are common sites of involvement, whereas the urethra and cervix are very rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on concurrent extranodal involvement of the uterine cervix and urethra. We report imaging findings of malignant lymphoma involving urethra and cervix concurrently in a 79-year-old female patient with literature review. The magnetic resonance imaging showed huge intermediate to high signal intensity mass on T2 weighted images and strong homogeneous enhancement in uterine cervix and periurethral area, but no surrounding architectural disruption.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2002년도 제9회 학술 발표회 프로그램과 논문초록
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• pp.28-28
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• 2002

Peptidoglycan is an extensively cross-linked polymer essential for the integrity of the bacterial cell wall. Many antibiotics act by disruption of its biosynthesis and assembly, several are targeted against the cytoplasmic enzymes that synthesize the key intermediate UDP-N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide. One such drug is fosfomycin, which inactivates the first enzymes in this pathway, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enopyruvyl transferase (murZ).(omitted)

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.119.2-119.2
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• 2012

Charged particle energization is an outstanding problem in space physics. This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of Alfve'n-cyclotron waves accompanying particle heating processes and the drift Alfv'en-cyclotron (or EMIC) instability associated with a current disruption event on 29 January 2008 observed with THEMIS satellite by means of a particle-in-cell simulation. The simulation shows that the drift Alfv'en-cyclotron instabilities are excited in two regimes, a relatively low frequency mode propagating in a quasi-perpendicular direction while the second high-frequency branch propagating in a predominantly parallel propagation direction, which is consistent with observation as well as earlier theories. It is shown that parametric decay processes lead to an inverse cascade of Alfv'en-cyclotron waves and the generation of ion-acoustic waves by decay instability. It is also shown that the nonlinear decay processes are accompanied by small perpendicular heating and parallel cooling of the protons, and a pronounced parallel heating of the electrons.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2015

As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to persistently changing stresses and have to be able to interpret and respond to them. The stresses, drought, salinity, chemicals, cold and hot temperatures, and various pathogen attacks have interconnected effects on plants, resulting in the disruption of protein homeostasis. Maintenance of proteins in their functional native conformations and preventing aggregation of non-native proteins are important for cell survival under stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) functioning as molecular chaperones are the key components responsible for protein folding, assembly, translocation, and degradation under stress conditions and in many normal cellular processes. Plants respond to pathogen invasion using two different innate immune responses mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or resistance (R) proteins. HSPs play an indispensable role as molecular chaperones in the quality control of plasma membrane-resident PRRs and intracellular R proteins against potential invaders. Here, we specifically discuss the functional involvement of cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) HSPs/chaperones in plant immunity to obtain an integrated understanding of the immune responses in plant cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2014

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by the vascular remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, including formation of plexiform and concentric lesions comprised of proliferative vascular cells. Clinically, PAH leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure and subsequent right ventricular failure. Existing therapies have improved the outcome but mortality still remains exceedingly high. There is emerging evidence that the seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor APJ and its cognate endogenous ligand apelin are important in the maintenance of pulmonary vascular homeostasis through the targeting of critical mediators, such as Kr$\ddot{u}$ppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Disruption of this pathway plays a major part in the pathogenesis of PAH. Given its role in the maintenance of pulmonary vascular homeostasis, the apelin-APJ pathway is a potential target for PAH therapy. This review highlights the current state in the understanding of the apelin-APJ axis related to PAH and discusses the therapeutic potential of this signaling pathway as a novel paradigm of PAH therapy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2019

The expansion and folding of the cerebral cortex occur during brain development and are critical factors that influence cognitive ability and sensorimotor skills. The disruption of cortical growth and folding may cause neurological disorders, resulting in severe intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy in humans. Therefore, understanding the mechanism that regulates cortical growth and folding will be crucial in deciphering the key steps of brain development and finding new therapeutic targets for the congenital anomalies of the cerebral cortex. This review will start with a brief introduction describing the anatomy of the brain cortex, followed by a description of our understanding of the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitors and important genes and molecules that are involved in these processes. Finally, various types of disorders that develop due to malformation of the cerebral cortex will be discussed.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.413-416
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• 2022

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis or necroptosis. Ferroptosis is well characterized by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and disruption of cellular membrane integrity. Many metabolic alterations can prevent or accelerate ferroptosis induction. Recent advances in analytical techniques of mass spectrometry have allowed high-throughput analysis of metabolites known to be critical for understanding ferroptosis regulatory metabolism. In this review, we introduce mass spectrometry-based analytical methods contributing to recent discovery of various metabolic pathways regulating ferroptosis, focusing on cysteine metabolism, antioxidant metabolism, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

The CRISPR system has revolutionized gene editing field. Cas9-mediated gene editing such as Indel induction or HDR enable targeted gene disruption or precise correction of mutation. Moreover, CRISPR-based new editing tools have been developed such as base editors. In this review, we focus on gene editing in human pluripotent stem cells, which is principal technique for gene correction therapy and disease modeling. Pluripotent stem cell-specific drug YM155 enabled selection of target gene-edited pluripotent stem cells. Also, we discussed base editing for treatment of congenital retina disease. Adenine base editor delivery as RNP form provide an approach for genetic disease treatment with safe and precise in vivo gene correction.