• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2008

말차, 오룡차, 홍차 및 보이차로 제조한 음료가 Cd에 중독된 SD계 흰쥐의 해독에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 관능검사 결과 일반 물 추출물에 비하여 색상, 향, 맛에 대한 기호도가 현저하게 향상되었으며, 종합적 기호도는 오룡차 음료가 4.18점, 홍차음료가 4.14점으로 말차음료나 보이차 음료의 $3.74{\sim}3.88$점에 비하여 높았다. SD계 흰쥐를 정상군 (NC), Cd 대조군(Cd-Co), Cd투여 말차음료 15% 급여군 (Cd-Gt), Cd투여 오룡차음료 15% 급여군(Cd-Ot), Cd투여 홍차음료 15% 급여군(Cd-Bt) 및 Cd투여 보이차음료 15% 급여군 식이군(Cd-R)의 6군으로 구분하여 5주간 사육하였다. 차 음료 식이군의 체중증가량은 NC군에 미치지는 못하였으나 Cd에 의하여 감소된 현상을 상당히 개선하였다. 식이효율, 뇨량 및 분변량은 각 실험군간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Cd의 투여는 간과 신장의 중량, 경골의 중량 및 대퇴골의 길이를 감소시켰으나 차 음료의 섭취로 다소 개선되었다. 혈청 AST 및 ALT 활성은 모두 Cd 투여군에서 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 차 음료 급여군에서는 5%수준에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 대퇴골의 조회분 함량은 Cd-Co군에서 40.72%, Cd 투여-차 음료 급여군에서는 $35.31{\sim}37.02%$로 차음료의 급여에 의하여 5%수준에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 대퇴골의 조회분 함량은Cd-Co군에서 40.72%, Cd 투여-차 음료 급여군에서는 $35.3{\sim}37.02%$로 차음료의 급여에 의하여 유의적으로 감소하였다 대퇴골의 Cd함량은 NC군에서는 0.08 ppm이었으나 Cd-Co군은 123.28 ppm, 실험식이군에서는 $23.07{\sim}28.82 ppm$으로 차음료의 급여로 현저하게 감소하였으며, Ca 함량은 NC군에서 6700 ppm, Cd-Co군에서 3760 ppm, 실험식이군에서는 $4040{\sim}5420 ppm$이었다. 분변의 회분함량은 Cd-Bt군이 14.80%로 높았으나 기타 음료군은 Cd-Co군과의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 분변의 Cd 함량은 NC군 0.02 ppm, Cd-Co군 2.06ppm, 실험식이군 $4.38{\sim}5.35ppm$로 차 음료 급여군에서 높았으며, 이와 대조적으로 Ca함량은 차음료 급여군에서 낮았다. 이상의 실험결과, 말차, 오룡차, 홍차 및 보이차로 제조한 음료는 상호간의 뚜렷한 차이는 없으나 모두 섭취한 Cd를 체외로 배설시킴으로서 Cd에 의한 장기 손상을 경감시켜 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.176-180
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• 1996

In order to develop new bioactive functions ginseng extract, it was studies whether the ginseng extracts on the induction of immunological tolerance In mice. Oral immunologic tolerance was induced by the secondary exposure of egg albumin + alum following gastrointestinal exposure nth egg albumin In mice, and the effect on anti EA antibody in blood, 7 cell subset in spleen were Investigated. The results obtained were as follows. EA group and EA + GE group was capable of conferring tolerance, contained a profound for 5 weeks experimental but saline group restricted to induce tolerance. GE group did not show the activity of tolerance by the first immunogens exposure, but induced the tolerance by the secondary exposure. And also spleen T cells, CD 8+ and CD 4+ were decreased. These results suggested that ginseng may affect the induction of immunological tolerance, which may be associated proliferative response of CD 4+ and CD 8+ in splenocyte.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2001

Some of endocrine disruptors with sexual hormone-like effects have been increasingly reported to be immunotoxic in many species in recent several years. Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Prenatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) has been reported to impair the androgen-dependent development of the male reproductive tract in rat. Therefore, the immunomodulatory effect of DBP was investigated in the developing immune system of fetal and neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were given to the doses of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$ body weight /day by gavage once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18. On GD19 or GD22/postnatal day one (PD1), the dams were euthanized, and the changes in organ weights and thymus phenotypes were examined for their offsprings. At 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day in maternal exposure group, GD19 fetuses showed decreases in body weight. The spleen/body weight ratios were reduced in GD 19 fetuses from the dams exposed to 500 and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day. There were no significant changes in thymus and spleen cellularities though these cellularities showed a tendency to decrease in a dose dependent way. In the DBP-exsposed GD22/PD1 offsprings, the body weights, the relative organ weights and the cellularities did not exhibit alteration. Additionally, the percentages of CD3$^{+}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) and CD3$^{-}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) thymocyte subsets were not changed in any DBP-treated group. The proliferative responses of splenic T cells to Con A and B cells to LPS were decreased in all DBP-exposed GD22/PD1 offsprings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on antioxidative defense system of liver in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one control and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(OE-Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E-Cd group) or 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E-Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd$^2$$\^$+//kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4weeks. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) were decreased in cadmium injected groups but those were significantly improved by dietary vitamin I supplementations. Vitamin E contents reduced glutathione(GSH) in the live were decreased in cadmium injected groups, but we., not significantly different among three groups with different levels of vitamin E supplementations. Contents of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of 0E-Cd group were higher than those of 400E-Cd and 400E-Cd groups, but those were markedly alleviated according to vitamin E supplementations. These results indicate that cadmium poisoning in rats causes decreasing antioxidative defense system and increasing peroxidative damage in liver, however can be restored by vitamin E supplements. (Korean J Nutrition 33 (1) : 33-41, 2000)

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2011

Herbal medicine has a high body absorption rate when it ferments. Biological and clinical research on the fermented herb gradually increases because it has effective materials for the treatment of a disease and it is a little bitter. In this study, we investigated the effect of fermented Baedokhwanbalhyobang (BDHBH) on attenuation of the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice by evaluating the cytokine level in serum, the mRNA expression of cytokine and histological alteration of the skin, and the skin severity. We have come to the following conclusion. BDHBH led to a significant decrease in the skin severity score (63.1%) as compared to the control group. CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, B220+/CD23+, and CD11b+/Gr-1+cells of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the BDHBH-treated group were decreased to 6.7%, 31.1%, 22.4%, 36.6%, respectively. CD3+and CD11b+/Gr-1+immune cells in dorsal skin of the BDHBH-treated group were decreased to 52.9% and 28.0%. The levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in serum of the BDHBH-treated group were inhibited to 18.8% and 5.1%. The mRNA expressions of IL-5 and IL-13 in dorsal skin were also decreased to 30.6% and 27.8% after the treatment of BDHBH. BDHBH inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of eosinophils. In histological examination, BDHBH decreased the thickness of epidermis and dermis, and infilatration of mast cells as compared to the control group. These results indicate that BDHBH inhibits the pathogenic development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. These results may indicate that BDHBH attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions by lowering immune cells and inflammatory cytokine levels, and that it is valuable in drug development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Further experiments on the components of BDHBH will be needed to better understand the effect of a fermented herb as compared to a herb.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been used as a major treatment strategy for hematological malignancies. The number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product is a very important factor for achieving successful transplantation. We studied the factors that can predict the number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients after mobilizing them with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. A total of 73 patients (AML 19 patients, MM 28 patients, NHL 26 patients) with hematological malignancies had been mobilized with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor from April, 2000 to February, 2012. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1: CD34 cell counts < $2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=16); group 2: $2{\times}10^6/kg{\leq}CD34$ cell counts < $6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=32); group 3: CD34 cell counts ${\geq}6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=25). We analyzed the clinical characteristics, the peripheral blood (PB) parameters and the number of CD34 positive cells in the PB and their correlation with the yield of CD34 positive cells collected from the mobilized patients. The total number of leukapheresis sessions was 263 (mean: 3.55 session per patient), and the mean number of harvested CD34 positive cells per patient was $7.37{\times}10^6/kg$. The number of CD34 positive cells in product was significantly correlated with the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). The number of PB CD34 positive cells was the best significant factor for the quantity of harvested CD34 positive cells on the linear regression analysis (P<0.05). Many factors could influence the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells. Platelet count and PB CD34 positive cells count were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Therefore, the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for successful peripheral blood stem cell collection.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.56-73
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• 2002

Objective : We need to develop a new treatment method which can curve cancer growth and enhance immunity of patients with various kinds of cancer more safely and effectively, for conventional anticancer treatment has lots of problems to be overcomed, in other words, Its efficacy can be recognizible but it doesn't actually give aid to patients due to its side effects. This study was taken up to evaluate the anticancer and immune-enhancing effect of Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Alli bulbus, Oldenlandiae Herba(SAO) Herbal acupuncture. Methods : SAO Herbal acupuncture solution was made from Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Alli bulbus, Oldenlandiae Herba by decoction. Experimental group was divided into normal(N), control(TC, cancer group induced by S 180), high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group. In the high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group, SAO Herbal acupuncture solution was injected, on the left and right Chok-samni(足三里, ST36) of ICR-male S 180 rats alternatively, by 200mg/kg and 100mg/kg respectively. In vitro, S 180 was cultured with $200{\mu}g$ and $500{\mu}g$ of SAO Herbal acupuncture solution. In each experimental group, we examined the effect of SAO complex Herbal acupuncture on body weight, antitumor, organ weight, activity of macrophage, activity of B cell, spleen cell division, IL-2 production and population of lymphocytes. Results : 1. In Body weight, no significant change was shown, but In solid cancer weight, the high concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed signigicant(P<0.05) decrease and significant(P<0.05) increase in the weight of kidney, compared with control group. 2. In activity of macrophage, low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant(P<0.01) increase, but in vitro, there was no significant increase, compared with control group. 3. In activity of B cell, high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed no significant decrease, but in vitro, low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant(P<0.01) increase, compared with control group. 4. In spleen cell division, high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group had no significant influence on spleen cell division induced by Co A, meanwhile, it was found that macrophge promote spleen cell division in low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group(P<0.05), compared with control group. 5. In IL-2 production, high concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant((P<0.05) increase, compared with control group. 6. In population of lymphocytes, high concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant increase of CD3+(P<0.05), CD4+(P<0.05), CD3+ and CD4+ T cell(P<0.01) and B cell(P<0.05), while low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant increase of CD4+(P<0.05), CD8+ T cell(P<0.05) and B cell(P<0.01), compared with control group. Conclusion : SAO Herbal acupuncture inhibited cancer growth and enhanced immunity.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2014

Multilayered CdTe/PSS films were prepared by the electrostatic self-assembly method in an aqueous medium. Positively-charged cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles and anionic polyelectrolyte, poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) were assembled alternately in order to build up a multilayered film structure. A linear proportion of absorbance to the number of bilayers suggests that an equal amount of CdTe was adsorbed after each dipping cycle, which resulted in the buildup of a homogenous film. The binding energies of elements (Cd and Te) in multilayered CdTe/PSS film shifted from those of the CdTe nanoparticles in the pure state. This result indicates that the interfacial electron densities were redistributed by the strong electrostatic interaction between the oppositely-charged CdTe and PSS. Electrochemical properties of the multilayered CdTe/PSS films were studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry (CV).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4671-4673
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• 2013

Objectives: To study variation in T lymphocyte subgoups and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, NK and Treg cells in peripheral blood of NSCLC cases and healthy adults were determined by flow cytometry. Results: CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells in NSCLCs were decreased significantly in comparison with the control group (P < 0.01), and decreased with increase in the clinical stage of NSCLC, while CD8+ cells demonstrated no significant change (P > 0.05). Treg cells were significantly more frequent than in the control group (P < 0.01), and increased with the clinical stage of NSCLC. Conclusion: The cellular immune function of the NSCLC patients is lowered. It is important to detect change of T lymphocyte subgroups by flow cytometry for the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment of NSCLC patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Mominis Placenta herbal acupuncture solution(HP-HAS) on immune cells and cytokines in murine asthma model. In vivo C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA for 12 weeks. The experimental group was treated with Hominis Placenta herbal acupuncture solution(HP-HAS) at P'yesu(BL13) for the later 8 weeks(3 times a week) and analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometer. The results were obtained as follows Eosinophils in BALF(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) of HP-HAS group decreased significantly compared with that of control group. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF of HP-HAS group decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Number of $CD3e^-/CCR3^+$, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in the HP-HAS group decreased compared with that of control group.