• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.14-20
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most typical rheumatic diseases, and is characterized by chronic inflammation, cartilage destruction and joint deformity ［1,2］. During this process, profound hypertrophic changes of the synovium with infiltration of immune cells, increased vascularity, and hyperplasia result in the formation of a synovial pannus that invades cartilage and bone ［3］. In early stages of RA, the synovial membrane begins to invade the cartilage. In established RA, the synovial membrane becomes transformed into inflammatory tissue, the pannus (Fig. 1). The cell types that occupy cartilage-pannus junctions include synovial macrophages, fibroblasts, mast cells, polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMNs), and displaced, probably differentiated condrocytes ［4-6］. Recent studies of rheumatoid synovial tissue have demonstrated localized accumulations of mast cells and evidence of their activation/degranulation［7］.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.341-344
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• 2019

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and the destruction of cartilaginous tissues, primarily involving the ear, nose, and the respiratory tract. Nasal chondritis is present in 24% of patients at the time of diagnosis and develops subsequently in 53% throughout the diseases progress. Progressive destruction of nasal cartilage leads to the characteristic flattening of the nasal bridge, resulting in the saddle nose deformity. In patients with RP, surgical management for saddle nose is carefully decided due to the disease relapsing characteristics. We present a RP patient with a saddle nose deformity who underwent reconstruction rhinoplasty with autologous costal cartilage grafting. At 6-month follow-up, the patient retained good esthetic results and showed neither complication nor relapse of RP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.6
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• pp.292-294
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• 2014

Primary tracheal amyloidosis (PTA) can lead to airway obstructions, and patients with severe PTA should undergo bronchoscopic interventions in order to maintain airway patency. Focal airway involvements with amyloidosis can only be treated with mechanical dilatation. However, the PTA with diffused airway involvements and concomitant cartilage destructions requires stent placement. Limited information regarding the usefulness of silicone stents in patients with PTA has been released. Therefore, we report a case of diffused PTA with tracheomalacia causing severe cartilage destruction, which is being successfully managed with bronchoscopic interventions and silicone stent placements.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2014

Genetically-modified mesenchymal stem cells (GM-MSCs) have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for orthopedic degenerative diseases. GM-MSCs have been widely reported that they are able to increase bone and cartilage tissue regeneration not only by secreting transgene products such as growth factors in a long-term manner, also by inducing MSCs into tissue-specific cells. For example, MSCs modified with BMP-2 gene increased secretion of BMP-2 protein resulting in enhancement of bone regeneration, while MSCs with TGF-b gene did cartilage regeneration. In this review, we introduce several growth factors for gene delivery to MSCs and strategies for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration using GM-MSCs. Furthermore, we describe strategies for strengthening GM-MSCs to more intensively induce tissue regeneration by co-delivery system of multiple genes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.654-658
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• 2012

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common rheumatic pathology. One of the major objectives of OA research is the development of early diagnostic strategies such as those using proteomic technology. Synovial fluid (SF) in OA patients is a potential source of biomarkers for OA. The efficient and reliable preparation of SF proteomes is a critical step towards biomarker discovery. In this study, we have optimized a pretreatment method for twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) separation of the SF proteome, by enriching low-abundance proteins and simultaneously removing hyaluronic acid, albumin, and IgG. SF samples pretreated using this optimized method were then evaluated by 1DE and 2DE separation followed by immunodetection of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a known OA biomarker, and by the identification of 3 proteins (apolipoprotein, haptoglobin precursor, and fibrinogen D fragment) that are related to joint diseases.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.148-153
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• 1997

Laryngotracheal stenosis is one of the most troublesome diseases in the Em field. Subglottic stenosis can be treated by a cricoid augmentation with rib cartilage. In case of tracheal stenosis, the treatment of choice is by tracheal end-to-end anastomosis after resection of the stenotic site. However, in case of subglottic stenosis combined with tracheal stenosis, it is hard to manage. Even though several methods(such as thyrotracheal anastomosis) have been tried, they have some limitations too much excision of normal trachea and too much pulling up of the trachea after resection of the stenotic lesion. The authors have managed two cases of laryngotracheal stenosis as an anterior and posterior subglottic augmentation with an autologous cartilage graft and laryngotracheal anastomosis. The first few weeks after the operation, we could do a decannulation successfully, but in one case the patient developed restenosis. Even though one case was unsuccessful, the authors believe that this method could be used in the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 1995

The experience with treatment of acquired subglottic stenosis in 20 adults is reviewed. Nine of the 20 patients (45%) had opeated by other institues before treatment. Causes of the disease were 10(50%) of blunt neck trauama and 10(50%) of prolonged intubation. The most common associated airway diseases were nine patients (45%) of bilateral vocal cord fixations. Twelve patients (60%) underwent anterior cartilage grafts, five patients (25%) had anterior and posterior cartilage grafts and three patients (15%) had end to end anastomosis according to the severity of cricoid deformities and mucosal defects. Associated procedures were 9 patients (45%) of arytenoidectomy. Thirteen of 20 patients (65%) have been decannulated. Fe-male group was significantly higher decannulation rate than male group (p=0.0074). Decannulation rates were decreased from anterior cartilage graft group to anterior and posterior cartilage grafts group and to end to end anastomosis group (p= 0.00247), this finding suggested the patients with severe cricoid deformitiy were higher likely hood of failure because we selected the method used in this study according to the severity of cricoid deformities and mucosal defects. Our results support the more aggressive treatment is indicated for subglottic stenosis in adults.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.618-622
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• 2005

Articular cartilage is an important target for studying the arthritic diseases. To verify the therapeutic effects of bee venom herb-acupuncture in vivo, 3${\mu}$l of diluted solution of bee venom for herb-acupuncture were injected into articular cavity once a day during 3 months after making full-thickness defects in rat articular cartilage. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry indicated that the chondrocyte-like tissue was formed during the repair process of cartilage injury, and the expression of a cartilage-specific protein, collagen type II, were significantly activated. It means that the expression of the gene encoding type I collagen was down-regulated, whereas those of collagen type II were up-regulated. Histological examination by hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that the cells regained their original round morphology. In addition, a homogeneous distribution of articular cartilage extracellular matrices was detected around the cells. These results suggested that bee venom herb-acupuncture was very effective on the recovery of articular chondrocyte phenotype.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2011

Purpose: The focal ossification of auricular cartilage is an unusual clinical entity in which the ear becomes partially or totally rigid and immalleable. This condition may result from cold injury, local trauma, inflammation, or various systemic diseases. Patients may feel mild discomfort, but there are usually no other serious symptoms. We present a case of focal ossification of auricular cartilage in which the cause is unknown. Methods: A healthy 58-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of hard mass of right posterior auricular area. He denied any precipitating historical events like cold injury and inflammation. Routine testing did not demonstrate systemic abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a $22{\times}10{\times}11mm$ sized heterogenous isoechoic mass showing an acoustic shadow. Results: Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histological examination revealed the ossification with deposition of trabecular bone in normal elastic cartilage. The patient was healed without any problems and satisfied with the result. Conclusion: We report clinical experience of focal ossification of auricular cartilage, which is quite a rare clinical entity. It should be considered that there is the possibility of ossification of cartilage when it meets the benign mass of the ear.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.888-894
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• 2019

Cartilage diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), are associated with the loss of chondrocytes and degradation of articular cartilage. Recent studies revealed that inflammatory reactive oxygen species (ROS) and age-related oxidative stress can affect chondrocyte activity and cartilage homeostasis. We investigated changes in the levels of intracellular antioxidants during cellular senescence of primary chondrocytes from rat articular cartilages. Cellular senescence was induced by serial subculture (passages 0, 2, 4, and 8) of chondrocytes and measured using specific senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase ($SA-{\beta}-gal$) staining. ROS production increased significantly in the senescent chondrocytes. In addition, total glutathione (GSSG/GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression increased in senescent chondrocytes induced by serial subculture. Analysis of changes in intracellular antioxidant levels in articular cartilage from rats of different ages (5, 25, 40, and 72 wk) revealed that total glutathione levels were highest after 40 wk and slightly decreased after 72 wk as compared with those after 25 wk. SOD and HO-1 expression levels increased in accordance with age. Based on these results, we conclude that intracellular antioxidants may be associated with cartilage protection against excessive oxidative stress in the process of chondrocyte senescence and age-related cartilage degeneration in an animal model.