• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2007

본 논문은 Doherty 증폭기의 높은 효율을 유지하면서 선형성을 개선하기 위해 아날로그 전치왜곡기를 가진 Doherty 증폭기를 보여준다. 3차 전치왜곡기는 전치왜곡기와 Doherty 증폭기에서 3차와 5차 혼변조 성분이 이루는 위상차를 같게 만들어 3차뿐만 아니라 5차 혼변조 왜곡신호를 동시에 상쇄시킨다. 이것은 전치왜곡기에서 위상조절 왜곡발생기를 이용하여 3차와 5차의 위상차를 독립적으로 조절함으로서 이루어진다. 또한, 간단하고 정확한 위상 측정 장치를 이용하여 왜곡발생기의 위상조절 능력을 실험적으로 확인한다. 실험적인 검증을 위해, 3차 전치왜곡기는 2.11-2.17 GHz의 WCDMA 대역에서 180-W Doherty 증폭기와 구현된다. 투톤 실험결과는 3차와 5차 혼변조 왜곡성분이 크게 상쇄될 수 있음을 보여준다. 또한, 4-carrier WCDMA 응용에서도 넓은 출력 범위에서 상당한 ACLR이 개선된다. 이 기법은 간단한 구조, 작은 크기, 세 가지의 조절 파라미터 때문에 가격 효율적이며 편리하다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2014

Fast recovery diodes (FRDs) were developed using the $p^{{+}{+}}/n^-/n^{{+}{+}}$ epitaxial layers grown by low temperature epitaxy technology. We investigated the effect of electrostatic discharge (ESD) stresses on their electrical and switching properties using current-voltage (I-V) and reverse recovery time analyses. The FRDs presented a high breakdown voltage, >450 V, and a low reverse leakage current, < $10^{-9}$ A. From the temperature dependence of thermal activation energy, the reverse leakage current was dominated by thermal generation-recombination and diffusion, respectively, at low and high temperature regions. By virtue of the abrupt junction and the Pt drive-in for the controlling of carrier lifetime, the soft reverse recovery behavior could be obtained along with a well-controlled reverse recovery time of 21.12 ns. The FRDs exhibited excellent ESD robustness with negligible degradations in the I-V and the reverse recovery characteristics up to ${\pm}5.5$ kV of HBM and ${\pm}3.5$ kV of IEC61000-4-2 shocks. Likewise, transmission line pulse (TLP) analysis reveals that the FRDs can handle the maximum peak pulse current, $I_{pp,max}$, up to 30 A in the forward mode and down to - 24 A in the reverse mode. The robust ESD property can improve the long term reliability of various power applications such as automobile and switching mode power supply.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권1호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 co-channel deployment 방식을 사용하는 closed access 펨토셀 주변에서 마크로셀 단말의 동기소실 문제를 해결하고 펨토셀의 전력 누수 때문에 발생하는 셀 탐색을 줄이기 위하여 CS(Common Signal)을 사용한 펨토셀 탐색 기법을 제안한다. CS는 특정 마크로셀 내의 펨토셀들이 같은 시간에 공통으로 전송하는 신호로, 펨토셀이 CS를 송신할 경우 마크로셀 내에서 마크로셀 기지국의 CINR(Carrier to Interference Noise and Ratio) 값이 크게 유지되어 closed access 펨토셀 주변에서 마크로셀 단말이 동기를 유지할 수 있다. 또한, CS는 단말이 CS를 사용하여 측정한 CSCINR(Common Signal Carrier to Interference Noise and Ratio) 값을 이용하여 펨토셀 존재 여부를 판단할 수 있도록 설계되므로, 마크로셀 단말은 마크로셀 기지국에 동기를 유지하면서 펨토셀 존재여부를 판단할 수 있다. 그리고 제안된 방식에서는 옥외에서 이동 중인 단말이 자신의 이동성을 이용하여 펨토셀 탐색 여부를 판단함으로써 단말의 펨토셀 탐색 빈도를 줄인다. 따라서 펨토셀 탐색에 대한 부담을 줄이고, 이에 대한 부가적 이득으로 핸드오버 시도의 빈도 감소를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

Local minority carrier lifetime control by means of particle irradiation is an useful technology for Production of modern silicon Power devices. Crystal damage due to ion irradiation can be easily localized by choosing appropriate irradiation energy and minority tarrier lifetime can be reduced locally only in the damaged layer. In this work, proton irradiation technology was used for improving the switching characteristics of a un diode. The irradiation was carried out with various energy and dose condition. The device was characterized by current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and reverse recovery time measurements. Forward voltage drop was increased to 1.1 V at forward current of 5 A, which was $120\%$ of its original device. Reverse leakage current was 64 nA at reverse voltage of 100 V, and reverse breakdown voltage was 670 V which was the same voltage as original device without irradiation. The reverse recovery time of device was reduced to about $20\%$ compared to that of original device without irradiation.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2019

The Port of Pyeong Taek is located on the west coast, meaning that the difference between the rise and fall of tide is great (flood tide 1.8 to 2.9 knots, ebb tide 1.6 to 2.9 knots). Due to mainly N~NW'ly strong winds & high waves during winter, navigating as well as loading & discharging vessels must focus on cargo handling. The strong tidal and wind forces in the Port of Pyeong Taek can push an LNG carrier away from its berth, which will end up causing forced disconnection between the vessel's cargo line and shore-side loading arm. The primary consequence of this disconnection will be LNG leakage, which will lead to tremendous physical damage to the hull and shore-side equipment. In this study, the 125K LNG Moss Type ship docked at No. 1 Pier of the Pyeong Taek is observed, and the tension of the mooring line during cargo handling is calculated using a combination of wind and waves to determine effective mooring line and mooring line priority management. As a result if the wind direction is $90^{\circ}$ to the left and right of the bow, it was found that line monitoring should be performed bearing special attention to the Fore Spring Line, Fore Breast Line, and Aft Spring Line.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2014

In this study general solar cell production process was complemented, with research on improvement of solar cell efficiency through surface structure and thermal annealing process. Firstly, to form the pyramid structure, the saw damage removal (SDR) processed surface was undergone texturing process with reactive ion etching (RIE). Then, for the formation of smooth pyramid structure to facilitate uniform doping and electrode formation, the surface was etched with HND(HF : HNO3 : D.I. water=5 : 100 : 100) solution. Notably, due to uniform doping the leakage current decreased greatly. Also, for the enhancement and maintenance of minority carrier lifetime, antireflection coating thermal annealing was done. To maintain this increased lifetime, front electrode was formed through Au plating process without high temperature firing process. Through these changes in two processes, the leakage current effect could be decreased and furthermore, the conversion efficiency could be increased. Therefore, compared to the general solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 15.89%, production of high efficiency solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 17.24% was made possible.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

Recent results are presented concerning the development of magnetofluidic leakage-free rotating seals for vacuum and high pressure gases, evidencing significant advantages compared to mechanical seals. The micro-pilot scale production of various types of magnetizable sealing fluids is shortly reviewed, in particular the main steps of the chemical synthesis of magnetic nanofluids and magnetic composite fluids with light hydrocarbon, mineral oil and synthetic oil carrier liquids. Design concepts and some constructive details of the magnetofluidic seals are discussed in order to obtain high sealing capacity. Different types of magnetofluidic sealing systems and applications are reviewed. Testing procedures and equipment are presented, as well as the sealing capabilities of different types of magnetizable fluids.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 1991

The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the encapsulation efficiency and stability of liposomes containing methotrexate (MTX) having different surface charges and cholesterol contents were investigated. The encapsulation efficiency of MTX was lower and the release of MTX was faster by the addition of BSA. The leaking of MTX from lipid bilayer depends upon the BSA concentrations. These results may be derived from the interaction of BSA with lipid bilayers. The dynamic structural changes of BSA were monitored indirectly using circular dichroism spectra. Observed dynamic structural changes of BSA with liposomes are presumed to reflect the interaction of BSA with liposomes. Negatively charged liposomes have more strong interaction with BSA than neutral and positively charged liposomes. BSA attacks lipid bilayers whether it is at the inner or at the outer phase of lipid bilayer and induces leakage of entrapped MTX. Especially, negatively charged liposomes are more sensitive than others. The inclusion of cholesterol in the lipid layers inhibits the interaction of BSA with liposomes and shows protective effect against BSA-induced leakage of MTX. To endure the attacking of BSA liposomes as drug carriers should be made using cholesterol.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.783-790
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• 2018

주파수 도약(frequency hopping) 기법은 대역확산(spread spectrum) 방법 중 하나로, 광대역 상에서 반송파의 주파수가 고정되어 있지 않고, 다양한 주파수 채널로 도약하는 통신방식이다. 이러한 특성으로 인해 뛰어난 항재밍 성능, 낮은 탐지율 등의 장점을 가지고 있어, 군 통신에 자주 사용되고 있으며, 상용 통신에도 종종 사용되고 있다. 바꿔 말하면, 이런 주파수 도약 신호를 잘 탐지해내는 것은 매우 어려우며 중요한 연구분야 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 FFT를 이용한 신호 탐지를 할 때, 주파수 도약 신호의 탐지율을 증가시킬 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 수신한 신호를 FFT를 이용하여 주파수 성분으로 변환시킬 경우, 스펙트럼 누설(spectral leakage)이 발생하여 탐지율이 낮아진다. 이때, 해밍 윈도우(hamming window)를 이용하여 문제를 해결하고 탐지율을 증가시킬 수 있는데, 주파수가 도약하는 환경에서는 윈도우가 오히려 성능 저하를 가져오기도 한다. 제안하는 기법은 주파수 변화에 대응하여 이러한 약점을 해결하였으며, 기존에 비해 최대 13 % 정도의 탐지율 향상을 얻을 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2007

Amorphous $BaTi_4O_9$ ($BT_4$) film was deposited on Pt/Si substrate by RF magnetron sputter and their dielectric properties and electrical properties are investigated. A cross sectional SEM image and AFM image of the surface of the amorphous $BT_4$ film deposited at room temperature showed the film was grown well on the substrate. The amorphous $BT_4$ film had a large dielectric constant of 32, which is similar to that of the crystalline $BT_4$ film. The leakage current density of the $BT_4$ film was low and a Poole-Frenkel emission was suggested as the leakage current mechanism. A positive quadratic voltage coefficient of capacitance (VCC) was obtained for the $BT_4$ film with a thickness of <70 nm and it could be due to the free carrier relaxation. However, a negative quadratic VCC was obtained for the films with a thickness ${\geq}96nm$, possibly due to the dipolar relaxation. The 55 nm-thick $BT_4$ film had a high capacitance density of $5.1fF/{\mu}m^2$ with a low leakage current density of $11.6nA/cm^2$ at 2 V. Its quadratic and linear VCCs were $244ppm/V^2$ and -52 ppm/V, respectively, with a low temperature coefficient of capacitance of $961ppm/^{\circ}C$ at 100 kHz. These results confirmed the potential suitability of the amorphous $BT_4$ film for use as a high performance metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor.