• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

Degradation of glucose is aberrantly increased in hyperglycemia, which causes various harmful effects on the liver. Methylglyoxal is produced during glucose degradation and the levels of methylglyoxal are increased in diabetes patients. In this study we investigated whether methylglyoxal induces mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis in HepG2 cells and induces liver toxicity in vivo. Methylglyoxal caused apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. Moreover, methylglyoxal significantly promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depleted glutathione (GSH) content. Pretreatment with antioxidants caused a marked decrease in methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis, indicating that oxidant species are involved in the apoptotic process. Methylglyoxal treatment induced mitochondrial permeability transition, which represents mitochondrial impairment. However, pretreatment with cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the formation of the permeability transition pore, partially inhibited methylglyoxal-induced cell death. Furthermore, acute treatment of mice with methylglyoxal increased the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), indicating liver toxicity. Collectively, our results showed that methylglyoxal increases cell death and induces liver toxicity, which results from ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.446-451
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• 2005

Diap1 is an essential Drosophila cell death regulator that binds to caspases and inhibits their activity. Reaper, Grim and Hid each antagonize Diap1 by binding to its BIR domain, activating the caspases and eventually causing cell death. Reaper and Hid induce cell death in a Ring-dependent manner by stimulating Diap1 auto-ubiquitination and degradation. It was not clear that how Grim causes the ubiquitination and degradation of Diap1 in Grim-dependent cell death. We found that Grim stimulates poly-ubiquitination of Diap1 in the presence of UbcD1 and that it binds to UbcD1 in a GST pull-down assay, so presumably promoting Diap1 degradation. The possibility that dBruce is another E2 interacting with Diap1 was examined. The UBC domain of dBruce slightly stimulated poly-ubiquitination of Diap1 in Drosophila extracts but not in the reconstitution assay. However Grim did not stimulate Diap1 poly-ubiquitination in the presence of the UBC domain of dBruce. Taken together, these results suggest that Grim stimulates the poly-ubiquitination and presumably degradation of Diap1 in a novel way by binding to UbcD1 but not to the UBC domain of dBruce as an E2.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 1969

Lung homotransplantation was performed in 15 pairs of dog. Methotrexate and R.E.S. blocking were used to prolong the survival time. Details of handling the transplant, operative technique and management of the recipient were discussed and following results were obtained: 1]. 7 dogs out of 15 dogs of homotransplantation of lung were survived beyond 3 days. In the group of dogs treated with methotrexate, the average survival was 8.5 days, and in the group of dogs treated with R.E.S. blocking, the average survial was 9.7 days with longest survival of 17 days. 2]. The causes of immediate postoperative death in homotransplantation of dogs were lung edema and disruption of bronchial anastomosis. 3]. The main causes of death in successful homotransplantation dogs which were survived beyond 3 days were infection of lung parenchyma and bronchial necrosis rather than the occurence of graft rejection. 4]. Graft rejection was not revealed even after 7 days of operation in the group treated with methotrexate as well as in the group treated with R. E.S. blocking. This finding made it suggest that the R. E.S. blocking may be effective to control the rejection reaction. 5]. Even though the pulmonary function of transplanted lung was revealed the evidence of severe impairment immediate after operation by bronchospirometry, it was increased gradually and 10 days after operation the minute ventilation and oxygen uptake were decreased 8%, 13% respectively less than pre-operative one.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.750-757
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• 1990

Empyema with bronchopleural fistula is an uncommon, but serious problem. Early diagnosis and adequate drainage of the empyema cavity are well established principles for the initial management of this condition and will enable patient to recover from the toxic effects of loculated pus. 37 patients of empyema with bronchopleural fistula were treated at the department of the chonbuk National University Hospital between 1981 and 1988. The age group of fifty and sixty decades occupied 64.8%. Bacteriologic cultures of the pus were postive in 56.8%. The most common organism of the culture was staphylococci(42.9%). And the others were Pseudomonas(19%). Klebsiella(14.3%), and E. doli. No growth of pathologic organism was reported 43.2%. 24 patients of empyema with bronchopleural fistula were nonoperative causes : There were 10 pulmonary tuberculosis, 3 abscess, 9 ascending infection, one bronchiectasis and one tumor, respectively. The remaining 13 were occurred as postoperative complications ; pneumonectomy in 6, lobectomy in 4, decortication in 2, and lobectomy with segmentectomy in 1. When used as the initial mode of drainage, closed thoracostomy was performed to almost all of the patients, but 4 patients were died during this treatment. Main operations were performed except 4 died patients ; open thoracostomy in 21, open thoracostomy with myoplasty in 3, decortication in 5, decortication with resection in 3, and completion pneumonectomy in 1. Open thoracostomy was performed in 21 patients which results were favorable except one death. Permanent open thoracostomy is an old but still useful minor operation in patients with empyema with bronchopleural fistula. The overall mortality rate was 15% (6 patients) and the causes of the death were respiratory insufficiency or sepsis, or both.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

Objectives: Recently injury has become a major world-wide health problem. But studies in Korea about injuries were very few. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the trend of major injuries from 1991 to 2006 and to provide basic data for preventing injuries. Methods: This study was based on the National Statistical Office data from 1991 to 2006 and calculated to estimate the burden of major injuries by using the standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) and total lost earnings equation. Results: For transport accidents, mortality, SEYLL and total lost earnings were increased from 1991 to 1996 and decreased from 2000 to 2006. On the other hand, for suicides, these were increased gradually. Since 2003, falls were included in ten leading causes of death. This study showed that injury causes major social and economical losses. Conclusions: We could reduce injury related premature death through active interest in injury prevention program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.62-64
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• 2010

Since 1990 in South Korea, the considerable concern for the safety of construction sights has been increased due to serious accidents. There have been numerous big improvements in preventing the accidents by strengthening legal enforcement and by continuing to emphasize the safety management. Further, the safety standards and criteria for temporary constructional work have been enacted and established in order to maintain safe work environments in temporary construction and structure settings. However, the death rate from fall accidents is still high in the temporary constructional and structural settings in comparison to other work places in construction. According to the analysis of accidents in the field of construction between 2000 and 2007, the death rate from fall accidents in the temporary constructional settings was highest. In addition, there have been more fall accidents in the work setting by small or medium construction enterprises rather than large enterprises due to the relative lack of the safety management. Thus, in this study, the analysis of the causes of fall accidents in the temporary constructional and structural settings between 2000 and 2007 was conducted. Moreover, a survey study was carried out in order to investigate further causes based on the analysis. Finally, this study was also conducted in order to provide basic information and knowledge about the prevention of future accidents.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1665-1668
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• 2008

Arrhythmia causes sudden cardiac death. In the past, there were medical limitations in finding the cause of arrhythmia. As an alternative solution for research of arrhythmia, there have been studies to find the causes of arrhythmia by producing a virtual heart model. Medically, arrhythmia has two main causes: abnormal occurrence of action potential and abnormal conduction of action potential. Based on these, the tachycardia, which is one of the arrhythmia, was manifested and the phenomenon of ventricular fibrillation was numerically analyzed in this study. For this purpose, an electrophysiological model of ventricular cells was implemented, which was subsequently applied to the reaction-diffusion partial differential equation to interpret the macroscopic conduction phenomenon in two-dimensional tissues. The ventricular fibrillation refers to a condition where several irregular waves occur in cardiac tissue, whose generation mechanism is pathologically related to the cardiac tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Forklift truck is one of the dangerous machines which causes the fatal accidents most frequently. The causes of fatalities by forklift from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed. Crushing the operator when tipping over or falling off a truck were the major causes of death in this study. The purpose of this study is to show measures from the engineering point of view to prevent the forklift truck accidents. In order for that, the domestic requirement for forklift safety was compared with those of foreign and international standards. The manufacturers' opinion was also collected regarding to improve the forklift safety. Several measures were suggested in order to prevent fatalities caused by forklift.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

Forklift truck is one of the dangerous machines which causes the fatal accidents most frequently. The causes of fatalities by forklift from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed. Crushing the operator when tipping over or falling off a truck were the major causes of death in this study. The purpose of this study is to show measures from the engineering point of view to prevent the forklift truck accidents. In order for that, the domestic requirement for forklift safety was compared with those of foreign and international standards. The manufacturers' opinion was also collected regarding to improve the forklift safety. Several measures were suggested in order to prevent fatalities caused by forklift.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

This study was carried out to provide basic data for prevention of death from injuries and traumas by analyzing the characteristics of length of hospital stay of patients with injuries and traumas, utilizing in-depth investigation data of discharged injuries. The study subjects were 233 patients discharged from January 1 to December 31 in 2014 whom the final treatment result was 'death' and the main diagnosis were injuries and accidental external causes(S00-T98). According to the research findings, the length of hospital stay of females was longer than that of males. Based on the main diagnosis, the longest length of hospital stay had complication of other internal prosthetic devices, implants and grafts(T85). In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a policy to identify the factors affecting the length of hospital stays of patients and to manage them intensively.