• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.131-150
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to provide two levels of conceptualization of a category such as an absolute category in semantic level and a relative category in pragmatic level on the basis of Aristotelian category theory and prototype category theory. I do not intend to criticize classical category theory and prototype category theory but to show that these two types of category are applied to the different world. Aristotelian categorization is an absolute category because it is based on the possible world called the meta-world and it has an absolute truth value. The members of an absolute category is presented as a set. There is a clear boundary between members and non-members because they are distinguished by the absolute criteria An absolute category is semantic conceptualization. This absolute category is changed into a relative category when it is applied in the real world. A relative category which corresponds to a prototype category is based on the real world called the object world and it has a relative truth value. Here individuals are categorized by the cognition and perception of human beings. A relative category is pragmatic conceptualization. In conclusion, while classical categories which are called absolute categories represent sentence meaning, prototype categories which are called relative categories represent utterance meaning.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.163-191
• /
• 2002

We introduce Clapp-Puppe type generalized Lusternik-Schnirelmann (co)category in a Quillen model category. We establish some of their basic properties and give various characterizations of them. As the first application of these characterizations, we show that our generalized (co)category is invariant under Quillen modelization equivalences. In particular, generalized (co)category is invariant under Quillen modelization equivalences. In particular, generalized (co)category of spaces and simplicial sets coincide. Another application of these characterizations is to define and study rational cocategory. Various other applications are also given.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.53-71
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we provide two different descriptions for a relative derived category with respect to a subcategory ${\mathcal{X}}$ of an abelian category ${\mathcal{A}}$. First, we construct an exact model structure on certain exact category which has as its homotopy category the relative derived category of ${\mathcal{A}}$. We also show that a relative derived category is equivalent to homotopy category of certain complexes. Moreover, we investigate the existence of certain recollements in such categories.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2013

PosM is a category whose objects are ample spaces and morphisms are possibility mappings. We study some properties of the Category PosM. So we show that Category PosM is a cartesian closed category, and it forms a topos with some condition.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2000

In this paper we shall de ne a concept of ${\pi}_1$-category for a map relative to a subset which is a generalization of both the category for a map and the ${\pi}_1$-category of a space, and study some properties of the ${\pi}_1$-category for a map relative to a subset.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1998

In this paper we shall define a relative Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of a subset in a space with respect to a map which generalizes the category of a space, the category of a map and the relative category of a subset in a space. We shall study some properties of the relative Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of a subset in a space with respect to a map and generalize many results of the above categories.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.378-385
• /
• 2010

The explosive increase in the use of email has made to need email classification efficiently and accurately. Current work on the email classification method have mainly been focused on a binary classification that filters out spam-mails. This methods are based on Support Vector Machines, Bayesian classifiers, rule-based classifiers. Such supervised methods, in the sense that the user is required to manually describe the rules and keyword list that is used to recognize the relevant email. Other unsupervised method using clustering techniques for the multi-category classification is created a category labels from a set of incoming messages. In this paper, we propose a new automatic email multi-category classification method using NMF for automatic category label construction method and dynamic category hierarchy method for the reorganization of email messages in the category labels. The proposed method in this paper, a large number of emails are managed efficiently by classifying multi-category email automatically, email messages in their category are reorganized for enhancing accuracy whenever users want to classify all their email messages.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.159-176
• /
• 2006

Collaborative filtering is one of the popular techniques for personalized recommendation in e-commerce. In collaborative filtering, user profiles are usually managed per product category in order to reduce data sparsity. Product diversification of Internet storefronts and multiple product category sales of e-commerce portals require cross-product category usage of user profiles in order to overcome the cold start problem of collaborative filtering. In this paper, we study the feasibility of cross-product category usage of user profiles, and suggest a method to improve recommendation performance of cross-product category user profiling. First, we investigate whether user profiles on a product category can be used to recommend products in other product categories. Furthermore, a way of utilizing user profiles selectively is suggested to increase recommendation performance of cross-product category user profiling. The feasibility of cross-product category user profiling and the usefulness of the proposed method are tested with real click stream data of an Internet storefront which sells multiple product categories including books, music CDs, and DVDs. The experiment results show that user profiles on a product category can be used to recommend products in other product categories. Also, the selective usage of user profiles based on correlations between subcategories of two product categories provides better performance than the whole usage of user profiles.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.741-750
• /
• 2021

The research aims to analyze the level of efficiency by grouping banks during the period 2017 - 2018 into category 1 and category 2 banks and then dividing them as Regional Development Banks (BPD) and Non-BPD Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK) within each category. The research objects are banks within the categories BPD and BUK comprised 18 BPDs and 35 BUKs. The research methodology uses 3 stages, first, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) we measure the level of bank efficiency; second, using the Tobit regression model we evaluate the effect of financial performance on DEA efficiency, and third, using the Mann-Whitney test we determine whether there is a difference in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks. The results showed that there was a decrease in the efficiency of category 1 and 2 banks but on average, the efficiency of category 1 banks is higher than category 2 banks. The estimation results of the Tobit regression model show that only the ROA variable affects the efficiency level of category 1 banks, while category 2 banks are influenced by NPL and ROA variables. In the Mann-Whitney test, it was proven that there were differences in efficiency between BUK and BPD in category 1 and 2 banks.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.523-535
• /
• 2010

There are different categorifications of the notion of a ring such as Ann-category due to N. T. Quang, ring category due to M. M. Kapranov and V. A. Voevodsky. The main result of this paper is to prove that every axiom in the definition of a ring category, but the axiom $x_0 = y_0$, can be deduced from the axiomatics of an Ann-category.