• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2013

The conventional simulators used the expensive commercial artificial heart with a limited performance, and focused on replicating the heart function. The arterial pressure is the key factor of the cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to develop a simulator focused on the pressure wave. The simulator is composed of a step motor, slider-crank mechanism, piston-cylinder, two check valves, a elastic tube, and two reservoirs. With the changes of design parameters, the functions of the simulator were evaluated. The simulator shows the good agreement of the characteristics of the cardiovascular system.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review the simulator for cardiovascular system. Methods & Results: Simulators were classified according to the structure and function of cardiovascular system. Heart and blood vessel were selected as the represent of structure. Blood pressure and blood flow were chose as the functional index. With the view points of four keywords, four kinds of simulators were selected: artificial heart, pressure simulator, flow simulator, and pulse simulator. Conclusions: This paper discussed the state of the art of research and development of the selected four kinds of simulators.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2012

Objectives The aim of this study is to develop a cardiovascular simulator that can reproduce blood pressure pulse and blood flow similar to those of the human body. Methods In order to design a system similar to the human cardiovascular system, the required performances were determined by investigating the hemodynamic characteristics of the heart and the arterial system. Main organ to be imitated is heart in simulator. The rest of the system was minimally designed. Also, a blood pressure and blood flow measurement system was developed for measuring the results. Results The developed system showed blood pressure pulse at similar range of the human aorta. The result waveform include primary wave caused by ventricular systole except reflected wave. Conclusions The blood pressure and blow flow patterns were replicated by the simulator. These patterns were similar to those of the human body. The system will play an important role in studying pulse diagnostics.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2008

The parameter-based cardiovascular impedance simulator that is able to overcome the limits of conventional mock circulatory systems is critical for the development and test of biomedical devices including artificial heart. The concept of impedance simulator was validated mathematically in a previous study using high-gain feedback linearization control which, however, may cause serious difficulties and limits for practical implementation. In this study, therefore, practical applicability of the impedance simulator is investigated considering the physical limits such as motor speed and torque. Simple PID controller which do not require complex model of the simulator is used considering the practical implementation. Design guidelines of the impedance simulator are also provided based on the results.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2012

Objectives: Existing cardiovascular simulators are used to evaluate artificial organs such as artificial hearts, prosthetic valves, and artificial blood vessels, and pulses are typically triggered using artificial hearts. However, the forms of pulse waves vary according to the location of arteries, and for precise assessment of artificial blood vessels, the development of simulators that generate diverse pressure pulse waves is necessary. This study developed a novel cardiovascular simulator that generates different forms of pulse waves. Methods: This simulator consists of a stepping motor, a slider-crank mechanism that transforms the rotation movement of a motor into the straight-line motion of a piston, a piston that generates pulsatile flows, a water tank that supplies fluids, an elastic tube made of silicon, and a device that adjusts the terminal resistance of fluids. Results & Conclusion: This study examined motor rotation and its operation under conditions similar to the physiological conditions of the heart. The simulator developed in this study produced diverse forms of waves, and the generated pressure waves well satisfied physiological conditions.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2015

Objective Wave reflection is an important factor that determines the shape of the pulse wave. The purpose of this study is to compare the conventional method used for estimating the reflection site of pulse with a cardiovascular simulator. Methods: In this study, cardiovascular simulator with one elastic tube was used. The pressure and flow was measured simultaneously at three different points. The measured data were used to the conventional methods to estimate the pulse wave reflection site. The results were compared with the known length which were the distances from the measured points to the end of tube. Results & Conclusions: There is a significant error with the time domain method. While, the reflection site with the frequency domain method was similar to the actual reflection site.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.509-516
• /
• 2016

A blood flow simulator is one of the experimental devices used to better understand the cardiovascular system. Time-Domain analysis is not sufficient to understand the cardiovascular system because of the effects related to pulsating flows. Even when the mean pressure and mean flow rate of the blood flow simulators are satisfied, the dynamic properties can differ from the desired performance. In this paper, the Windkessel model, a well-known mathematical model of the cardiovascular system, was employed to obtain optimized pressure using initial values. The Windkessel parameters, including flow resistance, R, are expected to lead to a better understanding of the dynamic behavior of cardiovascular systems.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.136-146
• /
• 2022

In this study, it is intended to provide basic data that can help develop a cardiovascular simulator for performance evaluation of pulse wave detectors by identifying the development status of domestic and overseas cardiovascular simulators. A total of 119 papers were selected by excluding duplicate literature, gray literature, and literature not related to a cardiovascular simulator. Based on the selected literature, the research trend of cardiovascular simulators was analyzed. As a result of analyzing the purpose of the study, most of the simulators were developed to evaluate the hemodynamic properties of artificial hearts and valves. In addition, it was used for simulation evaluation or hemodynamic studies such as pulse wave studies. As a result of analyzing configurations of the simulators, a heart most often consisted of only one left ventricle. For blood vessels, the Windkessel model was most often constructed using chambers and valves. In most studies, blood was reproduced by mixing glycerin and water to reproduce both density and viscosity. In addition, as a result of analysis from the perspective of medical device performance evaluation, simulators for evaluating artificial heart and artificial valves have been studied a lot, whereas simulators for blood pressure, pulse wave, and blood flow devices have been relatively insignificant. Based on the review results, we suggested considerations when developing a simulator for performance evaluations of a pulse wave detector.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2005

In the cardiovascular system, the waveform of the pulsatory blood pressure appears variously due to the cardiac impulse and compliance of blood vessels and arm tissue. We have constructed a blood pressure simulator to investigate effects of mechanical properties of artery walls and tissue on blood pressure measurements. The blood pressure simulator is designed to reproduce wave forms of blood pressure in human arteries. To minimize tracking error, we use a linear control valve, and adapt a hybrid control scheme which consists of a feedback controller and a feedforward controller. Any form of the pressure wave can be reproduced, changing function of the wave form in the computer connected to the simulator for control. From experiments, it has been shown that the simulator reproduces wave forms very well, and that the hybrid scheme adapted is superior to the feedback controller.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제51권10호
• /
• pp.204-209
• /
• 2014

본 논문은 맥파전달현상을 유지하며 맥압을 조절할 수 있는 시뮬레이터를 제작하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 탄성튜브와 컴플라이언스 챔버를 융합하였다. 본 시뮬레이터는 슬라이더-크랭크로 구성된 압력발생부, 저항조절부를 포함한 혈관부, 수조 그리고 측정부로 구성되어있다. 챔버의 위치선정을 위해 챔버의 위치에 따른 맥파의 변화를 실험하였다. 또한 챔버가 맥압에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 챔버의 유무에 따른 맥압의 변화를 비교하였다. 챔버의 유무가 맥파전달현상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험결과, 튜브의 상류지점에 챔버를 설치할 때가 하류지점에 설치할 때 보다 인체와 더 유사한 압력파형을 나타냈다. 챔버를 설치하였을 때가 설치하지 않았을 때보다 인체와 유사한 맥압을 생성하였다. 챔버의 설치여부에 따른 맥파 전달 속도는 큰 변화가 없었다.