• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.165-183
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• 2006

A study of scientific methods in a study of comparative on the oriental medicine and the western medicine evidence to find on the cause-effect relationship. The rationality in a study of process and the confidence in a study of result were improved by a study of methods on the cause-effect relationship. Also a comparative study on the Jeong(精) of the oriental medicine and the cell of the western medicine, after established a model of the cause-effect relationship secured a suitability of a comparative subject and operationalization of a comparative variable to the rationality in a study of process. The Jeong(精) and the cell are the character of a unit and the character of a matter on the human body. The Jeong(精) and the cell are a point of similarity in the function. The Jeong(精) and the cell are a relation in the mechanism. Our paper reviewed a study of comparative methods on the oriental medicine and the western medicine, and suggest an identic interpretation on the human body.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop the measuring instruments for evaluation criteria for Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award(MBNQA), suitable for ICT Industries, and to analyze the cause-effect relationship between those criteria through aforementioned instruments. MBNQA is formed with seven categories: Leadership, Strategic planning, Focus on patients, other customers and markets, Measurement, analysis and knowledge management, Human resource focus, Process management and Results. As excluding the Human Resource Focus category, this study empirically examined the cause-effect relationship among six categories. In order to empirically examine the research model, this study calculated Cronbach's alpha and reliability index, thus examined the reliability and executed Exploratory Factor Analysis. Furthermore, Average Variance Extracted(AVE) is used to verify the discriminant validity. Lastly, the hypothesis testing was made complete through significance test on the paths between variables. The result of this study shows that both leadership and social responsibility have direct cause-effect relationship with Measurement, analysis and knowledge management, Human resource focus, Process management and also that this relationship has direct impact on Human resource focus, Measurement, analysis and knowledge management as well, consequently exerting influence on the result through Process management, Finance and Market data.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.137-152
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• 2001

On the basis of the equity theory, as the couple perceives their relationship is equitable, they tend to make decisions jointly and are satisfied with their family lives. Therefore this study is aimed to identify the relationship among perception of equity, decision-making styles and family life satisfaction in dual-career couples. As a result of analyzing the cause-effect relationship, it shows that many socioeconomic$.$psychological variables have direct indirect impact on family life satisfaction through medium factor, so this study proves the application of the cause-effect modes. However the influence of the perception of equity of wives were higher than husbands.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.169-191
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to check the educational influence and accountability of school library and to derive implications for the improvement of public education, using raw data of OECD PISA 2009. To do this, the reading achievement as well as questionnaire of 4,989 Korean students' data in OECD PISA 2009 were used. It analyzed how the visit of library can affect reading achievement, reading attitude and behavioral through structural equation modeling method. The results were as follows. The library use factor is a cause-effect relationship among reading achievement, reading attitude and behavioral factors. In addition, the reading attitude is a cause-effect relationship between reading behavior factor and reading achievement. In the part of reading behavior is a cause-effect relationship reading achievement. In the results of applying this causal relationship of whole population, in some individual cases, they are activated as moderating variable.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.271-280
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the awareness of poverty cause on the welfare perception, and to verify the moderating effect of trust in government on the relationship between the awareness of poverty cause and welfare perception. To this end, 2,027 members over the age of 20 who completed the supplementary survey were analyzed using data from Korean Welfare Panel in 2019(14th). To analyze, we conducted a hierarchial regression analysis and confirmed the explanatory force change. As a result of that: First, among the sub-factors of awareness of poverty cause, the awareness of individual responsibility showed negative influence on welfare perception, while the awareness of social structure responsibility and fate showed a positive influence. Second, trust in government showed a positive influence on welfare perception. Third, the moderating effect of trust in government has been partially verified. In other words, among the sub-factors of awareness of poverty cause, it was significant in the relationship between awareness of individual responsibility and welfare perception, and social structure responsibility theory and welfare perception. From this result, it was confirmed that the reinforcement of social capital, such as trust in government, as well as attitudes toward the cause of poverty, is very important to improve the welfare perception of social members. Based on this results, this study has proposed the implications, discussions and limitations of the study.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of choice of cause on the purchase intention by dividing it into the situation selected by the consumer and the company. This study also examines the moderating effect of cause options diversity and company-cause fit on the relationship between choice of cause and purchase intention. This will provide the theoretical information necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the consumer's intention to purchase the cause-related marketing campaign, and in practice, it is expected that companies will be able to obtain useful information for effective planning and execution of the cause-related marketing campaign. Research design, date, and methodology - This study's survey was carried out on the college students of university located in Shandong, China. It was from November 4-11, 2018, and a total of 440 questionnaires were distributed, with 424 collected. Of them, effective questionnaires used in the final study were a total of 400 except 24 that couldn't be used. In this study, empirical analysis was done with frequency analysis, reliability analysis, analysis of variance and simple effect analysis by using Statistics Package SPSS 20.0. Results - The results are reported below: first of all, in the cause-related campaign consumers are more willing to buy the products when they are allowed to choice the focal cause of charity than when the company selects the cause of charity. Furthermore, the positive effect of allowing consumers to choice the cause of charity (vs. company choice) on purchase intentions is greater for high cause diversity to select. Finally, the positive effect of allowing consumers to choice the cause of charity (vs. company choice) on purchase intentions is greater when perceived fit between the company and the cause charity is low. Conclusions - This study extends the scope of the consumer perspective from consumer purchase intention research to the choice of cause in the cause-related marketing. When consumers select the cause, it would be better to provide the cause charity in diversifying selection and provide options for low fit between company and cause charity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1141-1144
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• 2014

Background: Even though many studies have examined the possible effect of low-fat diet on breast cancer survival, the relationship remains unclear. Objectives: To summarize the current evidence about the effect of post-diagnostic low-fat diet on recurrence and all-cause mortality of breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library and as a result two randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one large multi-center prospective cohort study with 9,966 breast cancer patients were included in this report. Results: Post-diagnostic low-fat diet reduced risk of recurrence of breast cancer by 23% (HR=0.77, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.94, P=0.009) and all cause mortality of breast cancer by 17% (HR=0.83, 95%CI 0.69 to 1.00, P=0.05). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested the post-diagnostic low-fat diet can improve breast cancer survival by reducing risk of recurrence. However, more trials of the relationship between low-fat diet and allcause mortality of breast cancer are still needed.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-28
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• 2016

While product liability has been settled as a technical term in civil law, criminal law does not commonly accept technical term for it. Not like civil law, product liability in criminal law point outs individual responsibility and disability of normative order. Meaning that causation between individual's action of violation of duty and the result of danger of legal interest or infringement of legal interest must be proved. In criminal law excluding "non-result-constituted crimes (Unternehmensdelikt)", charge of injuring, accidental infliction of injury, homicide or involuntary manslaughter is problematic in product liability. Of course, it is necessary to distinguish whether the action related to the outcome is act or ommission. Also the causal relationship between the action and the result must be proved, and the intention or negligence should be recognized. In this paper, it analyzes cases that were problematic in Korea, Germany, Spain, etc. Mainly focusing on the problems revealed in the determination of causal relationship, especially recognizing criminal liability related to products. Furthermore it is followed by the view of reviewing the cause-and-effect relationship by 2 steps, dividing natural scientific causation and the normative causal relationship. In this process, to acknowledge criminal product liability in accordance with recognizing cause-and-effect relationship, there should be general risk of specific substance causing the outcome. This only premise can be meaningful to examine the casual relationship from specific cases. As it shows in some cases and theories, it is not contradicting general law of cause and effect by determining specific causal relationship by free evaluation of evidence if a general causal relationship does not exist. Also since judge's testimony does not hold a dominant position from rule of thumb, it is possible to recognize specific causal relationship. However this paper takes position that if there is no objective and reasonably undeniable cause and effect law. If there is no objective and reasonably undeniable causal law, which is the premise for recognizing concrete causal relations, judge should sentence guilty according to "in dubio pro reo" principle. In addition, it is not allowed for the defendant to burden unproven fact by free evaluation of evidence which has an effect of shift of burden of proof.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.763-774
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify relationship among service quality, service value and customer satisfaction of food service industries. The respondents included 120 customers of K-restaurant in the survey. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and cause-effect analysis among the constructs. After research model testing, the following results was obtained : Service Value was influenced directly and positively by the service quality. And customer satisfaction was influenced directly and positively by the service value. But customer satisfaction was not influenced directly and positively by the service quality.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify relationship among job stressor, organizational stressor, and turnover intention of school meal chefs. The respondents included 155 school meal chefs in the survey. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and cause-effect analysis among the constructs. After research model testing, the following results were obtained : job stressor was influenced directly and positively by the turnover intention of school meal chefs. But organizational stressor was not influenced directly and positively by the turnover intention of school meal chefs.