• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.133-162
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• 2001

Unexpected accidents in school has been gradually increased every year, and student's mistaken was the first reason of the accident. To preventing the students from Unexpected accidents in school, safety education is more important than having strong facilities to have much more strong protecting forces for the accidents. Therefore, systematic education of safety is needed most of all, and especially, strengthening safety education in school is needed. Hereby, this study is aimed at investigating and analysing the actual condition and demand of safety education. It also conducted a survey with the target of 1,255 students in the second grade of high school in Seoul from April 20 to May 19, and the result of this study is as follows. 1. In the general features of the subject of the survey, boy students and girl students occupied 50.8％ and 49.2％ each, and boys' high school (34.3％), girls' high school(32.2％) and co-ed(33.5％) participated in balance. In the location, north from Han river occupied 54.6％, south were 45.2％. 2. According to the status of experiencing an accident, boys were more experienced then girls(p〈0.05). From the section, home accident(56.8％) occupied most followed by school accident, traffic accident, sports accident and poisoning. The accident happening most often in detailed category is sports accident such as basket ball, foot ball and dodge ball. The actual condition of the subject's using a school health facility shows that boys students use it more often than girl students(p〈0.01) 3. In attitude toward safety, the subject showed lower interest in safety issues than other social issues. But attitude in seriality of safety problems were high. Also, they responded ‘individual citizen’(63.1％) as the one who should make efforts for safety. Regarding knowledge of preventing safety accidents in attitude toward individual safety, 42.2％ answered ‘they know a little’ and 32.6％ of respondents say ‘they do not know’. To a question of the degree of the subject's following safety rules, 36.4％ were answered ‘keeping’ and the group using a school health facility shows more ‘keeping’ the others(p〈0.05). 4. To a question of asking if they have experienced safety education, 51.2％ answered ‘yes’. Teachers who mainly take care of safety education are answered as training teacher(48.7％). As for education time, training class(51.3％) is said to have safety education most followed by health-related event and PE(Physical Education). Frequency of education shows once or twice a session (62.8％) most often, but in case of co-ed school, 5-7times a session or more(20.1％) are being practiced. Looking at education time, 1-2 hour(s)(22.1％) or for a short time(22.1％) during class are being practiced. As an education method, instruction(43.8％) and video education(32.5％) are being practiced, and when it comes to education evaluation method, ‘not practiced’(70.0％) answered. To the question if they are satisfied with school safety education, they answered more ‘no(43.1％)’ than ‘yes(6.7％)’, and the reason is that safety education class is just for formality's sake, and the fact they already know is being repeated. The contents of safety education is composed of school safety, home safety, and first aid. 5. It is turned out that 56.5％ of the total boy students and 61.1％ of the total girl students recognize the necessity of safety education. To the question if safety education is needed in an elementary and middle education course, 46.4％ of the subject answer answered' it's necessary'. The most reason for their answers are ‘safety education is directly related to life’. 6. Regarding the requested time of safety education is ‘one hour a week’ by 55.9％. For safety education, safety education teachers(38.7％) are answered to be the most proper. As a request for safety education, video education is answered to be the most appropriate(30.6％), followed by practical skills, lecture and discussion(p〈0.05). Demand of educational evaluation, practical skills, interview and observation are answered to be needed. To the question if they want to participate in the way of demanded safety education, 41.9％ of respondents answer ‘have a mind to participate in’ (41.9％). To benefits followed by completing safety education, 72.0％ of respondents answer ‘agree’, and 24.7％ ‘do not agree’, which means lout 4 disagrees with completing safety education. 7. Looking at demand of safety education according to the features of the subject, ‘our position for the person who has handicapped’ was answer to the most.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging modality that consists of systemic administration to a subject of a radiopharmaceutical labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide. Following administration, its distribution in the organ or structure under study can be assessed as a function of time and space by (1) defecting the annihilation radiation resulting from the interaction of the positrons with matter, and (2) reconstructing the distribution of the radioactivity from a series of that used in computed tomography (CT). The nuclides most generally exhibit chemical properties that render them particularly desirable in physiological studies. The radionuclides most widely used in PET are F-18, C-11, O-15 and N-13. Regarding to the number of the current PET Centers worldwide (based on ICP data), more than 300 PET Centers were in operation in 2000. The use of PET technology grew rapidly compared to that in 1992 and 1996, particularly in the USA, which demonstrates a three-fold rise in PET installations. In 2001, 194 PET Centers were operating in the USA. In 1994, two clinical and research-oriented PET Centers at Seoul National University Hospital and Samsung Medical Center, was established as the first dedicated PET and Cyclotron machines in Korea, followed by two more PET facilities at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Ajou Medical Center, Yonsei University Medical Center, National Cancer Center and established their PET Center. Catholic Medical School and Pusan National University Hospital have finalized a plan to install PET machine in 2002, which results in total of nine PET Centers in Korea. Considering annual trends of PET application in four major PET centers in Korea in Asan Medical Center recent six years (from 1995 to 2000), a total of 11,564 patients have been studied every year and the number of PET studies has shown steep growth year upon year. We had 1,020 PET patients in 1995. This number increased to 1,196, 1,756, 2,379, 3,015 and 4,414 in 1996,1997,1998,1999 and 2000, respectively. The application in cardiac disorders is minimal, and among various neuropsychiatric diseases, patients with epilepsy or dementia can benefit from PET studios. Recently, we investigated brain mapping and neuroreceptor works. PET is not a key application for evaluation of the cardiac patients in Korea because of the relatively low incidence of cardiac disease and less costly procedures such as SPECT can now be performed. The changes in the application of PET studios indicate that, initially, brain PET occupied almost 60% in 1995, followed by a gradual decrease in brain application. However, overall PET use in the diagnosis and management of patients with cancer was up to 63% in 2000. The current medicare coverage policy in the USA is very important because reimbursement policy is critical for the promotion of PET. In May 1995, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) began covering the PET perfusion study using Rubidium-82, evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule and pathologically proven non-small cell lung cancer. As of July 1999, Medicare's coverage policy expanded to include additional indications: evaluation of recurrent colorectal cancer with a rising CEA level, staging of lymphoma and detection of recurrent or metastatic melanoma. In December of 2001, National Coverage decided to expand Medicare reimbursement for broad use in 6 cancers: lung, colorecctal, lymphoma, melanoma, head and neck, and esophageal cancers; for determining revascularization in heart diseases; and for identifying epilepsy patients. In addition, PET coverage is expected to further expand to diseases affecting women, such as breast, ovarian, uterine and vaginal cancers as well as diseases like prostate cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the reality of inservice education provided to members of Korean Dental Hygienists Association, the state of relevant academic conferences, and the perception of the members about inservice education and academic conference. It's basically meant to help boost their participation in inservice education and their satisfaction with it, and to show some of the right directions for that. The subjects in this study were dental hygienists who attended a symposium on July 1, 2006. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 489 participants were analyzed, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. General hospitals and university hospitals made up the largest group(91.4%) that gave a monthly leave of absence, and the second largest group was dental hospitals(75.4%), followed by dental clinics(58.3%) and public dental clinics(48.0%). The most common closing time in dental clinics and dental hospitals was 5 p.m., and that was 12 p.m. in general hospitals and university hospitals. The dental hygienists in public dental clinics didn't work on Saturdays. By type of workplace, treatment was the most common duty for the dental hygienists in dental clinics and dental hospitals to perform, and those who worked at general hospitals, university hospitals and public health clinics were in charge of extensive range of jobs. 2. The rates of the dental hygienists who took that education stood at 94.9% in public dental clinics, 78.7% in dental hospitals and 75.3% in dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals. Regarding how many marks they got on an yearly basis, those who got eight marks or more made up the largest group(55.6%), followed by four marks or more(11.8%), six marks or more(3.4%), and two marks or more(1.5%). As for the usefulness of inservice education for their job performance, the largest number of the dental hygienists(40.8%) found it to be helpful, and the second greatest group(37.5%) considered its effectiveness to be so-so. The third largest group(8.4%) found it to be of great use, and the fourth biggest group(4.2%) considered it to be of no service. The fifth biggest group(l.3%) thought it was absolutely useless. By type of workplace, the workers in dental clinics, dental hospitals, general hospitals and university hospitals wanted the most to learn how to take care of clinical work(acquisition of up-to-date technology), and those in public health clinics hoped the most to learn about public dental health. By type of workplace, the workers in dental clinics had their sight set on self-development the most, and the dental hygienists in dental hospitals, general hospitals, university hospitals and public health clinics were most in pursuit of acquiring new knowledge. By type of workplace, the specific given conditions at work were most singled out by the dental clinic workers as the reason, and the dental hospital employees pointed out time constraints the most. The dental hygienists in general hospitals and university hospitals cited time constraints and financial burden the most, and the public health clinic personnels mentioned inaccessibility of a place for inservice education as the reason. 3. The public health clinic workers participated in academic conferences the most(90.8%), followed by the general and university hospital personnels(68.8%), dental hospital employees(65.6%) and dental clinic workers(65.5%). By type of workplace, the public health clinic workers(73.5%) expressed the most satisfaction, followed by the general and university hospital employees(67.7%), dental clinic workers(62.3%) and dental hospital personnels(54.1%). By type of workplace, the employees of dental clinics, dental hospitals, general hospitals and university hospitals preferred Saturdays, and the public health clinic workers had a liking for weekdays. As for a favored place, hotels were most preferred, followed by university hospitals, general hospitals, college lecture rooms, district halls and local public institutions. Hotels were most favored regardless of the type of workplace. 4. Regarding outlook on inservice education, they had the highest opinion on the facilities and given conditions of lecture rooms($3.41{\pm}0.83$), followed by the professionalism of lecturers($3.34{\pm}0.83$), procedures of receipt and attendance confirmation($3.34{\pm}0.83$) and class size($3.13{\pm}0.89$). On the contrary, they took the most dismal view of the inaccessibility of a place of inservice education($2.08{\pm}0.92$), followed by limited opportunity and limited date for that education($2.51{\pm}0.99$), extra financial burden($2.53{\pm}1.18$) and high tuition fee($2.57{\pm}0.96$).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-39
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• 2004

인터넷을 이용한 중 고등학교 학생의 보건교육 요구도를 파악하기 위하여 경상북도 경주시와 성주군에 거주하는 남녀 중 고등학생 624명을 대상으로 2003년 3월 5일부터 3월 28일까지 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 조사를 시행하였다. 조사 대상학생들의 90% 이상이 컴퓨터를 보유하고 있었으며, 지역별로는 경주시 지역 대상 학생들이 성주군 지역 학생들보다 컴퓨터보유율이 다소 높았다. 컴퓨터를 보유한 학생들의 약 38%가 건강 의료 관련 인터넷 사이트의 접속경험이 있었다. 이메일을 이용한 보건교육자료에 대하여 중학생과 여학생들이 더 적극적인 의향을 보였다. 인터넷을 이용한 보건교육의 내용에 대해서는 남자 중학생이 건강습관, 성장발달, 질병예방 순으로 요구도 점수가 높았으며, 여자 중학생은 건강습관, 질병예방, 성장발달 순으로 요구도 점수가 높았다. 고등학생은 남녀 학생 모두에서 건강습관, 질병예방, 성장발달의 순으로 요구도 점수가 높았다. 건강습관과 관련된 내용 중에서는 남자 중학생은 '규칙적인 운동'을 여자 중학생은 '치아관리'에 대한 교육을 원하였고, 고등학생은 남녀 모두 '수면과 휴식'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았다. 성장발달 및 영양교육에 대한 내용 중에서는 중 고등학생 모두 남학생은 '체력의 변화'에 대해서, 여학생은 '비만'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았고, 성교육에 대해서는 남자 중 고등학생은 '연령에 맞는 성역할'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았으며, 여자 중학생은 '피임과 가족계획'에, 여자고등학생은 '임신과 출산', '피임과 가족계획'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았다. 질병예방 교육에 대해서는 남녀 중학생과 남자 고등학생은 '암 예방과 관리'에 대해서, 여자 고등학생은 '질병예방과 관리'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았다. 안전교육에 대해서는 중 고등학생 모두가 '적절한 응급처치'의 요구도 점수가 가장 높았다. 습관성 약물에 관련 교육 내용 중에는 남자 중학생은 '흡연이 건강에 미치는 영향'에 대해서, 남자 고등학생은 '술이 건강에 미치는 영향'에 대해서, 여자 중 고등학생은 '청소년의 정서 불안'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았다. 소비자 보건 관련 교육에 대해서는 남자 중 고등학생은 '보건 의료기관의 이용방법'에 대한 요구도 점수가 가장 높았고, 여자 중학생은 '보건의료기관 이용방법'과 '의료보험에 대한 이해'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았고, 남자 고등학생은 '의료보험에 대한 이해'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았다. 정신보건 교육에 대해서는 중 고등학생 모두 '스트레스 관리'에 대한 요구도 점수가 높았다. 환경보건 관련 교육에 대해서는 중 고등학생 모두 '환경과 건강'에 대한 요구도 점수가 가장 높았다. 인터넷 보건교육의 교육자료 제공 주기에 대하여 남학생의 50.0%, 여학생의 60.4%가 주 1회를 요구하였으며, 교육 자료의 분량은 남학생의 40.0%, 여학생의 53.2%가 1쪽 분량을 원하였다. 이상의 결과, 연구 대상 학생들의 90% 이상이 컴퓨터를 보유하고 있었으며, 컴퓨터를 보유한 학생들의 약 38%가 건강 의료 관련 인터넷 사이트의 접속경험이 있었다. 인터넷 보건교육을 받을 의향은 남학생들이 여학생들보다 높았으며, 기존에 학교보건교육에서 시행하고 있는 교육의 내용 이외에도 수면과 건강, 피임과 가족계획, 안전교육, 암 예방, 스트레스 관리, 대인관계 등의 내용에 대해서 요구도가 높아 이에 대한 보건교육자료의 개발과 보급이 필요하며, 인터넷을 이용한 보건교육을 위한 기초조사와 더불어 교육방법, 자료의 개발 등과 이메일을 이용할 경우 본인 동의의 절차와 관리 등에 대한 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 1996

본 연구는 최근들어 여성의 경제활동참여가 활발해짐에 따라 맞벌이 부부가 증가되고 핵가족화에 따른 자녀 양육의 문제가 심각하게 사회문제화 됨에 따라 대구 광역시의 보육시설 현황과 입지선정을 하고자 한 것이다. 먼저 대구의 보육 시설의 분포를 보고 동별 요보육아동수, 요보육아동비율을 현재의 시설수와 대비시켜서 보육시설이 우선적으로 필요한 지역을 선정하였다. 그리고 보육아동현황을 설립주체별로도 구분해 보고 보육아동의 비율과 보육아동의 수와 가입여자인구수 및 가입여자인구비율과의 관계도 고려하여 Arc/Info(GIS software)를 이용해 지도화했다. 그 결과 요보육아동의 비율도 높으면서 가임 여자인구의 비율도 높은 지역으로 23개 동이 선정되고 그 종 보육시설이 가장 적은 9개동이 마지막으로 선정되었다. 이 연구의 결과 대구의 보육시설의 문제는 절대수의 부족, 불균등 분포의 문제와 아울러 직장보육시설의 절대부족, 정부 시설의 부족과 높은 보육비의 부담 등이 앞으로 해결해야 할 과제로 남아 있다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

방사성동위원소(RadioIsotope) 생산시설인 Cyclotron의 방사선안전관리는 방사선작업종사자뿐만 아니라 일반 이용자들의 방사선에 의한 건강장해를 예방하기 위해 중요한 부분이므로 방사선안전관리 행위에 영향을 미치는 예측모형을 도출하여 방사선안전관리 행위수준을 높이는데 필요한 근거자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 문헌고찰, 현장관찰, 전문가 포커스 토의를 통하여 도출되고 내용타당도가 확보된 설문지를 사용하여 국내 Cyclotron이 설치된 24개 허가기관의 방사선안전관리자를 대상으로 2008년 1월 2일부터 30일간 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 방사선안전관리에 관한 경로는 1단계 생산준비, 2단계 RI생산, 3단계 합성, 4단계 분배, 5단계 품질관리, 6단계 운반용기 포장, 7단계 운반 단계로 지정하였다. 방사선피폭의 우려가 가장 높다고 생각하는 단계는 분배 15명(62.5%), 시설 설치부터 운영까지 가장 힘든 업무는 인허가 관련'과 설치시설 및 생산장비확보'가 각 9명(37.5%), 방사선피폭 관련 문제가 발생한 단계는 '합성과 분배'각 4번(30.8%)으로 높게 나타났다. 방사선안전관리 행위수준은 4점 만점을 기준으로 최소 2.42점, 최고 4.00점, 평균 $3.46{\pm}0.47$점으로 나타났다. 방사선안전관리 행위와 직업에 대한 복지후생(r=0.529)이 유의수준 5%에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 방사선안전관리 행위에 영향을 미치는 변수를 기준으로 예측모델을 도출한 결과 일반적 특성, 기관 특성, 자기효능감은 통계적으로 유의한 경로를 나타내지 않았고 직업특성 중 복지후생이 방사선안전관리 행위에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 방사선안전관리 행위수준을 높이기 위해 직업적 특성 중 복지후생 수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 전략이 필요하다고 본다. 본 연구는 최근 설치가 급격히 증가하는 Cyclotron의 방사선안전관리에 대한 국내 전수조사로 최초 수행하여 기초자료를 제공하는데 의미가 있다고 본다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 1983

Emergency medical service is an important part of the health care delivery system, and the optimal allocation of resources and their efficient utilization are essentially demanded. Since these conditions are the prerequisite to prompt treatment which, in turn, will be crucial for life saving and in reducing the undesirable sequelae of the event. This study, taking the hyperbaric chamber for carbon monoxide poisoning as an example, is to develop a stochastic approach for solving the problems of optimal allocation of such emergency medical facility in Korea. The hyperbaric chamber, in Korea, is used almost exclusively for the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning, most of which occur at home, since the coal briquette is used as domestic fuel by 69.6 per cent of the Korean population. The annual incidence rate of the comatous and fatal carbon monoxide poisoning is estimated at 45.5 per 10,000 of coal briquette-using population. It offers a serious public health problem and occupies a large portion of the emergency outpatients, especially in the winter season. The requirement of hyperbaric chambers can be calculated by setting the level of the annual queueing rate, which is here defined as the proportion of the annual number of the queued patients among the annual number of the total patients. The rate is determined by the size of the coal briquette-using population which generate a certain number of carbon monoxide poisoning patients in terms of the annual incidence rate, and the number of hyperbaric chambers per hospital to which the patients are sent, assuming that there is no referral of the patients among hospitals. The queueing occurs due to the conflicting events of the 'arrival' of the patients and the 'service' of the hyperbaric chambers. Here, we can assume that the length of the service time of hyperbaric chambers is fixed at sixty minutes, and the service discipline is based on 'first come, first served'. The arrival pattern of the carbon monoxide poisoning is relatively unique, because it usually occurs while the people are in bed. Diurnal variation of the carbon monoxide poisoning can hardly be formulated mathematically, so empirical cumulative distribution of the probability of the hourly arrival of the patients was used for Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of queueing by the number of the patients per day, for the cases of one, two or three hyperbaric chambers assumed to be available per hospital. Incidence of the carbon monoxide poisoning also has strong seasonal variation, because of the four distinctive seasons in Korea. So the number of the patients per day could not be assumed to be distributed according to the Poisson distribution. Testing the fitness of various distributions of rare event, it turned out to be that the daily distribution of the carbon monoxide poisoning fits well to the Polya-Eggenberger distribution. With this model, we could forecast the number of the poisonings per day by the size of the coal-briquette using population. By combining the probability of queueing by the number of patients per day, and the probability of the number of patients per day in a year, we can estimate the number of the queued patients and the number of the patients in a year by the number of hyperbaric chamber per hospital and by the size of coal briquette-using population. Setting 5 per cent as the annual queueing rate, the required number of hyperbaric chambers was calculated for each province and for the whole country, in the cases of 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent of the treatment rate which stand for the rate of the patients treated by hyperbaric chamber among the patients who are to be treated. Findings of the study were as follows. 1. Probability of the number of patients per day follows Polya-Eggenberger distribution. $$P(X=\gamma)=\frac{\Pi\limits_{k=1}^\gamma[m+(K-1)\times10.86]}{\gamma!}\times11.86^{-{(\frac{m}{10.86}+\gamma)}}$$ when$${\gamma}=1,2,...,n$$$$P(X=0)=11.86^{-(m/10.86)}$$ when $${\gamma}=0$$ Hourly arrival pattern of the patients turned out to be bimodal, the large peak was observed in $7 : 00{\sim}8 : 00$ a.m., and the small peak in $11 : 00{\sim}12 : 00$ p.m. 2. In the cases of only one or two hyperbaric chambers installed per hospital, the annual queueing rate will be at the level of more than 5 per cent. Only in case of three chambers, however, the rate will reach 5 per cent when the average number of the patients per day is 0.481. 3. According to the results above, a hospital equipped with three hyperbaric chambers will be able to serve 166,485, 83,242, 55,495 and 41,620 of population, when the treatmet rate are 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent. 4. The required number of hyperbaric chambers are estimated at 483, 963, 1,441 and 1,923 when the treatment rate are taken as 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent. Therefore, the shortage are respectively turned out to be 312, 791. 1,270 and 1,752. The author believes that the methodology developed in this study will also be applicable to the problems of resource allocation for the other kinds of the emergency medical facilities.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.45-62
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• 1998

The study was conducted from November 1995 to May 1996 at the one general hospital in Seoul. The total subjects of this study were 412 patients who have the experience of fall accident, among them 31 was who have fallen during hospitalization and 381 was who visited emergency room and out patient clinic. The purposes of this study were to determine the characteristics, risk factors and results of fall accident and to suggest the nursing strategies for prevention of fall. Data were collected by reviewing the medical records and interviewing with the fallers and their family members. For data analysis, spss/pc+ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, adjusted standardized $X^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Total subjects were 412 fallers, of which 245(59.5%) were men and 167(40.5%) were women. Age were 0-14 years 79(19.2%), 15-44 years 125(30.4%), 45-64 years 104(25.2%), over 65 years 104(25.2%). 2) There was significant association between age and the sexes ($X^2$=39.17, P=0.00). 3) There was significant association between age and history of falls ($X^2$=44.41. P= .00). And history of falls in the elderly was significantly associated with falls. 4) There was significant association with age and medical diagnosis ($X^2$=140.66, P= .00), chief medical diagnosis were hypertension(34), diabetis mellitus(22), arthritis(11), stroke(8), fracture(7), pulmonary tuberculosis(6), dementia(5) and cataract(5), 5) There was significant association between age and intrinsic factors: cognitive impairment, mobility impairment, insomnia, emotional problems, urinary difficulty, visual impairments, hearing impairments, use of drugs (sedatives , antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, antidepressants) (P < 0.05). But there was no significant association between age and dizziness ($X^2$=2.87, P=.41). 6) 15.3% of total fallers were drunken state when they were fallen. 7) Environmental factors of fall accident were unusual posture (50.9%), slips(35.2%), trips (9.5%) and collision(4.4%). 8) Most of falls occurred during the day time, peak frequencies of falls occurred from 1pm to 6pm and 7am to 12am. 9) The places of fall accident were roads(22.6%), house-stairs 06.7%), rooms, floors, kitchen (11.2%), the roof-top, veranda, windows(10.9%), hospital(7.5%), ice or snowy ways(5.8%), bathroom(4.9%), playground, park(4.9%), subway-stairs(4.4%) and public-bathrooms (2.2%). 10) Activities at the time of fall accident were walking(37.6%), turning around or reaching for something(20.9%), going up or down stairs09.2%), exereise, working07.4%), up or down from a bed(2.7%), using wheelchair or walking aids, standing up or down from a chair(2.2%) and standing still(2.2%). 11) Anatomical locations of injuries by falls were head, face, neck(31.3%), lower extremities (29.9%). upper extremities(20.6%), spine, thorax, abdomen or pelvic contents(l1.4%) and unspecified(2.9%). 12) Types of injures were fracture(47.6%), bruises03.8%), laceration (13.3%), sprains(9.0%), headache(6.6%), abrasions(2.9%), intracranial hemorrage(2.4%) and burns(0.5%). 13) 41.5% of the fallers were hospitalized and average of hospitalization was 22.3 days. 14) The six fallers(1.46%) died from fall injuries. The two fallers died from intracranial hemorrage and the four fallers died of secondary infection; pneumonia(2), sepsis(1) and cell lulitis(1). It is suggested that 1) Further study is needed with larger sample size to identify the fall risk factors. 2) After the fall accident, comprehensive nursing care and regular physical exercise should be emphasized for the elderly person. 3) Safety education and safety facilities of the public place and home is necessary for fall prevention.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 장애인의 구강의료서비스 이용실태에 따른 삶의 질 수준을 분석하고, 삶의 질 영향요인을 분석하기 위하여 2008년 5월 1일부터 6월 1일까지 전북지역 일부 재가 장애인들을 대상으로 개별면접법을 실시하였다. 총 198부의 자료를 사용하였으며, SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 대상자들의 68.2%가 구강진료기관을 이용경험이 있었으며, 신체적 장애, 정신적 장애, 감각장애 모두에서 80.0%이상이 지역사회 치과의원을 이용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 장애분류별 구강진료기관 방문 이유는 신체적 장애에서는 43.4%가 정기검진으로 가장 높게 조사되었고, 정신적 장애에서는 정기검진 이 37.9%, 감각장애에서는 통증 및 파절이 43.5%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 2. 연구대상자들의 구강건강관련 삶의 질 수준은 평균 3.39점으로 조사되었으며, 일반적인 특성에서 연령, 종교, 결혼상태, 교육상태, 주관적인 건강상태 변수에서 삶의 질 수준에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 구강진료기관 이용경험이 없는 경우가 있는 경우보다 삶의 질이 높은 것으로 조사되었으며 (p=.011), 장애관련 특성에 장애정도와 장애기간에서 삶의 질 수준에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 연구대상자의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향력을 살펴본 결과 일반적 특성 변수에서는 주관적 건강상태, 치과진료기과 이용실태와 장애관련 특성 변수에서는 치과진료기관 이용경험이 삶의 질 영향을 미치는 결정요인으로 선택되었다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 옛사람들이 '연'이라는 식물소재를 활용한 방법과 그로부터 취하고자 했던 가치와 의미, 감상 태도 등에 대한 실제적 사례들을 고찰하는데 있다. 이를 위한 연구의 방법은 연에 대한 감상과 관념세계가 반영된 시문과 회화를 고찰하고 해석하는 기술(description)적 연구방법이 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연의 관상 가치는 대규모 집단식재와 부지규모의 소규모 식재, 분연(盆蓮)으로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. 특히 대규모 면적에 집단적으로 식재된 연은 여타의 초화류와 차별화되는 독특한 경관을 제공하였다. 별서와 후원 등 사적인 공간에 연지를 조성하고, 연을 애호한 여러 사례들을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 장소는 연이 개화할 무렵에 아회의 장소 등으로 활용되었다. 작은 연지조차 조성하기 어려운 경우에는 분지를 이용하여 연을 즐기기도 하였다. 또 꽃과 잎, 줄기와 연밥 등 세부요소 모두의 관상가치가 뛰어난 점은 연의 또 다른 특징의 하나로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 주돈이의 '애련설(愛蓮說)'에 '향원익청(香遠益淸)'으로 표현된 향기는 연의 중요한 매력 중 하나이다. 전통정원에 있어서 연은 향기를 제공하는 후각적 요소로 활용되었다. 옛사람들은 연의 향기를 단순히 즐기는 것에 더해 '군자의 품격'에 비유되는 상징물로 여겼으며, 이를 시문과 그림으로 표현하였다. 셋째, 연은 청각적 요소로도 활용되었다. 즉, 수면과 넓은 연잎에 빗방울이 어우러져 내는 소리를 '연당청우(蓮塘廳雨)' 또는 '하당야우(荷塘夜雨)'라 하여 운치 있는 소리로 즐겼다. 넷째, 연꽃을 구경하는 여름놀이를 '세속에 오염된 마음을 씻는다'라는 의미의 세심(洗心)놀이라고 하였다, 이러한 풍류는 일반 서민들로부터 왕가에 이르기까지 폭넓은 계층이 즐겼다. 이 밖에 연과 관련된 풍류로 큰 연잎과 속이 빈 줄기의 특징을 이용하여 술을 마시는 방법인 '벽통주(碧筒酒)' 혹은 '하심주(荷心酒)', 상비주(象鼻酒)가 있다. 또 유교의 영향으로 남녀유별이 엄격하던 조선시대에 연밥과 '채련곡'은 남녀 간의 연애감정을 표현하기 위한 중요한 기호(記號)가 되기도 하였다. 따라서 많은 '채련곡'이 전해지며, 남녀 간의 애정을 묘사한 여러 풍속화에는 연당이 배경으로 등장한다. 연은 고대 이래로 사상과 종교 등 문화적 배경을 초월해 폭 넓은 계층이 애호하여 왔다. 이러한 연유로 인해 연이 갖는 다양한 상징적 의미와 사찰 등 종교시설과 관련된 식재 사례를 다각적으로 고찰하지 못한 점은 본 연구의 한계이며 추후 연구과제이기도 하다.