• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.488-491
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• 2009

A 31-year-old man presented with right hemiparesis, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small infarct at left basal ganglia. Digital subtraction angiography showed left cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and severe stenosis of the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA) with collateral cerebral circulation fed by ECAs. Based on the results of a functional evaluation of cerebral blood flow, we performed preventive ECA angioplasty and stenting for advanced ECA stenosis to ensure sufficient blood flow to the superficial temporal artery. Eight weeks later, superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis was performed. His postoperative course was uneventful and no additional transient ischemic attacks have occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first report of preventive angioplasty and stenting for advanced narrowing of an ECA before STA-MCA anastomosis for ipsilateral ICA occlusion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

Background: Symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with significant carotid artery stenosis (range, 70% to 99%) generally undergo either carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) to prevent stroke. In this study, we evaluated the cost effectiveness of these two treatment modalities. Methods: A total of 47 patients (mean age, $67.1{\pm}9.1$ years; male, 87.2%) undergoing either CEA (n=28) or CAS (n=19) for the treatment of significant carotid artery stenosis were enrolled in this study. Hospitalization costs were subdivided into three parts, namely pre-procedure, procedure and resource, and post-procedure costs. Results: Total hospitalization costs were similar in both groups of CEA and CAS (6,377 thousand won [TW] vs. 6,703 TW, p=0.255); however, the total cost minus the pre-procedure cost was higher in the CAS group than in the CEA group (4,948 TW vs. 5,941 TW, p<0.0001). The pre-procedure cost of the CEA group was higher than that of the CAS group (1,429 TW vs. 762 TW, p<0.0001). However, the procedure and resource cost was higher in the CAS group because the resource cost was approximately three times higher in the CAS group than in the CEA group. The post-procedure cost was higher in the CEA group because hospital stays were approximately two times longer. Conclusion: The total hospitalization cost was not different between the CEA and the CAS groups. The pre-procedure cost was high in the CEA group, but the cost from procedure onset to discharge, including the resource cost, was significantly lower in this group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.28-30
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• 2006

Two patients presented with amaurosis fugax[AMF]. despite treatment with antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants due to previous transient ischemic attacks. Angiography demonstrated severe stenosis in the cavernous and petrous internal carotid artery[ICA] respectively, with reduced flow in the ophthalmic artery[OA]. Endovascular stent placement in both patients resulted in normalization of the vessel lumen of the stenotic vessel segments. In addition, complete restoration of OA flow was noted immediately after stenting. Both patients showed no further episode of AMF over a follow-up period of 38 and 23 months respectively. Our clinical and angiographic findings suggest that hemodynamic Insufficiency in retinal vasculature caused by a stenosis of the cavernous or petrous ICA can be treated successfully by endovascular stent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.48-50
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• 2014

A 70-year-old woman presented with headaches and recurrent stroke symptoms. During five years, the patient has been treated for cerebral infarction associated with severe atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Three-year follow-up magnetic resonance angiography showed a tiny de novo aneurysm arising from the distal part of atherosclerotic internal carotid artery. And 5-year follow-up three-dimensional CT angiogram demonstrated a definite aneurysm enlargement as large as requiring treatment. During dissection of aneurysm, the oculomotor nerve was found to be penetrated with the growing de novo aneurysm. The authors report a case of a de novo aneurysm, which resulted from atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery at the supraclinoid portion, that was found to be penetrating the oculomotor nerve with no ocular palsy.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.242-251
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate the association of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) with acute cerebral ischemic events and progression of stenosis using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods: From April 2014 to December 2016, 53 patients underwent carotid plaque MR imaging, including magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence. A total of 66 carotid arteries in 53 patients had carotid stenosis, and they were included in this study. Carotid arteries were classified according to the presence of IPH, the age of hemorrhage, and degree of stenosis. We assessed ipsilateral cerebrovascular event rates and progression of stenosis between the IPH and no-IPH groups. Results: Of the 61 carotid arteries assessed, 34 (56%) had IPH, and 27 (44%) had no IPH. Acute cerebral ischemic events were more frequent in the IPH group (47% vs. 22%, P = 0.045), especially in the < 30%-stenosis group (100% vs. 0%, P = 0.028). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of ischemic events according to the age of hemorrhage (50% vs. 44%, P = 0.492). Among the 61 carotid arteries, 20 carotid arteries had previously undergone carotid artery imaging and were evaluated for plaque progression. The trend for progression of stenosis favored the IPH group versus the no-IPH group, with a marginal P-value ($20%{\pm}12.7$ vs. $9.6%{\pm}5.7$, P = 0.063). Conclusion: IPH was associated with an increased incidence of acute ischemic events, especially in the mild-stenosis group and it was also associated with progression of stenosis. Evaluation of the carotid IPH by carotid plaque MR could improve discrimination of carotid plaques that cause ischemic events and progression of stenosis.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2019

This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in measurements between North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial(NASCET) and Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease(WASID) methods that measure the middle cerebral artery stenosis in Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). It involved 24 patients who had completed both DSA and MRA among patients with Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) stenosis. The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) stenosis was measured using the NASCET and WASID methods through a retrospective analysis. For the NASCET and WASID methods, they performed measurements on normal blood vessels located far from and close to the stenosis, respectively. The mean value and standard deviation of the Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) measured by the NASCET method were 59.23% and 13.27%. On the other hand, those of the Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) measured by the WASID method were 66.64% and 12.47%. And, the mean value and standard deviation of the Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) measured by the NASCET method were 49.82% and 12.06%. By contrast, those of the Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) measured by the WASID method were 56.63% and 10.67%. All the p-values obtained by the Pearson and Spearman correlation tests in the Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) and the Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) were <0.01. In conclusion, this study suggests that both the NASCET and WASID methods to measure the middle cerebral artery stenosis in the Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) and the Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) can be used if they are not used interchangeably.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2005

The characteristics of blood flow and the interaction between the blood vessel and blood flow play important roles in plaque cap rupture and the growth of atherosclerosis which may lead directly to a heart attack or a stroke. In this study, carotid arteries with different stenoses have been numerically simulated to investigate the wall shear stress(WSS) and the elastic motion of the vessel. Blood flow has been treated as physiological, laminar and incompressible flow. To model the shear thining behavior of the blood, the Carreau-Yasuda model has been employed but the viscoelasticity of blood has not been considered. The results show that the WSS of $severe(75\%)$ stenosis is much higher than those of $25\%\;and\;50\%$ stenosis in the region of stenosis. With the increase in the stenosis thickness, the expansion ratio of the center of the stenosis decreases while the expansion ratio of the upstream region of the stenosis increases.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2001

Extracranial carotid artery dissection may manifest as arterial stenosis or occlusion, or as dissecting aneurysm formation. Anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet therapy is the first-line treatment, but because it is effective and less invasive than other procedures, endovascular treatment of carotid artery dissection has recently attracted interest. We encountered two consecutive cases of trauma-related extracranial internal carotid artery dissection, one in the suprabulbar portion and one in the subpetrosal portion. We managed the patient with suprabulbar dissection using a self-expandable metallic stent and managed the patient with subpetrosal dissection using a balloon-expandable metallic stent. In both patients the dissecting aneurysm disappeared, and at follow-up improved luminal patency was observed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.815-821
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• 2006

배경: 경동맥 내막절제술은 심한 경동맥 협착증이 있는 환자에서 발생 가능성이 높은 뇌졸중을 예방하는 데 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으나 술 후 사망이나 뇌졸중 등의 심각한 합병증을 유발할 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 경동맥 협착증에 대한 수술적 치료의 결과를 분석하여 향후 수술의 합병증을 줄이고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년 2월부터 2004년 7월까지 경동맥 협착증으로 한 명의 술자에 의해 경동맥 내막절제술을 시행 받은 74명(76예)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 남자가 64명, 여자가 10명이었고 평균연령은 63.6세($40{\sim}77$세)였다. 경동맥 내막절제술만을 시행한 경우가 63예, 내막절제술과 함께 패취를 이용하여 경동맥 성형술을 시행한 경우가 8예, 내막절제술과 함께 경동맥의 일부를 절제한 후 단단 문합한 경우가 5예였다. 수술 중 동맥내 션트는 29예에서 사용되었다. 총경동맥과 외경동맥을 겸자한 후의 평균 내경동맥 역류압은 뇌파의 허혈성 변화가 있었던 25예(A군)의 경우 $23.48{\pm}10.04$ mmHg이었고, 뇌파의 허혈성 변화가 없었던 51예(B군)의 경우 $47.16{\pm}16.04$ mmHg이었다. 두 군 간의 내경동맥 역류압의 평균치는 통계학적으로 차이가 없었으나 (p=0.095) 뇌파의 허혈성 변화가 나타난 환자의 내경동맥 역류압은 모두 40 mmHg 이하였다. 내경동맥 역류압에 관계없이 뇌파의 허혈성 변화가 없으면 동맥내 션트를 시행하지 않고 수술하였다. 합병증은 일시적인 설하신경 마비 4예, 기존의 뇌경색 부위에 발생한 뇌출혈 2예, 경미한 뇌경색 1예, 봉합 부위의 혈액 누출에 의한 혈종 1예, 술 중 과도한 견인에 의해 유발된 것으로 생각되는 후두 부종에 의한 상기도 폐쇄 2예였다. 기존의 뇌경색 부위에 발생한 뇌출혈 2예 중 1예는 응급 수술을 시행한 경우로 뇌출혈이 심해 보존치료 도중 사망하였다. 결론: 경동맥 내막절제술은 수술 사망률이 낮은 비교적 안전한 수술 방법이다. 허혈성 뇌손상을 예방하기 위해 사용되는 동맥내 션트는 내경동맥 역류압보다는 뇌파의 허혈성 변화 여부에 따라 사용되어야 한다고 생각한다. 후두 부종을 예방하기 위해 수술 중 과도한 견인을 피하고 수술 직후 혈압을 엄격히 관리해야 하며, 후두 부종이 의심되면 작은 구경의 튜브를 이용한 기관 삽관이나 응급 기관절개술 등을 통하여 신속하게 기도를 확보해야 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.456-461
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• 2018

목동맥 스텐트 삽입술은 목동맥 내막절제술에 적합하지 않은 환자에게 시행할 수 있는 목동맥 협착증의 대체 치료법으로 알려져 있다. 목동맥 내막절제술, 혈관성형술 또는 스텐트 삽입술 후에 드문 부작용으로 뇌내출혈이 발생할 수 있고, 이러한 출혈이 발생하는 원인은 대부분의 경우 재관류 손상과 관련이 있는 것으로 추정하고 있다. 이전의 연구에서는 내막절제술과 비교하여 목동맥 스텐트 삽입술 후 뇌내출혈의 빈도가 더 높다고 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 뇌경색으로 내원한 80세 남자환자를 대상으로 증례보고를 통해 동일 분야 연구에 활용하고자 자료 분석을 하였다. 80세 남자가 갑자기 발생한 오른 팔의 근력저하를 주소로 방문하였다. 왼쪽 속목동맥의 90% 협착이 발견되어 목동맥 스텐트 삽입술을 시행하였고, 시술 후 실시한 뇌 CT에서 시상을 포함하는 후대뇌동맥 영역의 뇌출혈이 뇌실내출혈까지 진행되어 있음을 관찰하였다. 이러한 출혈은 스텐트 삽입술이 시행된 동맥에서 공급될 가능성이 낮은 혈관 영역에서 발생했기 때문에, 이 경우에 내막절제술 시행 후 과다혈류에 의한 출혈과 다른 양상을 확인하였다.